신경망을 이용한 단어에서 모음추출

이택준,김윤중 한밭대학교 정보통신전문대학원 2004 정보통신전문대학원 논문집 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구에서는 단어에서 모음을 추출하기 위해 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. 이 시스템은 음성특징 추출모듈과 신경망 모듈로 구성되어 있다. 음성특징 추출모듈에서는 음성의 특징추출에 LPC모델을 이용한다. 신경망 모듈은 학습모듈과 음성인식모듈로 구성 된다. 학습모듈은 학습 패턴을 설정하고 신경망을 구성한 후 학습을 한다. 음성인식모듈은 학습된 신경망의 정보를 이용하여 단어 안에 들어있는 모음을 추출해 난다. 구현된 모음추출 인식기의 성능을 알아보기 위해 모음(아, 어, 오, 에, 이)5개를 선택 신경망을 학습시켰다. 이 실험을 통해 음성인식모듈이 4개의 단어로부터 모음을 정상적으로 추출하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. This study designed and implemented a system to extract of vowel from a word. The system is comprised of a voice feature extraction module and a neutral network module. The voice feature extraction module use a LPC(Linear Prediction Coefficient) model to extract a voice feature from a word. The neutral network module is comprised of a learning module and voice recognition module. The learning module sets up a learning sets up a learning pattern and builds up a neutral network to learn. Using the information of a learned neutral network, a voice recognition module extracts a vowel from a word. A neutral network was made to learn selected vowels(a, eo, o, e, i) to test the performance of a implemented vowel extraction recognition machine. Through this experiment, could confirm that speech recognition module extract of vowel from 4 words.

세포질내 정자주입법(ICSI)에 있어서 정자흡입 및 난자내 주입방법에 관한 연구

이택후,김항진,송건호,김대근,전상식,박윤규,서태광,전병균,류은경,이은숙,문진수,김광철 경북대학교 의학연구소 2000 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.4 No.1

Study on Method of Sperm Aspiration and Injection into an Oocyte in Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI) Immobilization of spermatozoa prior to intracytoplasmic sperm iniection(ICSI) sometimes results in crooked tail and this makes it difficult to aspirate sperm into an injection pipette tail first. Head-first sperm aspiration into an injection pipette avoid this problem due to the bigger size of the sperm head. The effect of head or tail-first sperm injection into an oocyte on fertilization cleavage, percentage of grade I embryos and development to blastocyst stage in ICSI program has been studied. A single living immobilized spermatozoa from oligoasthenozoospermic patient was injected into an oocyte head-first or tail-first according to the treatment. Eighteen hours after microinjection, oocytes ware inspected for survival and fertilization Fertilized oocytes with two pronuclei were cultured in 30μl drop of mHTF supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated follicular fluid(FF) at 37℃. On day 2. embryo transfer was performed with cleaved embryos. The remaining 2-8 cell stage embryos were co-cultured with BRL cells in mHTF + 10% FF for 72 hours and the developmental stage was observed. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance. A total of 164 oocytes from 36 cycles were assigned to earth treatment and ICSI was performed(88 head-first, tail-first). The rates of normal fertilization were 81.8% and 76.3% for head-first and tail-first, respectively. Of the fertilized oocytes, the percentage of cleaved embryos and the percentage of grade 1 embryo among cleaved embryos were 88.9% and 68.8%, 93.1% and 74.1% for head-first and tail-first, respectively. Of the 2-8 cell embryos cultured, 44.4%(16/36) and 50.0%(10/20) for head first and tail first, respectively developed to blastocyst stage. There were no differences in fertilization, cleavage, rates of grade 1 embryos, and development to blastocyst stage. In conclusion, head-first or tail-first sperm injection into an oocyte in ICSI program does not affect fertilization and subsequent embryo development to blastocyst stage in vitro.

