생리식염수 전기분해에 의한 세균 오염된 콘택트렌즈의 살균

김완석, 박준오, 최영기, 이영민, 김형규, 차은종, 김석용 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2007 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.8 No.1

본문참고

수돗물염수액 전기분해에 의한 살균소독

박준오, 김완석, 최영기, 이영민, 김형규, 차은종, 김석용 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2008 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.9 No.2

본문참고

말레이시아 농산물 수출입 동향

김충수,이석영 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2006 농업과학연구 Vol.33 No.2

To strengthen the competitiveness of agricultural sector of the Korea, the direction of market trends on agriculture of the Malaysia was reviewed. The most dominating agricultural area in value is palm oil products, and forest products, sea products poultry products and rubber products is in order. The cultivated area of highest two top plants, oil palm and rubber, was about 4.4 million hectares in 2005, but it is decreasing year by year, Comparatively, rice field, pine apple and fruits tree cultivating area is increasing in tendency by the year. Among all the agricultural products, those items such as pork meat, poultry, egg were self-sufficient, rice, fruits, vegetables and sea products were about 70 to 80% self-sufficient, and beef meat, goat meat and milk were below 20% self-sufficient. Most of the grains, such as wheat, rice, barley, corn etc. and their processed food were imported. Also, temperate fruits such as apple, pear, and water cultivated as well as sprouting vegetables are imported. Ornamental products as cutting flowers and orchids are exported to mainly to the Singapore, but high quality temperate fruits and vegetables are imported from Australia. Oil palm exportation covers the balance of the other items imported and obtaining the foreign money as well in Malaysia.

UN해양법협약을 통한 미세먼지 문제의 해결방안 분석

김영석 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2017 法學論集 Vol.22 No.1

이 논문은 중국발 미세먼지로 인한 환경오염 문제를 1982년 UN해양법협약(UNCLOS)을 통하여 해결하는 방안을 살펴본다. 우리나라와 중국은 모두 UN해양법협약의 당사국이기 때문에 동 협약의 규정은 양 국에 법적 구속력을 가진다. UN해양법협약 제1조 1항 (4)호 ‘해양환경오염’의 정의에 따를 때 중국 육상에서 유해한 미세먼지를 발생시켜 “대기(atmosphere)” 등을 통하여 해양환경에 들어오게 하는 것은 해양환경오염에 해당하는데, 이러한 중국발 미세먼지는 육상기인 대기오염 물질로 볼 수 있기 때문에 UN해양법협약의 육상기원 오염원 관련 규정이 적용될 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 중국발 미세먼지로 인한 우리나라의 환경피해는 월경 오염 (Transboundary Pollution)에 의한 피해라고도 볼 수 있다. 이러한 내용을 기초로 미세먼지로 인한 환경오염 문제를 해결하기 위하여 다음과 같은 세 가지 방안을 제시한다. 첫째, 중국발 미세먼지로 인한 환경오염 문제는 월경 환경 피해의 문제이므로 월경피해방지초안 등을 참고하여 우리나라와 중국 간에 협력을 하여야 한다. 둘째, UN해양법협약 제12부의 해양환경보호 조항을 기초로 우리나라와 중국이 미세먼지로 인한 해양오염을 경감하고 최소화하기 위하여 협력하여야 한다. 셋째, UN해양법협약에 따라서 우리나라가 중국과 미세먼지의 감축을 위해 협력을 시도하였으나, 중국이 미세먼지의 감축을 위한 협력 등이 미흡하여 UN해양법협약상의 의무를 위반하는 것으로 판단될 경우, 우리나라는 UN해양법협약상의 분쟁해결제도를 활용하는 것을 고려하여야 한다. This article suggests the use of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in order to solve the pollution problems caused by toxic dust particles from China. Since both the Republic of Korea and China are the State Parties to the UNCLOS, the provisions of it have the legally binding forces over the two countries. Under Article 1, paragraph 1(4) of the UNCLOS, “pollution of the marine environment” means the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment, including estuaries, which results or is likely to result in such deleterious effects as harm to living resources and marine life, hazards to human health, hindrance to marine activities, including fishing and other legitimate uses of the sea, impairment of quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities. Toxic air particles from China can be regarded as pollution from land-based sources under Article 207 of the UNCLOS and/or as pollution from or through the atmosphere under Article 212 of the UNCLOS. The damages to the environment of the Republic of Korea caused by toxic dust particles from China may be considered as damages from transboundary pollution too. On the bases of these factors, this article suggests three measures to solve the pollution problems due to toxic dust particles. First, both Republic of Korea and China must cooperate in accordance with ｢Draft articles on Prevention of Transboundary Harm from Hazardous Activities (2001)｣. Second, Republic of Korea and China must cooperate, in particular, in order to minimize to the fullest possible extent the release of toxic, harmful or noxious substances, especially those which are persistent, from land-based sources, from or through the atmosphere in consistent with Part 12 of the UNCLOS. Third, the Republic of Korea should consider the use of the dispute settlement procedure under the UNCLOS if the Republic of Korea cannot get satisfactory cooperations from China with a view to solving toxic dust particles problems.

