Achievements of PVS (Primo Vascular System) Research from a Historical Perspective

Hoon-Gi Kim 사단법인약침학회 2022 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to compare the biological research carried out in North Korea with the modern outcomes in the same field, from a historical perspective. In the 1960s, the group led by Bong-Han Kim asserted the existence of a fundamental circulatory system in the human body. Their findings were introduced in five papers as well as in the newspaper Rodong Sinmun. The size of the group, the range of equipment, and their findings expanded gradually, and the final paper on blood cells would be only published one of over sixty papers reported at that time. In the five papers, some unclear and inconsistent contents were found. Meanwhile, in the 2000s, PVS (primo vascular system) researchers have published over one hundred papers to prove the existence of this novel system. Some trends have emerged in approximately sixty papers as follows: The research on the identification of the anatomical and histological characteristics has gradually expanded to encompass the system’s own functioning. Also, new visual results (e.g. before and after dyeing, and its comparison with blood clots) and the exploration of possible medical applications (e.g. cancer metastasis channels or stem cells location) have been proposed. However, it is difficult to identify papers which comprehensively represented the elements claimed by Bong-Han Kim’s group. In addition, papers have been published more in alternative or Oriental medicine journals than in Western biomedical journals. It seems necessary to report more existence of the system in one laboratory animal and in more influential journals.

물질사용장애 환자의 색다른 것을 추구하는 기질

김미영,박제민,윤경일,유택규,권도훈,김성곤,김명정,장기용 대한생물치료정신의학회 2001 생물치료정신의학 Vol.7 No.1

In this study, the relationship between substance use and high-novelty seeking was tested using Cloninger et al's 240-items Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI) in 34 substance users(32 methamphetamine and 2 cocaine dependence disorders), 80 normal controls and 48 schizophrenics Demographic characteristics and substance use-related past history were taken by semi-structured interview. Subjects were aged 18-45 and general psychopathology was screened by Symptom Checklist 90 revised. The results were as follows. 1) Among temperament subdivisions in the TCI, novelty seeking(NS) was significantly higher in the substance users(22.1±4.9) than the normal controls(18.0±5.0) and the schizophrenics(15.6±3.3). There were no significant differences in other temperament subdivisions such as harm avoidance, reward dependence and persistence, neither character subdivisions such as self-directiveness, cooperativeness and self- transcendence. 2) A significant inverse correlation was found between NS and age both in the substance users(r=0.274) and the normal controls(r=0.468). This study suggested that the biogenetic temperament characteristics in substance use disorder were related with their high novelty seeking, not low harm avoidance.

분얼형 옥수수의 식물학적 특성과 RAPD 분석에 의한 근연관계

金哲民,李喜鳳,崔現求,鄭載永,金基薰 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2001 농업과학연구 Vol.28 No.1

분얼형 옥수수 자석계통의 식물학적 특징, 유전적 거리를 조사하여 새로운 교잡종 육성을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 실험 한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 개화기에 있어서 조사된 20계통 중 K15가 가장 빨랐고 K07이 가장 늦은 개화소요일수를 보였다. 2. 간장과 착수고는 비슷한 경향으로 보며 K04가 가장 컸고, K15가 가장 작은 것으로 나타났다. 3. 상관 분석 결과 분열수는 개화기 및 출사기와 고도의 정의 상관을 보였으며, 100립중은 개화기, 이삭높이와 고도의 부의 상관을 가지고 있다. 4. RAPD 분석결과 17개의 BAND가 나타났고 이중 1개만이 monomolpic band를 보였으며, primer 당 평균 4개의 loci를 보였다. 5. 유전적 거리와 식물학적 특성간에는 개화기, 분얼수, 엽장과 100립중에서 관련이 있었다. This study was carried out to obtain a basic information for the development of a new corn hybrid with tillers. Materials used in this study were 20 lines having three to four tillers per plant including the PI213749 U S line with non-tillers. These 20 lines were compared for the botanical characteristics and genetic distances were measured using RAPD analysis. Flowering date of the K15 was very earlier. while the K07 was very late in flowering date. Stem height and ear height were similar except for KO4 and the K15. K06, K13 and K19 lines were appeared to be resistant to lodging due to decreased ear height. Number of tillers per plant of lines used were shown three to five on average. KO9 showed the highest kernel yield, while the K08 was low. Among characteristics measured tiller per plant and flowering dates, and silking dates showed a positive correlation, while 100 kernels weight, flowering date and ear height were shown a negative with tillers per plant. A total of 17 bands by RAPD analysis using four per primer were appeared and these lines were classified into three groups, especially the third group could be classified into of four sub-groups.

