만성폐쇄성폐질환의 중증도와 폐고혈압 및 폐성심으로 진행과의 상관관계

김형호,박철진,이준,장광표,하성일,이재록,하재화,권세훈,권용운,윤성호,이승일 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2007 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.32 No.2

Background: From many previous studies, Pulmonary hypertension is the known independent predictive factor of the mortality in COPD. Also pulmonary hypertension is the major cardiovascular complication of COPD and is associated with the progression to cor pulmonale and poor prognosis. Author want to analyze the correlation between pulmonary hypertension and the severity of COPD which are classified by forced expiratory volume in one second, and the extent of progression to corpulmonale. Methods: Retrospectively we investigated the medical records of 118 patients with COPD who had pulmonary function test and echocardiogaphy more than one times during one-year follow-up (from June, 2005 to May, 2006) at respiratory division in chosun university hospital, and then 50 patients were enrolled in this study. We classified the severity from FEVl in pulmonary function test based on the GOLD guideline, also this was comparably analyzed with RVSP, RVIDd, Visual Grading from echocardiography. Results: 16 patients out of 50 were classified as moderate severity, 25 patients were severe, and 9 patients were very severe group. RVSP was higher in more severe groups than less severe groups but when it comes to pulmonary hypertension that RVSP is over 35 mmHg, there was no valid difference lies in those groups. As FEVl decreases RVSP and RVIDd increases, and observed relationship between RVSP which was classified as below 35 mm and above 35 mm groups and visual grading which was classified as normal and dilatated groups revealed valid correlation, Conclusion: As pulmonary function decreases, progression to pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale increases but there was no remarkable difference of prevalence in above moderate severity groups. 연구배경 폐고혈압은 이전의 많은 연구에서 만성폐쇄성폐질환에서 독립적인 사망의 예측인자로 알려져 있다. 또한 폐고혈압은 만성폐쇄성폐질환의 주요한 심혈관계 합병증이며, 폐성심으로의 진행 및 불량한 예후와도 관련되어 있다. 이에 저자는 폐고혈압과 1초간 노력성호기량으로 분류되는 만성폐쇄성폐질환의 중증도 및 폐성심으로의 진행 정도를 비교 분석하여 이들의 상관관계를 밝혀보고자 한다. 방법 2005년 6월부터 2006년 5월까지 1년 동안 본 병원 호흡기 내과에서 폐기능검사와 심장초음파 검사를 각각 1회 이상 시행한 적이 있는 118명에 한하여 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하여 이 중에서 50명을 대상으로 하였다. 폐기능검사 시행 결과 얻은 1초간 노력성호기량을 바탕으로 GOLD guideline에 따라 중증도를 분류하였으며 이를 심초음파 시행 결과 얻은 우심실수축기압, 확장기말 우심실내부간격, 시각등급과 비교분석하였다. 결과 대상 환자 50명중 16명은 중등증, 25명은 중증, 9명은 최고중증 그룹으로 분류되었다. 우심실수축기압은 중증도가 높은 그룹에서 낮은 그룹에 비해 더 높게 나타났으나 폐고혈압에 해당하는 우심실수축기압이 35 mmHg이상인 환자에 있어사는 각 그룹간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 확장기말 우심실내부간격, 시각등급 또한 중증도와 유의한 차이를 보이지 안항ㅆ다. 1초간 노력성호기량이 감소함에 따라서는 우심실수축기압, 시각등급은 증가하였으며 우심실수축기압을 35mmHg 미만과 이상인 그룹으로, 시각등급을 정상과 확장이 있는 그룹으로 분류하여 비교한 결과에서는 유의한 상관관계를 나타냈다. 결론 폐기능이 감소할수록 페고혈압 및 폐성심으로의 진행이 증가하였으나 폐기능검사에서 중등도 이상의 그룹에서 유병률의 차이는 크지 않았다.

非品質半導體 As-Ge-Se系의 光構造變化

이종록,梁成伊 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1990 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.45 No.-

The photostructure of amophous semiconductor AsGeSe_x for which X concentrations are 52.2, 55.6, 63.6, 79 at.% is investigated. The thin film samples are prepared by the thermal evaporation method. The thin films which are illuminated and annealed are mesured with X-ray diffration and SEM(scanning electron microscopy). When the thin films are illuminated and annealed, the absorption coefficients are increased and the band gap energies are decreased. From the experimental results photodarkening and thermaldarkening were confirmed. It is photodarkening and thermaldarkening that the absorption coefficient is increased and the band gap energy is decreased when the amorphous semiconductor is illuminated and materials increase, then the absorption edge shifts toward the long wavelength. From the SEM the amorphous thin films which are illuminated and annealed are separated into two different phases. The thin films which are illuminated look like the wave shape. This is the spinodal phase separation. The thin films which are annealed look like the globlar shape. This is the binodal phase separation.