집단살해죄 관련 국제형사재판소(ICC)의 법리 분석

김영석 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2016 法學論集 Vol.21 No.2

이 논문에서는 집단살해죄 관련 ICC의 법리를 분석하였다. ICC의 집단살해죄 관련 법리는 1948년 집단살해죄 방지협약 이래로 국제사법재판소, 구유고재판소(ICTY), 르완다재판소(ICTR) 등을 통해 발전해 온 국제법 원칙에 충실하게 부합한다고 평가된다. 로마규정 제6조는 집단살해죄 방지협약 제2조의 규정을 그대로 채택하여 집단살해죄를 정의하고 있다. 그리고 ICC의 범죄구성요건을 작성하면서, 국가들은 기존에 발전하여온 집단살해와 관련한 법규범(jurisprudence)을 충실히 반영하고자 하였다. 한편, ICC의 알 바시르 사건 판례에서도 제1전심재판부는 처음에는 “구체적 위협”을 관계 요건으로서 요구하였으나, 상소심재판부와 두 번째 체포영장을 발부할 때의 제1전심재판부는 이러한 요건을 요구하지 않는 것으로 보이는 바, 이는 기존의 집단살해죄 관련 법규범에 부합하는 태도로 보인다. 다만, 집단살해죄의 공모 범죄의 범위가 ICC규정에서는 다소 축소되었다는 점과 집단살해의 특정한 의도가 없는 상급자도 부하의 집단살해죄를 방지하거나 처벌하지 못한 결과로 함께 집단살해죄를 범한 것으로 처벌될 수 있다는 점이 ICC의 집단살해죄 관련 특수성 또는 기존의 집단살해죄 관련 국제법 규범과의 차이점이라고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 특수성은 ICC의 설립을 위한 로마회의시 국가들의 의견을 반영한 것으로서 ICC를 설립하는 국가들이 기존의 국제법 규범과의 차이를 선택한 것이다. 이러한 국가들의 선택이 집단살해죄와 관련한 국제형사정의에 더 부합한 것이었는지는 향후 ICC의 집단살해죄와 관련한 재판과정에서 더 검증이 될 것으로 보인다. 끝으로 ICC가 집단살해죄를 관할범죄로서 국가들의 이견 없이 규정함으로써, 집단살해죄를 금지하는 것이 국제법상 강행법규(jus cogens)라는 것을 확인하여 준 것 이라고도 할 수 있다. This article reviews the ICC’s jurisprudence on the crime of genocide. The jurisprudence of the ICC with resepct to the crime of genocide is consistent with the pre-existing international law such as the 1948 Genocide Convention, the jurisprudence of the ICJ, ICTY and ICTR. On the other hand, in Al Bashir, the Pre-Trial Chamber I of the ICC had required “concrete threat” as a contextual element of the crime of genocide, but, later it did not require this element. The later decision by the Pre-Trial Chamber I seems to be more compatible to the pre-existing law on the crime of genocide and Article 6 of the ICC Statute. Two aspects of differences between the ICC’s jurisprudence and the pre-existing law on the crime of genocide were pointed out. First, Article 25 (3)(d) of the ICC Statute is different from Article 3 fo the Genocide Convention in that the former does not provide “conspiracy” under the Anglo-American common law while the latter provides it. Second, Article 28 of the ICC Statute provides “superior responsibility” and under this provision, a superior can commit crime of genocide on the basis of superior responsibility even though he or she did not have specific intent of genocide. These differences are resulted from the negotiations and decisions taken by states at the 1998 Rome Conference establishing the ICC. These decisions by the states have yet to be proved whether they are more effective in enhancing international criminal justice against the crime of genocide. Lastly, the fact that the crime of genocide was included as one of the crimes within the jurisdiction of the ICC without any objections from states confirms the prohibition of the crime of genocide is a jus cogens.