국내 레미콘사의 부순모래 사용실태 조사

김기훈,金虎林,金光華,윤기원,한천구 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1(구조계)

Crushed sand is made by crushing the rock artificially. With the wide shortage of natural fine aggregates at all regions in Korea. crushed sand has been increasingly consumed as a alternative aggreagtes of natural sand. But there is insufficient information related to the actual situation on the produce. quality and manufacturing company of crushed sand. In this paper. survey is performed in order to know actual consumption situation of crushed sand through ready mixed concrete company in domestic. The remicon companies using crushed sand were estimated with 55%. According to the using method of crushed sand. most remicon company used fine aggregates by mixing natural sand and crushed sand. It is found that natural sand is replaced by crushed sand by about 20~50%. For quality problems in using crushed sand. grain shape. grade and fine particles shall be improved to meet the quality requirement of remicon and wide application. Therefore. it is found that quality improvement of crushed sand is required.

분절호선법으로 상하악 절치부 압하 시 순측경사도가 미치는 영향에 관한 3차원 유한요소법적 연구

김동우,양훈철,김기태,김성식,손우성 대한치과교정학회 2003 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.33 No.4

본 연구는 상하악 절치부의 압하를 도모하기 위한 장치의 하나인 분절호선장치를 사용하여 절치부의 순측경사에 따른 저항중심의 위치와 변화양상, 그리고 치축경사 개선과 압하를 동시에 이루기 위해 필요한 최소 후방 견인력의 크기 및 변화양상을 알아보기 위하여 3차원 유한요소법을 이용하여 시행되었으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 치축 경사도의 변화에 따른 상악 절치부 저항중심은 1) 정상 치축경사를 가진 경우에서 측절치 브라켓 원심면 후방 6mm에 위치하였다. 2) 순측경사가 10˚ 증가된 경우에서 측절치 브라켓의 원심면 후방 9mm에 위치하였다. 3) 순측경사가 20˚ 증가된 경우에서 측절치 브라켓 원심면 후방 12mm에 위치하였다. 4) 순측경사가 30˚ 증가된 경우에서 측절치 브라켓 원심면 후방 16mm에 위치하였다. 2. 치축 경사도의 변화에 따른 하악 절치부 저항중심은 1) 정상 치축경사를 가진 경우에서 측절치 브라켓 원심면 후방 10mm에 위치하였다. 2) 순측경사가 10˚ 증가된 경우에서 측절치 브라켓 원심면 후방 13mm에 위치하였다. 3) 순측경사가 20˚ 증가된 경우에서 측절치 브라켓 원심면 후방 15mm에 위치하였다. 4) 순측경사가 30˚ 증가된 경우에서 측절치 브라켓 원심면 후방 18mm에 위치하였다. 3. 응력 분포 양상은 1) 각 저항중심에서 압하력을 가한 경우에 치주인대에 균일한 압축응력을 나타내었다. 2) 후방 견인력을 동시에 적용한 경우에 순측경사가 증가할수록 응력분포 양상이 복잡해지는 양상을 보였다. 4. 상하악 절치부가 20˚까지 순측경사된 경우에서 pure intrusion을 위하여 필요한 후방 견인력의 크기도 증가하였다. This study was designed to investigate the position of anteroposterior center of resistance for genuine intrusion and the mode of change of the minimum distal force for simultanous intrusion and retraction of the upper and lower incisors according to the increase of labial inclination. For this purpose, we used the three-piece intrusion arch appliance and three-dimensional finite element models of upper and lower incisors. 1. Positions of the center of resistance in upper incisors according to the increase of the labial inclination were as follows; 1) In normal inclination situation, the center of resistance was located in 6mm behind the distal surface of the lateral incisor bracket. 2) In 10˚ increase of the labial inclination situation, the center of resistance was located in 9mm behind the distal surface of the lateral incisor bracket. 3) In 20˚ increase of the labial inclination situation, the center of resistance was located in 12m behind the distal surface of the lateral incisor bracket. 4) In 30˚ increase of the labial inclination situation, the center of resistance was located in 16m behind the distal surface of the lateral incisor bracket. 2. Positions of the center of resistance in lower incisors according to the increase of the labial inclination were as follows; 1) In normal inclination situation, the center of resistance was located in 10mm behind the distal surface of the lateral incisor bracket. 2) In 10˚ increase of the labial inclination situation, the center of resistance was located in 13mm behind the distal surface of the lateral incisor bracket. 3) In 20˚ increase of the labial inclination situation, the center of resistance was located in 15m behind the distal surface of the lateral incisor bracket. 4) In 30˚ increase of the labial inclination situation, the center of resistance was located in 18m behind the distal surface of the lateral incisor bracket. 3. The patterns of stress distribution were as follows; 1) There were even compressive stresses in and periodontal ligament when intrusion force was applied through determined center of resistance. 2) There were gradual increase of complexity in compressive stress distribution pattern with increase of the labial inclination when intrusion and retraction force were applied simultaneously. 4. With increase of the labial inclination of the upper and lower incisors, the position of the center of resistance moved posteriorly. And the distal force for pure intrusion was increased until 20˚ increase of the labial inclination.

