한국(韓國) 재래산양(在來山羊)의 질소대사(窒素代謝) 및 기초대사량(基礎代謝量)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

오홍록,Oh, Hong Rock 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1982 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.9 No.2

한국재래산양(韓國在來山羊)에 대한 단백질(蛋白質)의 소화(消化), 흡수(吸收) 및 질소대사량(窒素代謝量)과 energy의 발생량(發生量)을 조사(調査)하기 위해서 생후(生後) 10개월령(個月令)인 생체중(生體重) 20kg의 모산양(牡山羊)과 생후(生後) 30개월령(個月令)인 생체중(生體重) 20kg의 빈산양(牝山羊)을 공시동물(供試動物)로 하고, 개방식(開放式) 중량측정(重量測定) 호흡시험장치(呼吸試驗裝置)를 이용(利用)하여, 사료(飼料)의 급여수준(給與水準)에 의(依)한 질소(窒素) 및 energy의 대사량(代謝量)을 측정(測定)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 재래산양(在來山羊)에 급여(給與)한 사료(飼料)는 품질(品質)이 중간정도(中間程度)의 orchard grass 건초(乾草)였으며, 1(일)日 평균(平均) 생체중(生體重)에 대(對)하여 0.66~0.92% 섭취(攝取)하였는데, 건초(乾草)의 품질(品質)이 우수(優秀)하여도 그 이상(以上)은 섭취(攝取)하지 못하였으며, 유산양(乳山羊)이나 면양(緬羊)에 비(比)하여 떨어지는데 이는 동물상내(動物箱內)에서 경경(璟境)의 변화(變化)에도 기인(基因)되는 것 같다. 농후사료(濃厚飼料)로 대두박(大豆粕)을 급여(給與)한 구(區)에서는 건초(乾草)를 1.06%, 대두박(大豆粕)을 0.6% 섭취하여 생체중(生體重)의 1.66%를 섭취하였다. 2. 개방식(開放式) 중량측정호흡법(重量測定呼吸法)에 의(依)한 $CO_2$깨스발생량(發生量)을 KOH 용액(溶液)에 흡수(吸收)시켜, 24시간(時間)의 증가량(增加量)을 측정(測定)한 결과(結果)는 99~117g이었으나, 사료섭취량(飼料攝取量)의 증가(增加)에 의(依)하여 $CO_2$gas 발생량(發生量)이 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)은 없으며, 체중(體重)의 증가와 $CO_2$gas 발생량(發生量)은 비례(比例)하였다. 3. Orchard grass만을 급여(給與)하였을때 단백질(蛋白質)의 소화율(消化率)은 24.0~41%였으며, 동건초(同乾草)와 대두박(大豆粕)을 급여(給與)하였을때는 58.2%였는데, orchard grass 건초(乾草)212g과 대두박(大豆粕)150g을 섭취하여 11.538g의 질소를 1일(日) 섭취하여도 질소축적(窒素蓄積)은 0.16g이었다. 이는 조단백질(粗蛋白質)로 환산(換算)하여 1(일)日 77.9g의 섭취가 되며, 생체중(生體重) 20kg내외(內外)의 재래산양(在來山羊)에 필요(必要)한 40~50g보다 많았으나, N.E의 발생량이 537Kcal였으므로, 단백질(蛋白質)이 energy로 분해(分解) 이용(利用)되었다. 4. Energy의 출납(出納)은 생후(生後) 10개월령(個月令)의 생체중(生體重) 20.5kg의 모산양(牡山羊)에게 orchard 건초(乾草) 158g을 급여(給與)한 구(區)에서 G.E로 624Kcal 섭취하였고 D.E 량(量)은 260Kcal, 급열발생량(給熱發生量)은 338Kcal로 78Kcal가 부족(不足)하였다. 또, 생체중(生體重) 20kg의 생후(生後)30개월령(個月令) 모산양(牡山羊)에게 건초(乾草)213g을 급여(給與)아여 G.E로 842Kcal를 섭취하였을때 D.E는 199Kcal였고, 총열발생량(총熱發生量)은 334Kcal로 135Kca1가 부족(不足)하였다. 동모산양(同牡山羊)에게 건초(乾草) 212g과 대두분(大豆粉)150g을 급여(給與)하여 G.E로 1609Kcal를 섭취하였을때 역시 54Kcal가 부족(不足)하였다. 따라서 생체중(生體重) 20kg 내외(內外)의 한국재래산양(韓國在來山羊)은 N.E로 600Kcal 이상(以上)이 요구(要求)되는 것 같다. 5. 기초대사량(基礎代謝量)의 측정결과(測定結果)는 생체중(生體重) 27.7kg의 모산양(牡山羊)을 2~3일(日) 절식(絶食)시켰을때 412Kcal 였으며 3~4일(日)에서는 240Kcal로 저하되었다. 시험기간(試驗期間)의 외기온도(外氣溫 To evaluate the digestibility and absorbability of proteins, and the rates of energy and nitrogen(N) metabolism of the Korean native goats, studies were carried out with open type respiration apparatus based on the nitrogen-carbon method. The results on the nitrogen retention and the metabolic rate of energy, which was obtained with one male (10-month-old) and one female (24-month-old) goats, both weighing ${\simeq}20kg$, are summarized as follows. 1. When the goats were fed ad libitum the medium quality orchard grass hay, they consumed hay about 0.66 to 0.92% of body weight per day. The hay intake was remained the same even when high quality hay was provided. This amount of hay intake was relatively lower than that of dairy goat and sheep. It was believed to be partly due to the change in feeding enviroment. When fed with hay and soybean meal together, the goats ate hay about 1.06% and soybean meal about 0.60% of body weight, corresponding to 1.66% of body weight as fed basis. 2. The $CO_2$ gas produced from the goat in the open type respiration chamber and absorbed with KOH solution was estimated to be 99~117g/day. The difference in feed intake did not influence the $CO_2$ production; however, these seems to be a linea relationship between body weight and $CO_2$ production. 3. When fed orchard grass hay only, the goats showed protein digestibility of 24~41%. The protein digestibility incresed to 58.2% when fed hay and soybean meal together. A negative nitrogen balance(-0.16g N/day) was observed with goats fed 11.53g N originated from 212g hay and 150g soybean meal. Converting that nitrogen ingested to a crude protein, the amount of crude protein intake by the goats per day was 77.9g compared to 40~45g N known to be required in a day by goat weighing 20kg, indicating that the extra protein ingested was metabolized to provide energy. 4. When the male and female goats comsumed 624 kcal gross energy and 824 kcal gross energy by consuming 158g and 213g of hay, respectively, the digestible energy intake was calculated to be 260kcal for the male and 199kcal for the female goat. The daily heat production of male and female goats were 338kcal and 334kcal, respectively, when fed hay only. However, the female goat fed 212g hay and 150g soybean meal produced about 591kcal per day. Consequently, the energy requirment of the Korean native goats weighing ${\simeq}20kg$ was concluded to be $${\geq_-}$$600kcal net energy per day. 5. The fasting heat product ion of a male goat weighing 27.7kg was 412kcal per day when fasted for 2~3 days. When fasted for 3~4 days, the value decresed to 240kcal. The enviromental temperatures during the expreimental period were ranged from 19 to $34.5^{\circ}C$. The goats seemed to be panting when the chamber temperature rose to $32^{\circ}C$ or above. 6. When fed low levels of dietary protein, serum protein levels of the goats were decresed slightly ($${\leq_-}$$10%); however, urea content in the serum was observed to decrese to a great extent (3X).