錦江上流地域에 있어 다슬기科의 分布에 關한 硏究

金鍾煥,崔信錫,宋仁植,洪榮杓 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1982 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.9 No.1

The distribution and identification of Semisulcospira species were studied at the 8 stations in the upper streams of Geum River and it's tributatries, and some physicochemical analysis were obtained from all stations. The results are summerized as follows: 1. Four species of Semisulcospira were collected from the 7 stations in the 8 stations, except a station, the Buchang stream. S. coreana was found at all the 7 stations, S. ovulum at the 6 stations, S. globus at the 4 stations, and S. tegulata was found only two stations, but the density of all the snails was generally low in a m^2. 2. Identification of the snail species were based on the external morphology, radula ribbon and central teeth patterns. 3. The chromosome numbers were observed : n = 18 in S. coreana and S. ovulum ; n = 16 in S. globus, however, in S. tegulata the chromosome was not observed. 4. Physicochemical analysis in the aquatic environment were determined from all the 8 stations. The pH, Ca, Mg, SO_4, Na and Cl values in the water varied not widely, but the values of chemical oxidation demand at the 5th station and electric conductivity at the 7th station were higher than those of the another stations.

홍민어 Sciaenops ocellatus에서의 바이러스성 신경괴사증 viral nervous necrosis

김진도,김석렬,정성주,김영진,정태성,최태진,박성우,오명주 한국어병학회 2001 한국어병학회지 Vol.14 No.2

1999년 10월에서 11월 사이에 남해안 일대의 홍민어 종묘 생산장에서 20~30열령의 치어가 척추만곡 및 이상유영을 하며 대량 폐사하였다. 병어는 특이 외부 증상이 없었고, 높은 누적폐사량이 바이러스 질병으로 의심되어, 조직학적 및 분자생물학적인 검사를 행하여 폐사원인을 확인하였다. 폐사개체의 조직을 H-E 염색하여 관찰한 결과 뇌와 안구의 신경세포에서 공포와 괴사가 관찰되었고, 전자현미경 관찰에서는 안구와 뇌에서 바이러스 입자가 관찰되었다. RT-PCR 결과에서는 ≒426 bp의 DNA 단편을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 홍민어에서 발생한 대량폐사는 바이러스성 신경괴사증(VNN)으로 진단되었다. Mass mortalities occurred among red drum lavae, 20 to 30 days old, culturing at hatcheries on southern costal area. No specific external signs were observed except abnormal swimming and spinal deformity. It was, however, suspected as a viral etiology due to high mass mortalities so that histopathological and molecular biological study was performed to evaluate the agent. Both vacuoles and necrosis were observed on nerve cells of brain and eye by H-E staining, and viral particles were observed on electronmicroscopic examination. On the other hand, DNA fragment, approximately 426 bps, was amplified with RT-PCR. The above results were able to diagnosis the etiological agent of mass moralities in red drum larvae as VNN(viral nervous necrosis)virus.

미국의 조약체결절차 및 이론에 관한 소고

김영석 이화여자대학교 2004 法學論集 Vol.8 No.2

The Constitution of the United States of America, Article If, Clause B provides "...all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the Confederate States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of and State to the contrary notwithstanding.", It declares that the treaty is the supreme law of the land which is superior than constitution or laws of any State. Article Vl. Clause B of the U.S Constitution is called "supremacy clause", and it makes clear that all the treaties concluded by the U.S are supreme law often land like the U.S. Constirution and Federal Laws in the U.S. However, even though the supremacy clause uses a tern, "all treaties", the U.S. treaty making procedure created two evolutionary methods: "executive agreement" and "non-self-executing treaty" While making treaty needs the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate, making executive agreement does not need it. Further, the executive agreements are distinguished Congressional-Executive agreement and sole executive agreement. Nevertheless, all the executive agreements, like treaties, are also the supreme law of the land. The ROK-US Agreement on Status of Force in Korea is an executive agreement. One the other hand, the treaties in the U.S. are differentiated as "self-executing treaty" and "non-self-executing treaty" by the U.S. courts. While self-executing treaty maybe applied without any further action by the courts, non-self-executing treaty cannot be applied without further legislative action by the U.S. courts. Nevertheless, non-self-executing treaty is obviously valid under international law. Thus, the U.S. government has the obligation to observe the non-self-executing treaty.

