예비교사를 위한 맞춤형 수업설계 시스템 개발 및 적용

홍선주 ( Hong¸ Sunjoo ),안태연 ( Ahn¸ Tae Youn ),이상민 ( Lee¸ Sangmin-michelle ) 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2020 교사교육연구 Vol.59 No.4

데이터에 기반하여 학습자 특성을 분석하고 이에 따른 맞춤형 수업을 설계하는 교사 전문성에 대한 요구는 최근 빅데이터와 테크놀로지 기반 플랫폼의 교육적 활용에 대한 인식이 고조됨에 따라 함께 증가하고 있다. 미래 교실에서는 교사가 학습자의 정의적·인지적 특성에 대한 정량·정성적 데이터가 구축된 플랫폼에서 학습자 특성을 최대한 반영한 교실 수업을 설계하는 데이터 기반 맞춤형 수업설계 전문성이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 교사 전문성 개발을 위해 국외에서 개발된 컴퓨터 기반 프로그램인 simSchool과 CSD를 모델로, 예비교사들이 가상의 학습자를 대상으로 수업을 설계하고 차별화된 처치를 제공하는 것을 연습하게 하는 ‘데이터 기반 맞춤형 학습 설계 실습 시스템’을 개발하여 실행하였다. 예비교사들은 교과 학습 상황에서 가상의 한 학급을 구성하는 20명의 학습자 데이터에 근거하여 학습자에게 맞춤화된 수업을 제공하기 위한 일련의 의사결정 연습을 수행하였다. 연구 결과, ‘데이터 기반 맞춤형 학습 설계 실습 시스템’의 사용은 예비교사에게 수업에서 고려해야 할 학습자 특성의 범주에 대한 인식확대를 통해 학업 수준과 같은 인지적 특성뿐만 아니라, 동기, 진로·적성 등 그 외의 특성도 세심하게 고려된 수업설계가 필요하다는 것을 깨닫는 계기가 된 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 예비교사들은 학습자의 다양성을 고려한 수업설계 훈련이 향후 자신이 수업 상황에서 마주할 수 있는 어려움을 예측하고 이를 해결할 수 있는 교수학습 방법과 자료의 활용에 대해 구체적으로 고민해 볼 수 있었다는 점에서 긍정적이었다고 평가하였다. 무엇보다 이러한 시스템의 활용은 교사 양성과정의 수업설계 교육에서 일반적으로 부재했던 ‘학습자’라는 존재를 수업설계의 핵심 요소로 고려할 수 있는 상황적 맥락을 제공했다는 점에서, 향후 학습자 데이터가 구축된 컴퓨터 기반 시스템을 활용한 수업설계 교육이 교실 수업에 대한 실천적 지식 습득 측면에서 제한적인 현재의 교원양성교육이 가진 한계를 극복할 방안이 될 수 있을 것으로 본다. In recent years, the demand for teacher expertise in analyzing learner characteristics based on data and designing customized lessons has grown with the increased awareness of educational use of big data and technology-based platforms. In the classrooms of the future, teachers will need to develop a differentiated teaching expertise which reflects various learning styles into their lesson designs. In this study, simSchool and CSD (Cook School District), were used as models to develop a ‘customized learning design practice system’ for pre-service teachers. Pre-service teachers performed a series of decision-making exercises to provide differentiated English lessons to a class of 20 virtual learners. The system received positive reviews from the pre-service teachers in that it made them realize the diversity of learner styles and to think about ways to handle difficulties they may face in actual classrooms in the future. Above all, the fact that the system provided a context where learners existed, which is generally absent in current teacher training courses, was considered very helpful to pre-service teachers. It is suggested that using such computer-based system can offer a way to overcome the limitations of current teacher training education.

A 4.9 mΩ-Sensitivity Mobile Electrical Impedance Tomography IC for Early Breast-Cancer Detection System

Sunjoo Hong,Kwonjoon Lee,Unsoo Ha,Hyunki Kim,Yongsu Lee,Youchang Kim,Hoi-Jun Yoo IEEE 2015 IEEE journal of solid-state circuits Vol.50 No.1

<P>A mobile electrical impedance tomography (EIT) IC is proposed for early breast cancer detection personally at home. To assemble the entire system into a simple brassiere shape, EIT IC is integrated via a multi-layered fabric circuit board which includes 90 EIT electrodes and two reference electrodes for current stimulation and voltage sensing. The IC supports three operating modes; gain scanning, contact impedance monitoring, and EIT modes for the clear EIT image. A differential sinusoidal current stimulator (DSCS) is proposed for injection of low-distortion programmable current which has harmonics less than -59 dBc at a load impedance of 2 kΩ. To get high sensitivity, a 6-channel voltage sensing amplifier can adaptively control the gain up to a maximum of 60 dB, and has low input referred noise, 36 nV/ √Hz. The 2.5 × 5 mm chip is fabricated in a 0.18 μm 1P6M CMOS process and consumes 53.4 mW on average. As a result, a sensitivity of 4.9 mΩ is achieved which enables the detection of a 5 mm cancer mass within an agar test phantom.</P>

A 10.4 mW Electrical Impedance Tomography SoC for Portable Real-Time Lung Ventilation Monitoring System

Sunjoo Hong,Jaehyuk Lee,Joonsung Bae,Hoi-Jun Yoo IEEE 2015 IEEE journal of solid-state circuits Vol.50 No.11