알콜의 산화-탈수소 반응공정의 안전조작

이상록,여경희,최재욱,김상열 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1994 硏究報告 Vol.18 No.2

The effect of the temperature and the concentration of the reactor inlet gas on the safe operation of a fixed-bed reactor for exothermic-endothermic Catalytic process is investigated. The important industrial process of vapour phase oxidation-dehydrogenation of methanol into formaldehyde is used as an example. The safe operation of steam addition, air/methanol ratio and feed temperature is performed to be outside the flammable region. And it is also essential to prevent the possible explosion.

자활사업에 대한 자활사업 참여자의 인식과 태도가 자활사업의 성과에 미치는 영향

이상록 서울대학교 한국사회복지연구회 2003 사회복지연구 Vol.21 No.-

본 연구에서는 복지제도에 대한 대상자의 태도와 복지제도 성과간의 관련성에 주목하여, "자활사업에 대한 자활사업 참여자의 인식과 태도는 어떠한지", 그리고 "이와 같은 인식과 태도들은 자활사업의 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는", "자활사업에 대한 태도의 차이에는 대상자들의 어떤 특성이 관련되어 있는지" 등을 규명하고자 하였다. 분석 결과에서는 자활사업 참여자들의 자활사업에 대한 인식과 태도는 자활사업에 대한 사회적 논란에도 불구하고 대체로 긍정적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 자활사업에 대한 태도가 자활사업의 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과에서는 태도의 주요한 영향을 확인할 수 있었는데, "자활사업에 대한 태도가 긍정적일수록 특히 자활사업의 효과에 대한 태도가 긍정적일수록 자활사업의 성과가 높다는 점을" 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 자활사업에 대한 태도는 성별, 건강수준, 가구 부채액, 거주유형, 근로경력, 기술자격증, 정부 지원 프로그램에의 참여 경력, 자활사업 참여기간, 수급액수 등에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있음을 또한 검증할 수 있었다. 이상과 같은 본 연구의 분석결과는 자활사업의 성과 제고를 위해서는 자활사업에 대한 대상자의 인식과 태도 개선을 위한 적극적인 방안 모색이 필요하다는 점을 정책적 함의로 시사하여 주며, "복지제도의 성과와 복지제도에 대한 대상자들의 태도"간의 쌍방향적 규정성에 대한 새로운 주목이 필요함을 이론적 함의로 제기하여 준다. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of welfare recipients' views and attitudes toward the self-support program on the program outcomes. Using the survey data from program participants. This paper identified their views and attitudes toward the program and evaluated effects of their views and attitudes on the program outcomes. Major Findings are as follows. First, regardless of political debates on the self-support program's effectiveness, welfare recipients' view and attitudes toward the program are positive in general. Second, I found that strong associations between view and attitudes toward the self-support program and program outcomes. From the results of OLS regression analyses, I found the significant effects of view and attitude variables on program outcomes. It means that the positive view and attitudes toward the program increase the positive outcome, that is the positive changes of the self-reliant attitudes, behaviros, and skills. Third, from the T-test and one-way ANOVA analysis results I found also that welfare recipients' view and attitudes are significantly different according to the sex, degree of physical health, labor market experiences, welfare reception experiences, family debts, duration time in the program, and cash benefit levels. Above these findings point to the strong evidence for the hypothesis that welfare recipient's view and attitudes toward the self-support program have a significant impact on program outcomes. And also, they suggest that the efforts to change welfare recipient's view and attitudes toward the self-support program have a significant impact on program outcomes. And also, they suggest that the efforts to change welfare recipient's view and attitudes toward the program are necessary to level up the effectiveness of the self-support program.