국제사회의 정의

김영석 이화여자대학교 2005 法學論集 Vol.9 No.2

Is there justice in international society? In this article, I review the propositions on international justice by the most renowned scholars in this field and recent development of international criminal court. Hugo Grotious derived international justice from natural law and he argued that international law is a part of natural law. But, his natural law is not divine, but secular. It is derived from human reasons. To Grotius, justice in international society means being in accordance with international law. However, Hobbes denied the relevance of international law in international society and taught political realism. To Hobbes, in this world, there is no law or justice, no conception of right or wrong, no morality, but only a struggle for survival in a state of war by every state and against every state. At the outset of the twentieth century, the ""paradigm"" for international legal positivism was expounded by Lassa Oppenheim. International legal positivism was based on the extant and recognized rules of international law as set forth in the customary practice of states and in the formal conventions concluded between them, instead of on philosophical speculations about some nonexistent law of nature or natural law. Professor Francis A. Boyle suggested ""Legal-Moral Imperative"" theory. Under this theory, a rule of international law that was qualified and ambiguous at its origin had become, by virtue of time and experience, an absolute legal-moral obligation that must be obeyed even during a severe international crisis when the very survival of the state itself was deemed to be at stake. For example, as a legal-moral imperative, the rule of the 1907 Convention on the Opening of Hostilities was able to head off the initially favored ""surprise surgical air strike"" on Soviet missile sites in Cuba. Professor John Rawls suggested ""Law of Peoples"" which mean a particular political conception of right and justice that applies to the principles and norms of international law and practice. Following Kant's idea in Perpetual Peace (1795), he is to begin with to social contract idea of the liberal political conception of a constitutionally democratic regime and then extent it by introducing a second original position at the second level in which the representatives of liberal peoples make an agreement with other liberal peoples and later with nonliberal though decent peoples. Through these agreements, he expects the great evils of human history - unjust war and oppression, religious persecution, genocide and mass murder etc. - will eventually disappear. The International Criminal Court (ICC) is the first permanent international criminal court which deals with crime of genocide, crime against humanity, war crime and crime of aggression. The ICC pursues the individual criminal responsibility of those who commit the most heinous international crimes. The ICC will play a very important role in bringing justice in international society.

Solving North Korea`s Nuclear Problem : A Legalist Approach to Build Peace and Security in the Korean Peninsula

김영석 이화여자대학교 2005 法學論集 Vol.10 No.1

2002년 10월 16일 북한이 핵무기를 위한 우라늄 농축 계획이 있음을 시인했다는 미국 정부의 발표이래 한반도에는 긴장이 조성되기 시작했고 현재까지도 이 문제느 ㄴ해결되지 않고 있다, 이러한 상황들은 한반도와 동북아 평화에 좋지 않은 전조이다, 만양 북한에 대한 군사조치가 취해진다면 한반도에 새로운 전쟁이 발발하고 북한이 일본에 대한 핵 공격을 할수도 있을 것이다, 1993년 이미 추산된 바에 의하면 한반도에서 전면전이 발발할경우 약 1백만 명의 인며유ㅣ해와 1조 달러 이상의 재산 피해가 있을 것이라고 한다. 이러한 비극적인 재난을 예방하는 유ㅗ일한 길은 국제법에 기초한 외교를 통한 분쟁 해결이다. 국제법은 분쟁의 평화적 해결을 위한 장치를 제공하고 있고 분쟁을 평화적으로 해결하고 전쟁을 예방한 전혜를 많이 가지고 있다. 현재의 북한 핵분제를 해결하기 위하여 첫번째로 남한과 북한이 1928년의 켈로그브리앙(Kellogg·Briand)조약(소위 `부전조약`또는 `전쟁포기에 관한 조약`)에 가입하는 것이 필요하다고 생각된다,. 또한 북한과 IAEA간 안전협정 제 22조상의 중재재판소에 북핵문제를 제소하는 방안도 바람직하다. 한반도의 평화 구축을 위한 증장기적인 국제법적 정책목표로서 남북한간 1907년 국제분쟁의 평화적 해결을 위한 헤이그 협약체제 구축과 남북한의 국제 사법재판소 규정의 선택조항 수락선언 그리고 남한과 북한간의 기본관계합의서(Basic Relations Treaty)체결을 제시하였다. 전쟁의 방지와 관련하여 많은 현실주의 학자와 정치가들은 1차세계대전과 2차 세계대전등의 역사를 볼때 국제법상의 분쟁해결절차는 단순하고 이상주의적이며 전쟁을 막는데 실패하였다고 주장한다 그러나 전쟁은 국제법 때문에 발생한 것이 아니라 국제법에도 불구하고 발생한다고 보아야 한다 즉 1차 세계대전이나 2차세계대전은 국제법적 제도가 너무 많아서 발발한 것이 아니라 너무 적어서 발발한 것이라고 할 수 있다, 다라서 한반도의 평화와 안전보장을 위해서 남북한간에 국제법을 통해 분쟁해결절차를 가릅적 많이 수림하는 것이 바람직하다고 할 수 있다, 그러나 남북한간의 관계를 보면 남북한간에는 분쟁 해결을 해결하기 위한 국제법적 제도는 매우 미픕하다고 할 수 있다, 남북한간의 분쟁을 해결하고 한반도에서 전쟁을 방지하기위한 국제법적 체제와 절차를 수립하기 위해서 우리 정부에서 주도적으로 노력할 필요가 있다고 생각된다.