DNA 분석법에 의한 한우고기 판별

오홍록,이창수,상병찬,송광택 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2006 농업과학연구 Vol.33 No.1

This study was deal with the development of breed-specific DNA marker which is able to identify Hanwoo and European cattle breeds(Non-Hanwoo) meat. Genetic differentiation between Korean cattle(Hanwoo) and European cattle breeds was examined by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD) analysis. The RAPD patterns were identical among Non-Hanwoo, such as Holstein, Hereford. Aberdeen Angus. Brown Swiss. Limousin or Simmental. but the above pattern was different from that of Hanwoo. All bands detected in the Hanwoo samples were observed in Non-Hanwoo cattle samples, but one of the common bands found in samples was not detected in the Hanwoo samples. The band(1.4kb) may be useful as a marker for identifying a meat of Hanwoo from imported cattle meat. Actually, the detection of the DNA marker was tested by DNA analysis with 929 samples which were prepared from bloods of 673 Hanwoo cattles and 141 Holstein cattles, from 115 imported cattle meats. The DNA marker was absent in 644 of 673 Hanwoo cattles (96%) but present in 245 of 256 Non-Hanwoo cattles (95%). These results show that the DNA marker is effective to characterize Hanwoo and Non-Hanwoo meat by its detection. This DNA marker, however, was not useful in detecting unwanted crossbreeding between two cattle breeds, because the band pattern in hybrid cattle shows one of two band patterns in Hanwoo and Non-Hanwoo.