카드뮴 첨가된 α형 산화철에 의한 일산화탄소의 촉매산화 반응연구

이성한,김용록,김돈,정원양,김규홍,최재시 연세대학교 자연과학연구소 1983 學術論文集 Vol.11 No.-

α형 산화철에 카드뮴을 4mol%, 8mol% 및 12mol%로 각각 첨가시켜 외성영역의 특성을 갖는 산화물들을 제조하였다. 이 산화물들을 촉매로한 일산화탄소의 산화반응 속도론적 연구를 통하여 본산화물의 결함구조, CO 산화반응에 대한 촉매성 및 불순물 첨가효과등을 조사하였다. 또한 450℃에서 O_2 및 CO를 여러압력으로 도입시켜 Cd-doped α-Fe_2O_3의 전기전도도를 측정하고 이를 반응속도론적 데이타와 결부시켜 본산화물상에서 CO 의 산화반응 메카니즘과 율속단계를 제안하였다. 반응온도범위 350~460℃에서 산출된 활성화에너지는 10.1~11.3kcal.mol^-1이었다. CO_2흡착에 의한 CO산화반응의 억제효과는 본실험의 반응온도 영역인 350~460℃에서는 나타나지 않았으며 CO 산화반응의 전반응속도 차수는 1.5차로서 일산화탄소에 대해서는 1차, 산소에 대해서는 0.5차임이 밝혀졌다. 반응속도론적 데이타와 전기전도도 데이타에 의해 본촉매의 활성은 카드뮴도프로 인해 생성된 산소공위(Vo"-2e^-)에 기인한 것이었다. 카드뮴의 첨가량이 증가할수록 반응속도는 증가하였으나 12mol% 이상의 카드뮴이 첨가된 산화철상에서는 반응속도가 크게 증가하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. CO와 O_2는 근본적으로 화학흡착하며 CO의 흡착자리는 격자산소(O^-2_(latt))와 기흡착원산소 (O^-_(ads)), 그리고 O_2의 흡착자리는 산소공위(Vo"-2e^-)로 밝혀졌다. The α-Ferric oxide containing 4, 8, and 12mol% with cadmium were prepared. The oxidation rates of carbon monoxide in the presence of these oxide systems were measured to investigate the defect structure, the catalytic activity for the oxidation of carbon monoxide, and the impurity effect. The conductivity was also measured at 450℃ under the various pressures of oxygen and carbon monoxide. From the agreement between the kinetic and conductivity data, the oxidation mechanism of carbon monoxide and the rate determining step on this oxide catalyst were suggested. In the temperature range from 350 to 460℃, the calculated activation energy for the CO oxidation over Cd-doped α-Fe_2O_3 systems were 10.1∼11.3kcal·mol^-1. The inhibition by an adsorbed CO_2 during the CO oxidation was not observed in the above temperature range. The overall reaction order for the CO oxidation is 1.5; the first order with respect to CO and the one-half order with respect to O_2. The catalytic activity of this oxide system is due to oxygen vacancies induced by Cd-doping. The oxidation rates increase with increasing the amount of dopant and above 12mol%, however, don't highly increased. CO and O_2 are essentially chemisorbed as ions and the adsorption sites for CO are the lattice oxygens (O^2-_(latt)) and prechemisorbed oxygens (O^-_(ads)), the adsorption site for O_2 is the oxygen vacancies (Vo¨-2e^-).

통합여수시 지역주민의 삶의 질 변화와 도시발전의 과제

이정록,이상석,추명희 한국경제지리학회 1999 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.2 No.1-2

본 연구는 통합여수시를 사례로 도시생활환경의 측정 및 삶의 질 변화에 대한 도시민의 인식·평가의 변화를 설문조사를 통해 살펴보았고, 이를 바탕으로 지역주민의 삶의 질을 향상시킬 수 있는 정책적 대안을 제시하였다. 통합여수시의 삶의 질은 5년 전에 비해서 전체적으로 삶의 질은 향상된 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 삶의 질에 관한 9개 지표 중에서 주거생활, 도시행정 및 편의서비스 등은 5년전보다 상대적으로 향상된 반면, 자연환경, 문화 및 여가생활, 교통환경 등은 나빠진 것으로 평가하였다. 그리고 여수시민들은 통합여수시의 지속적인 발전을 도모하기 위해서는 교통문제, 문화 및 여가시설의 확충 등이 주요한 과제라고 인식하였고, 21세기의 통합여수시가 해양관광도시, 교육문화도시로 발전하기를 선호하였다. 따라서 여수대도시권을 구축을 위한 주요 과제로는 경제기반시설의 확충, 워터프런트의 개발 및 보전, 관광산업의 활성화, 시민중심의 도시경관 조성, 지역문화운동의 전개 등이 필요한 것으로 밝혀졌다. This paper examines the change of quality of life in the Integrated Yosu City and suggests the directions of urban development. Research into the quality of life in local and region scale is interesting both from the point of view of theory and practice, and has attracted much attention in the social sciences since the 1960s. This study is an attempt to examine the change of the quality of life in the Integrated Yosu City. In the overall assessment o the level of satisfaction about the quality of life during the past five yeas, most of the respondents have positive evaluation of the changes of quality of urban life. In particular, the quality of living facilities, urban administration and convenience services has relatively improved during the past five years. On the other hand, the quality of physical environment, art and cultural opportunities, transportation options has been backward during the past five years. Therefore, the directions of urban development of the Integrated Yosu City may be summarized as follows; the establishment of a wide transportation network system., waterfront development, the activation of tourism industry and harbor works, the preparation of and urban landscape, the citizens' campaign for a community culture.