Polar 변환을 이용한 의료영상에서의 강인한 워터마킹 기법

남기철,김영희,박무훈 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2003 공업기술연구 Vol.3 No.-

In this paper, we propose a robust watermarking against RST attacks in medical images on the PACS. The proposed scheme modifies and improves Log-Polar Mapping and Fourier Mellin Transform in order to realize and recover serious image degradation and watermark data loss caused by the conversion between cartesian coordinate and log-polar coordinate. We used the radius and theta Look Up Table to solve the realization of the Fourier Mellin Transform, and inserted a watermark into 2D-DFT magnitude using the Spread Spectrum. Experimental results show that this method is robust to rotation attack.

설갑상선 : 1 예 보고 A Case Report

한기석,배일헌,차상훈,김성진,박길선 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2003 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.13 No.2

갑상선 조직 전체가 설기저부에 발생한 이소성 설갑상선 증례를 경험하였기에 그 방사선학적 소견을 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다. 증례는 59세 여자 환자로 40 일전부터 발생한 음성 변화를 주소로 내원하였다. 이학적 검사에서 설 기지부 중앙에 회백색의 격막에 둘러 쌓인 3 cm 가량의 종괴가 있었으며, 종괴는 내장으로 돌출하여 구인두를 막고 있었다. 경부 전산화 단층촬영 측면 정찰 촬영에서, 설 기저부에 후방으로 돌출하여 구인두를 막고 있는 경계가 분명한 연부조직 종괴가 보였으며, 전산화 단층촬영 동맥기와 정맥기에 주변의 혈관과 비슷한 강하고 균일한 조영증강을 보이는 장경 2.5 cm의 원형 종괴가 있었다. 또한 갑상선이 있어야 할 경부 전방 공간에서 정상 갑상선 조직은 전혀 보이지 않았다. 설 기저부의 종괴에서 생검을 시행하였으며 병리 검사에서 갑상선 조직으로 진단되어 설갑상선으로 확진되었다. The authors report a case of ectopic thyroid that whole thyroid tissue was replaced by lingual thyroid. A 59-year-old female presented with dysphonia duration of 40 days. On physical examination, there was a 3 cm sized well encapsulated whitish mass protruding to oral cavity in milline of tongue to base. Computerized tomography of neck revealed homogeneously enhancing well marginated 2.5 cm sized round mass in the cecum of tongue base on arterial and venous phase. And there was no normal thyroid gland in lower anterior neck.