가수분해한 전분과 유탁된 전분의 건강식품 향료에 관한 연구

이충훈,최윤택 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.3

Enjoying nutrition_sports has on inseperable relation with nutritions condition of man. Flavors is the most commonly used tecnique for the production of dry flavorings. An aqueous infeed material (water, and flavor) is atomized into a stream of hot air. The atomized particles dry very rapidly, trapping volatile flavor constituents inside the droplet, The powder is recovered via cyclone collectors, Flavor retention is quite satisfactory if dryer operating parameters are properly chosen, Flavor retention is maximized by using a high infeed solids level, high vicosity infeed, optimum inlet (150_210 C) and high exit(>100 C) air temperatures and high molecular weight flavor molecules.

쇄골 중간부 골절후 불유합 및 지연 유합의 원인

윤정로,심재익,김택선,이성종,김영배,김학준,안국환,장재영,홍명표 대한골절학회 2002 대한골절학회지 Vol.15 No.4

쇄골 중간 1/3 부위의 골절은 치료 결과가 양호하여 보존적 치료가 원칙적으로 받아 들어지고 잇으며 불유합에 대한 빈도도 낮은 것으로 되어 있다. 그러나 최근 전위 및 단축의 정도가 심할 경우 높은 불유합의 결과와 불량한 임상 결과를 보고하고 있어 이런 예에 대해선 수술적 치료를 권장하고 있다. 저자들은 단축 및 전위의 정도와 불유합의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상 및 방법 : 1993년 2월부터 2002년 1월까지 본원에 내원 했던 성인 중간부 쇄골 골절 환자 194명 중 완전 전위를 보인 78례를 조사하여 이중 63례를 대상으로 분석하여 후 향적 연구를 시행하였다. 4개월 추시 후에도 방사성 사진상 유합 소견이 관찰되지 않으면 불유합의 유의성을 알아보고자 하였다. 결 과 : 63례 중 불유합 및 지연 유합을 소견을 보인 환자는 15(23%)례였다. 골유합을 보인 48례의 단축은 평균 8.6㎜(2㎜-17㎜)였고, 전위는 평균 9.7㎜(2-22㎜)였다 .불유합 및 지연 유합을 보였던 15례에서 단축은 평균 14.5㎜(3㎜-37㎜), 전위는 평균 17.3㎜(4-25㎜)였다. 18㎜이상 단축이 있었던 경우 불유합의 발생과는 통계학적으로 유의성을 나타내었고(Fisher's exact test, p<0.01), Chi-square test상 16㎜ 이상의 전위를 보였던 경우 불유합 발생과 통계학적으로 의미가 있었다(p<0.01). 결 론 : 쇄골 골절 특히 중간 1/3의 골절은 비교적 보존적 치료에 결과가 좋은 것으로 되어 있으나, 전위 및 단축이 심한 경우 불유합에 대한 가능성이 높이 때문에 보다 경과 관찰시 유합의 진행이 없으면 적극적인 치료를 고려해야한다. Purpose : Because the prognosis of the mid 1.3 clavicle fracture is good, the conservative treatment with a figure of 8 bandage is the gold standard and the nonunions are rare. However, recently surgical treatment is recommended when the shortening and displacement is severe because of the high nonunion rate and the poor clinical result. This study was undertaken to evaluate that the shortening and displacement at fracture site are associated with the development of nonunion. Materials and Methods : We analysed the 194 fractures of mid 1/3 clavicle in adults which had been treated conservatively from February 1993 to January 2002 and did the retrospective study. Of these, 78 cases were originally in the middle third of the clavicle and had been completely displaced. We reviewed 63 of these cases. The shortening and displacement at the fracture site was measured on the initial roentgenogram. And the analysis of the patients' chart was done for another predisposing nonunion factors. Nonunion and delayed union are considered to be present when there has been little or no progression of clinical or radiographic healing at a minimum of 4 months after injury. Results : 15 of the 63 cases had developed nonunion.. The average 8.6㎜(2㎜-17㎜) shortening and average 9.7㎜(2-22㎜) in the union patients. The average 14.5㎜(3㎜-37㎜) shortening and average 17.3㎜(4-25㎜) in the nonunion patients. We found that initial shortening ≥18㎜(Fisher's exact test, p<0.01) and initial displacement ≥ 16㎜(Chi-square test. p<0.01)at the fracture site were significantly associated with the development of nonunion. Conclusion : The conservative treatment with figure-80-bandage is the gold standard in the clavicle middle one third fracture. However, the nonunion is commonly occurs in the cases of more of severely shortened and displaced fractures. If there are no signs of callus formation and the patient complains of pain after several week, osteosynthesis should be considered.