공학윤리교육의 목표와 내용에 관한 연구

이상목,이상록 동아대학교 교육대학원 2002 동아교육논총 Vol.28 No.-

The goal of this study is to survey the object and contents of engineering ethics education. The reason why engineering students must study engineering ethics is that the work of engineers can affect public health and safety and can influence business practice and even politics. The courses in Engineering ethics education is to sensitize students to important ethical issues before they have to confront them. Therefore students know what siuations other engineers have faced and know what to do when similar situations arise in their professional career. And students also learn techniques for analyzing and resolving ethical problems when they arise. Finally, This study considers the rights and responsibilities of engineers, environments, and codes of ethics.

액상산화반응장치의 비정상상태

이상록 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1988 硏究報告 Vol.12 No.2

A method of operating for the steady and unsteady state in liquid phase oxidation reactor is proposed. It is safe to keep the state of reactor in safe region on phase plane for steady state operation and to operate the feed concentration to keep the state of reactor in the safe region for unsteady state operation. The tolerance region to safe operation decreased with the feed concentration in phase plane.

대전광역시 양축농가의 축분뇨 관리 실태 및 VOCs 농도 조사

이봉덕,이수기,오홍록,허정민,정기철,김성복 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2005 농업과학연구 Vol.32 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the style of livestock house, concentration of malodorous substances of livestock feces and livestock houses in Daejeon area. Among the livestock houses investigated, as most of cow pens(94.5%) have sawdust or chaff on the bottom, there was no leakage of feces out of pen. Most pig pens adopted slury style, but some of them currently use buffering material on the bottom. It is thought that there will be no possible contamination leakage. When it comes to hen house, all the broiler house use litters on the bottom and all the layer house use scrapper. It is also thought that there will be no possible contamination leakage. 3 out of 12 deer pens used buffering material on the bottom, 10 places were maintained in a traditional method, and 7 places left possibility of contamination leakage considering whether the roof was installed or not. The contents of ammonia, amine and volatile fatty acid in fresh feces were lower compared to rotten feces, but the concentration of sulfur-containing matter - hydrogen sulfide, methylmercapthan and ethylmercapthan were higher compared to rotten feces. In the case of malodorous ingredient in livestock houses, only small amount of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were detected in pig pen and hen house, and other ingredients were not detectable. And those who are engaged in animal husbandry reacted negatively to the use of feed additives for decreasing malodor. In conclusion, it is not worrisome that contamination can be leaked out of animal raising facilities. But if we take into consideration that the point of investigation time is wintry season, there should be more considerate attitude. And feed additives for decreasing malodor need establishing criteria in the manufacturing process.

성장기 흰쥐의 족삼리(ST-36) 침자가 혈액성분에 미치는 영향

이성동,윤범철,류정록,최태암 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 2000 保健科學論集 Vol.26 No.1

Acupuncture, an important branch of oriental medicine, has been practiced for many centuries and has been proved to be an effective treatment for all sorts of disease. However, the exact mechanism on effects of acupuncture was uncertain. Recently investigation for the mechanism of acupuncture has concentrated to human and animals. So, This study was to determine effects of ST-36 acupuncture stimulation on blood component in growing rats. For this study, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 159?13g were randomly assigned into three groups; A4 group, A10 group, and control group. In A4 group, four times acupuncture were performed at both ST-36 every other days and in A10 group, ten times acupuncture. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Total protein level was significantly increased, particularly in A10 group; albumin level was also significantly increased. 2. Serum glucose level was significantly increased. 3. Triglyceride level was significantly increased in A4 group; phospholipid level had no changes; free fatty acid level was significantly decreased particularly in A10 group. 4. Total cholesterol level was rarely affected by acupuncture: HDL-C and LDL-C levels were affected by the number of times of acupuncture, that is, HDL-C levels were increased, and LDL-C level decreased in A4 group, while HDL-C level decreased and LDL-C level increased in A10 group. 5. Serum amylase activity was not significantly changed.