강제환우와 보존기간이 난질에 미치는 영향

오홍록,이봉덕,이수기,류현덕,유동조 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2006 농업과학연구 Vol.33 No.1

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of forced molting and egg storage time on the various egg qualities. A total of 240 ISA Brown layers (60 wk of age) were employed as the unmolted treatment (Control). Two hundred and forty ISA Brown layers, molted at the age of 55 wk, were used as a forced molting treatment (T1), and the same number and strain of layers, molted at the age of 70 wk. were also used as the another forced molting treatment (T2). A total of 120 eggs were sampled from each treatment, and divided into six sets, 20 eggs per set. These six sets were stored for 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days at 18℃ temperature, respectively. Eggs from T1 were collected from laying hens at the age of 68 wk, which started molting at 60 wk of age and achieved 50% egg production at 63 wk of age. Eggs from T2 were collected from hens at 82 wk of age, which started molting at 70 wk of age and achieved 50% egg production at 78 wk of age. The eggshell strength of T1 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the Control and T2, and the storing periods did not affect the eggshell strength at all. Neither the forced molting nor the storing periods did not exert any consistent effect on the egg weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell color and egg yolk color. The albumin heights of T1 and T2 were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the Control, and it was remarkably reduced gradually as the storage periods increased in all three treatments. The Haugh unit showed very similar trends as the albumin height, indicating that both albumin height and Haugh unit were very much related to each other. In conclusion, the forced molting improves the eggshell strength, but decreases the albumin height and Haugh unit. The storage of eggs also decreases the albumin height and Haugh unit regardless of molting.

新蛋白質給源 SPC에 대하여

吳洪錄 충남대학교 교지편집위원회 1979 寶雲 - 충남대학교 Vol.- No.9

Staphylococcus aureus Phage Type 29에 대한 오골계 난백 Lysozyme의 용균성

오홍록,이종수,김찬조,Oh, Hong Rock,Lee, Jong Soo,Kim, Chan Jo 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1987 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.14 No.2

오골계 난백 lysozyme의 용균특성을 조사하고, 이를 식품보존료로 이용하기 위한 자료를 얻고자 오골계 난백으로부터 추출 분리한 lysozyme의 각종 미생물에 대한 용균성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 공시균중 Gram 양성균인 Staphylococcus aureus phage type 29와 Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633에 대하여는 용균성이 인정되었으나, Gram 음성균인 E. coli를 비롯한 여타의 균종과 Staphylococcus aureus phage type 57은 lysozyme에 대한 용균 감수성이 인정되지 않았다. 분리된 lysozyme은 S. aureus phage type 29를 공시균주로 하여 이를 육즙배지에 접종하고, $37^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 정치배양하여 세포를 회수한 후 540nm에서 흡광도가 0.6이 되도록 0.05M 초산완충액(pH 4.5)에 현탁시켜, 여기에 0.05%의 lysozyme을 가하여 $30^{\circ}C$, 30분간의 조건으로 반응시킬 때 용균성이 가장 좋았다. 또한 0.05%의 lysozyme은 반응액 중에 glycine(1%)을 첨가하므로서 공시균에 대한 용균효과가 양자의 상승작용에 의하여 그 단용시보다 현저히 증대(<50%) 되었으나, 기타 다른 첨가제와 금속이온 및 lysozyme과의 혼용효과는 인정되지 않았다. This experiment was carried out to investigate the bacteriolytic action of the egg white lysozyme isolated from Korean native Ogol fowl and to obtain the data for utilization of the enzyme as a food preservative. Staphyococcus aureus phage type 29 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 among the microorganisms tested were lyzed by the treatment with 0.05% lysozyme, but Staphylococcus aureus phage type 57 in addition to E. coli etc. was found to be a lysozyme- insensitive species. The lysis of S. aureus phage type 29 was maximized when incubated in nutrient broth (pH 7.0) at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours and suspended it to absorbance 0.6 at 540nm in 0.05M sodium acetate but fer (pH 4.5) and then treated it with the 0.05% lysozyme for 30 min. at $30^{\circ}C$. It was found that the effect of 0.05% lysozyme in combination with 1% glycine on the growth inhibition of S. aurecus phage type 29 increased more 50% than that in the absence of glycine, but not effect with other any additeves and metal ions tested.