열가소성 Wood-Plastic Composites의 기계적 물성에 미치는 커플링제의 영향

윤태호,신경섭,황택성,이존태 공주대학교 자원재활용 신소재 연구센터 1999 1차년도 센터 성과집 Vol.1999 No.-

목분 충진제의 함량을 달리 하고 PE수지를 매티릭스로 하여 wood plastic composites(WPC)를 제조하였다. 또한 매트릭스와 충진제간의 계면결합력을 증가시키기 위하여 커플링제로 phthalic anhydride(PA)를 사용하였으며, 충진제의 충진률과 커플링제 처리가 복합재의 기계적 물성에 미치는 영향과 계면현상을 관찰하였다. 목분의 충진률 30wt%, PA커플링제농도 3wt%일 때 인장강도는 26.37MPa로 최대값을 나타내었으며, 이때 충격강도는 46.24J/m의 최대값을 나타냈다. 또한 WPC는 주사전자현미경 관찰을 통해서 커플링제의 처리농도의 증가에 따라 목분과 PE 수지와의 분산과 결합이 잘 이루어졌으을 확인할 수 있었다. Wood powder as reinforcing fillers and polyethylene as a matrix have been used for wood plastic composites(WPC). In preparing WPC, the coupling agent, phthalic anhy dride(PA) was used in order to increase the interfacial bonding force between matrix and fillers. In this study, the effect of wood powder, PA concentration on the mechanical properties and interfcial phenomena on the composites was eveluated. The tensile strength of 3wt% PA-treated composites reached its maximum value of 25.91 MPa when the wood powder content was 30wt%, and the mximum impact strength of PA-treated composites was 46.24H/m. SEM observation showed that wood powder was well dispersed and bonded well with PE matrix by increasing the coupling agent concentration.

소아 대퇴 근위부 골절의 치료결과

정성택,이근배,윤택림,문은선,송은규 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.1

초음속 유동장에 놓인 쐐기 주위의 유동 특성

신완순,신필권,이택상,김윤곤,박종호 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.13 No.1

Theoretical analysis and experiment for supersonic flow around the wedges have been conducted. Wedges are being used as a means of measuring a flow direction, Mach No., a basic study of inlet or combustion chamber of ramjet and scramjet engine. We use a shock tunnel to get a supersonic flow conditions and schlieren system to visualize supersonic flow field around wedge. Numerical simulation is also conducted by Harten-Yee type 2nd-order Total Variable Diminishing(TVD) scheme and oblique shock theory. Comparison of calculated results with experimental data is in good agreement.

폐쇄성 수면무호흡 환자의 상기도 형태의 특징과 압력강하에 관한 3차원 전산유체역학해석

모성서,안형택,이정선,정유삼,문윤식,배응권,성상진 대한치과교정학회 2010 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.40 No.2