MEMS 관성센서를 이용한 차량 자세인지 시스템

이정훈,김기택 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2008 정보통신논문지 Vol.12 No.-

This study has shown the system acquiring information of vehicle posture and rotational direction to be used by the interlock with GPS Navigation system with MEMS inertial sensor(acceleration sensor and angular velocity sensor) and geomagnetic sensor. By using acceleration sensor like accelerometer this study was to know whether the vehicle was moving upward or downward by acquiring the information of pitch for vehicle during driving. Based on this information this was used to judge it fast whether the vehicle enter to elevated highway, uphill road, and downhill. In addition, this study has shown that it could acquire information of vehicle's rotational direction(yaw) and of moving direction by using the accelerometer and geomagnetic sensor. On the basis of it this study could find the escape of route fast during moving vehicle. When it uses various MEMS sensors, it can be more intelligent and effective navigation than the system using existing GPS only. Accordingly, this study was to suggest methods of sensing, data acquisition, data processing, and simulation for sensors.

인공 치아우식 발생 모델에서 디지털 방사선 공제술을 이용한 인접면 치아우식증의 진단

박정훈,최용석,황의환,이기자,최삼진,박영호,김경숙,진현석,홍경원,오범석,박헌국 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2009 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.39 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of the experiment was to evaluating the diagnostic ability of dental caries detection using digital subtraction in the artificial caries activity model. Materials and Methods : Digital radiographies of five teeth with 8 proximal surfaces were obtained by CCD sensor (Kodak RVG 6100 using a size #2). The digital radiographic images and subtraction images from artificial proximal caries were examined and interpreted. In this study, we proposed novel caries detection method which could diagnose the dental proximal caries from single digital radiographic image. Results : In artificial caries activity model, the range of lesional depth was 572-1,374 μm and the range of lesional area was 36.95-138.52mm². The lesional depth and the area were significantly increased with demineralization time (p<0.001). Furthermore, the proximal caries detection using digital subtraction radiography showed high detection rate compared to the proximal caries examination using simple digital radiograph. Conclusion : The results demonstrated that the digital subtraction radiography from single radiographic image of artificial caries was highly efficient in the detection of dental caries compared to the data from simple digital radiograph.

Risperidone이 백서의 억제된 자발적 교대행동에 미치는 영향

이기철,이정호,김진규,정홍경,천강훈,류정환,최영민,전성일 대한생물치료정신의학회 1998 생물치료정신의학 Vol.4 No.2

Objectives : Recently, some case reports have shown that risperidone is effective to refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Possible explanations for efficacy of risperidone in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder maybe due to that it is both serolonin and dopamine receptor antagonist. On the basis of serotonin-dopamine interaction hypothesis, a biological etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder, the effect of risperidone was evaluated to the suppressed spontaneous alternation behaviour of animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder in rats. Methods : The apparatus for spontaneous alternation behaviour was a black plexiglas T-maze with distinctive black and white goal boxes. Black gullotine doors separated the start box and the goal boxes from the main body of the T-maze Small cups were placed in the corners of both goal boxes(all arms measured 50×10cm) 24 hours prior to experiment, rats(Spraque-Dawley) were food-deprived. The food-deprived rats were put into T-maze, in which both goal boxes were baited with small amounts of chocolate milk. Each rat was given 2 set of 7 trials during which it was placed in the start box and allowed to choose the one of the goal boxes for checked. After baseline of the number of choices of spontaneous alternation behaviour was stabilized, the pontaneous alternation disrupted by nonselective 5-HT agonist, 5-MeODMT (1.25mg/kg/IP). The experimental animals were stratified into 5 groups, fluoxetine(10mg/kg/IP), risperidone(0.1mg/Kg/IP), haloperidol(0.1㎎/Kg/IP), fluoxetine(10mg/Kg) with haloperidol(0.1 mg/Kg), and saline(0.5cc/IP) control group. Each drugs were injected for 21 days as a chronic treatment. The protective effects were evaluated on the nest day of discontinuation of the each drugs among 5 groups. Results : 1) After 21 days of the drug treatment, the risperidone group and the fluoxetine group showed significant difference from the haloperidol group and the saline control group on the protection of the 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. 2) The fluoxetine group and fluoxetine with haloperidol group showed significant difference between before and after treatment in the protection of 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. The risperidone group also showed significant difference between before and after treatment in the protection of 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour, but the protective effect of risperidone was superior to fluoxetine. Conclusion : These findings suggest that both risperidone and fluoxetine have a favorable effect in the protection of 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. We think that risperidone can be possible alternatives to SSRIs in the treatment of refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder in clinical situation.