농장 사육 꿩고기의 육질 및 가공제품의 물성과 관능특성

오홍록,유익종,최성희 한국축산식품학회 2004 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Functional properties of farm-grown pheasant meat with different sex, age and cutting portion were investigated, and the textural and sensory characteristics of processed products were also evaluated. Chemical composition of pheasant meat was characterized to be high in protein and low in fat, and breast muscle showed more protein and less moisture than thigh muscle. Moisture/protein ratio of the pheasant meat was relatively low in a range of 2.82∼3.40, indicating the pheasant meat would be a good source of processed meat, and it had high water holding capacity and myofibrillar protein extractability with some variations depending on age and portion cut(p<0.05). Thigh muscle showed higher value of L* and b* and lower value of a* than breast muscle. However, no difference was observed in color of meat with different age and sex. The meat from the 6 months and the breast cut had lower shear force than those of respective 17 months and the thigh regardless of sex. The pressed ham and sausage manufactured with the pheasant meat had better score than the commercial products manufactured with pork or chicken in sensory and textural parameters. 농장사육 꿩고기의 식품적 기능성과 꿩고기 가공제품의 물성 및 관능적 특성을 측정한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 꿩고기는 고단백 저지방의 구성을 보였으며, 가슴 부위는 다리 부위에 비해 고단백, 저수분의 경향을 보였다. 꿩고기는 수분/단백질의 수치가 2.82∼3.40 정도로 비교적 낮은 값을 보여, 꿩고기는 가공특성이 우수한 것으로 생각되었고, 꿩고기의 보수성과 근원섬유 단백질의 추출율은 높았으며, 연령별$.$부위별로 차이가 인정되었다(p<0.05). 꿩고기의 육색을 측정한 결과 연령과 성별 차이는 없었으나, 부위별로는 차이를 보여 가슴 부위가 다리 부위에 비하여 L*값과 b* 값이 큰 반면 a* 값이 낮았다. 꿩고기 생육의 전단력을 측정한 결과 성별에 관계없이 6월령이 17월령에 비해 대체로 낮은 수치를 보였고, 부위별 전단력은 다리근육이 가슴근육에 비해 전단력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 고기 가공품에 대한 관능검사 및 물성검사의 결과에서는 꿩고기로 제조된 프레스 햄과 소시지가 시판 돈육햄 및 닭고기 소시지에 뒤지지 않는 양호한 품질을 나타내었다.

Staphylococcus aureus Phage Type 29에 대한 오골계 난백 Lysozyme의 용균성

오홍록,이종수,김찬조 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1987 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.14 No.2

This experiment was carried out to investigate the bacteriolytic action of the egg white lysozy me isolated from Korean native Ogol fowl and to obtain the data for utilization of the enzyme as a food preservative. Staphylococcus aureus phage type 29 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 among the microor-ganisms tested were lyzed by the treatment with 0.05% lysozyme, but Staphylococcus aureus phage type 57 in addition to E. coli etc. was found to be a lysozyme- insensitive species. The lysis of S. aureus phage type 29 was maximized when incubated in nutrient broth (pH 7.0) at 37℃ for 24 hours and suspended it to absorbance 0.6 at 540nm in 0.05M sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) and then treated it with the 0.05 % lysozyme for 30 min. at 30℃. It was found that the effect of 0.05% lysozyme in combination with 1% glycine on the growth inhibition of S. aureus phage type 29 increased more 50% than that in the absence of glycine, but not effect with other any additeves and metal ions tested.

오골계 난백에서 분리한 Lysozyme의 항균작용

오홍록,배기환 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1987 藥學論文集 Vol.3 No.-

A lysozyme is isolated and purified partially from the egg white of Korean native Ogol fowl(Natural monument No. 265) by the method of direct crystallization. The bacteriolytic activities of 1% lysozyme against Staphylococcus aureus 57, Bacillus subtilis ATC 6633, and Escherichia coli NIHJ-JC2 was investigated with or without some other antibacterial materials in the nutrient broth culture. According to the results, 1% lysozyme showed the appreciable bacterolytic activities of about 12~16% to the almost of bacteria cultured. The synergistic effect with the lysozyme and some antibacterial materials on the growth inhibition of the bacteria cultured exhibited higher in order of the 0.001% magnolol -22%, the 0.001% honokiol -14% against S. aureus, and of the 0.0005% erythromcin -29%, the honokiol -22%, the magnolo,l -17%, the 0.005% phospholipase -6% against E.coli. And that synergistic effect against B. subtilis showed a fairly high level of about 52% with the erythromycin but not any effect with others.

산란계 사료에 첨가된 식물유지류가 난황의 콜레스테롤 농도 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향

오홍록,관야도광 한국가금학회 1994 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.21 No.3

White Leghorn hens were fed a commercial formula feeds as a basal diet, which was supplemented with 3 types of plant oil safflower, evening primrose and pine seed, at the 10% level for 3 weeks. No significant changes was found between the basal diet and the oil feeding trials in the egg yolk cholesterol content, the laying rate, the egg weight, and the yolk weight, except the feed intake. In the fatty acid composition of the egg yolk lipid, however, the plant oil feedings to hens resulted in considerable increase of $C_{18:2}$ acid with a simultaneous decrease of $C_{18:2}$ acid ,and, consequently, followed by the improvement of balance with P /S and P /M /S ratio close to 1.0 and 1:1:1, which is known a desirable ratio for human health in lipid nutrition, respectively.

韓國 在來山羊의 窒素代謝 및 基礎代謝量에 關한 研究

吳洪祿(Hong Rock Oh) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1982 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.9 No.2