폐쇄성 수면무호흡(obstructive sleep apnea, OSA)은 수면 중에 반복적으로 상기도의 완전폐쇄나 부분폐쇄가 일어나는 질환으로서 흡기된 공기는 반드시 상기도라는 연조직 관(tube) 구조를 통과해야 하므로 상기도의 폐쇄경향은 관의 형태 및 관을 통과하는 공기의 유체역학적 특성에 따라서도 큰 영향을 받을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 OSA 환자 3인의 치료 전 상기도 CT 이미지를 이용하여 개별화된 3차원 유한요소모델 A, B, C를 제작하고, 비공 당 170, 200, 230 ml/s의 흡기유량에 대하여 3차원 전산유체역학 해석을 시행하였다. 상기도의 유속, 음압 그리고 압력강하를 측정한 결과 관찰된 3개의 모델에서 모두 단면적이 가장 작은 부위에서 유속이 증가하였고, 음압이 크게 나타났다. 기도의 형태는 구개인두와 구인두 부위에서 좁아지는 형태를 가지며, 최소 단면적 영역과 하인두 단면적의 차이가 클수록 유속과 음압의 변화가 크게 나타났다. 비강 부위의 최고 압력과 최소 단면적 영역의 최저 압력의 차이를 의미하는 압력강하는 상기도 저항을 종합적으로 판단할 수 있는 유용한 지표이며, 유량에 따라 증가하였다. Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder which is characterized by a recurrence of entire or partial collapse of the pharyngeal airway during sleep. A given tidal volume must traverse the soft tissue tube structure of the upper airway, so the tendency for airway obstruction is influenced by the geometries of the duct and characteristics of the airflow in respect to fluid dynamics. Methods: Individualized 3D FEA models were reconstructed from pretreatment computerized tomogram images of three patients with obstructive sleep apnea. 3D computational fluid dynamics analysis was used to observe the effect of airway geometry on the flow velocity, negative pressure and pressure drop in the upper airway at an inspiration flow rate of 170, 200, and 230 ml/s per nostril. Results: In all 3 models, large airflow velocity and negative pressure were observed around the section of minimum area (SMA), the region which narrows around the velopharynx and oropharynx. The bigger the Out-A (outlet area)/ SMA-A (SMA area) ratio, the greater was the change in airflow velocity and negative pressure. Conclusions: Pressure drop meaning the difference between highest pressure at nostril and lowest pressure at SMA, is a good indicator for upper airway resistance which increased more as the airflow volume was increased.

수술적 방법을 이용한 안면부 거대혈관종의 치료

박재구,이윤호,김진환,민경원,박철규,권성택,김석화 大韓成形外科學會 1998 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.25 No.6

Hemangioma is one of the most common congenital tumors in the region of the face and neck. Although histologically benign, these facial masses are clinically malignant for their deforming and inexorable growth, especially in so-called cavernous hemangioma. Today, hemagiomas have been treated by various methods; steroids, electrocoagulation, injection of sclerosing agent, cryotherapy, radiation therapy, laser therapy, and surgical treatment, etc. The response of treatment varies with the types, surgical skills, regions of hemangioma, the age of patient, but the appropriate method of the treatment has not been yet established. In the case of massive hemangioma, which involves most part of the face and neck, we prefer surgical treatment and consistently obtain better result than other treatment modalities. Wide excision and proper reconstruction of the face helps the patient for their better life aesthetically and functionally.

생분해성 폴리락티드/글리콜리드 미립구를 이용한 재조합 소 성장호르몬(rBST)의 지속성주사제 설계

전홍렬,이봉상,권도우,윤미경,전현주,신택환,최영욱 한국약제학회 2002 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.32 No.3

In order to develope a sustained release formulation of bovine somatotropin(BST), which has been used to increase the body weight of oxen or the milk production of dairy cows, poly(D,L-lactide-co-glyceride)(PLGA) microspheres were made by W/O/W multiple emulsification method and solvent extraction method. Physical properties including particle size, drug entrapment, drug release, protein denaturation, and in vivo body weight increase in rats were characterized. The size of the microspheres was increased as the molecular weight of PLGA increased. When Span 65 and stearic acid during preparation were added, the size was decreased but the amount of surface protein was increased, resulting in a high loading efficiency, with fast release of BST from the microspheres. Aggregation of fragmentation of BST by SDS-PAGE during microspheres preparation and drug release study was not observed. Body weight of Sprague-Dawley's male rats was significantly increased after subcutaneous administrations of BST-loaded PLGA microspheres. There was a good correlation between in vivo weight gain and vitro release rate of microspheres. PLGA microspheres with a high surface protein ratio could be a good candidate for the sustained delivery of BST.