<P>An electrical impedance tomography (EIT) SoC is proposed for the portable real-time lung ventilation monitoring system. The proposed EIT SoC is integrated into belt-typefabric system with 32 electrodes and can show the dynamic images of the lung ventilation on the mobile devices. To get high fidelity images, a T-switch is adopted for high off-isolation between electrodes more than 60 dB, and I/Q signal generation and demodulation can obtain both real and imaginary part of images. For the real-time imaging, an on-chip fast demodulation scheme is proposed, and it can also reduce speed requirements of ADC for low-power consumption. The proposed EIT SoC of 5.0 mm × 5.0 mm is fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology, and consumes only 10.4 mW with 1.8 V supply. As a result, EIT images were reconstructed with 97.3% of accuracy and up to 20 frames/s real-time lung images can be displayed on the mobile devices.</P>

미래 학교 교사의 교수학습 역량 모델링

홍선주 ( Hong Sunjoo ),안유민 ( Ahn Yumin ),최영인 ( Choi Youngin ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2019 교육문화연구 Vol.25 No.3

미래 사회에는 첨단 지능형 정보기술이 학교교육에 도입됨에 따라 미래 학교 및 교사의 역할에는 현재와 다른 큰 변화가 있을 것으로 전망된다. 이 연구에서는 미래 교육에서 변화한 교수학습 전문가로서의 교사 역할을 수행하는데 필요한 역량을 규명하기 위한 목적으로 역량 모델링을 실시하여 미래 교사에게 요구되는 교수학습 역량의 층위 모형 및 교수학습 역량과 정의, 행동지표를 도출하였다. 이를 위해 관련 문헌을 분석을 통한 미래 학교 및 교사의 역할 변화에 대한 전망을 바탕으로 교수학습 역량의 기초 내용을 탐색하였다. 또한 역량의 개발 과정에서 미래 학교 교사의 교수학습 역량 모델링 전문가인 대학 교수 또는 박사 학위를 가진 연구원 13명을 대상으로 3회, 미래 학교의 교수학습 상황에서 교사가 수행할 행동 및 행동지표를 개발하기 위하여 미래 교육 및 역량 중심의 교육에 관심을 가지고 있으며 교직 경력 10년 이상인 초·중등학교 교사 8명을 선정하여 2회에 걸쳐 전문가 초점 집단 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 도출된 역량 모델링 결과에 대해 2차례에 걸친 델파이 조사를 실시하여 타당도를 검증하였다. 주요한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시간의 흐름과 상관없이 동일하게 성공을 예측하는 ‘지속 역량’과 시간의 흐름에 따라 환경이 변화하고 그러한 변화에 따라 새롭게 성공을 예측하는 정도가 높아지는 ‘강조 역량’으로 구분되는 역량의 층위 모형을 개발하였다. 둘째, 교수학습 기반 역량군, 교수학습 설계 역량군, 교수학습 실행 역량군, 교수학습 평가 역량군의 4개 역량군에 대하여 총 14개 역량과 32개 행동지표를 도출하였으며, 내용 타당도 비율(CVR)은 모든 항목에 대해 0.9 또는 1.0으로 매우 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 역량 개발 연구 및 미래 사회대비 교사의 역량 제고와 관련한 시사점을 논의하였다. In the upcoming future, it is expected that roles of schools and teachers will change significantly from the present. In this research, competency modeling is carried out to elucidate the competences to execute the role of teacher as experts of teaching skills changed in the future education, and teaching competences and its behavioral indicators for future teachers were derived. For this reason, through the analysis of the literature, we referred to the foundation of teaching competence based on the prospects for future school and teacher's role change. We also organized 13 processors and doctors and 8 teachers into two expert groups and interviewed focus groups all five times in the process of developing competences and behavioral indicators, conducted delphi surveys and verified the validity of the competency modeling results. The main research results are as follows. First of all, teacher competences were divided into two categories, ‘constant competences’ and ‘accentuated competences’, one of which carries the essence of teacher competence that would not change over time and the other which is more likely to be affected by the change of certain social conditions. Secondly, 14 competences and 32 behavioral indicators are derived for the four competence groups based on foundation of teaching skills, designing skills, practicing skills and evaluating skills for the teaching. A Content Validity Ration(CVR) was found to be very good at 0.9 to 1.0 for all items. Based on the research results, we discussed suggestions related to competence development research and improvement of competence of teachers in the future school.

학교교육에서의 AI 활용 탐색

홍선주 ( Sunjoo Hong ),김현진 ( Hyeonjin Kim ),박연정 ( Yeonjeong Park ) 한국교육정보미디어학회 2021 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.27 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 현재 교육 분야에 적용된 AI 활용 사례를 살펴보고, AI의 기술 발달을 고려하여 미래의 학교 교육 맥락에서 AI 활용의 잠재성과 필요한 제반 사항에 대해 탐구하는 것이다. 현재 사용되고 있는 AI 활용 교육 사례는 크게 ‘교사 없이 독립적으로 교수 기능을 수행’하는 형태와 ‘교사를 보조하는 형태’로 나뉜다. 이를 토대로 현재의 사례를 포함하되 아직 기술이 구현되지 않은 미래의 관점에서 학교 교육에 AI가 어떻게 적용될지 문헌 및 전문가 그룹의 의견을 분석하였다. 그 결과 ADDIE 모델의 하위 영역에 따라 AI 기술의 활용 가능성을 정리하고, AI 기반의 플랫폼 서비스에 초점을 둔 미래 교수·학습 활용 방안을 제시하였다. 먼저, AI 플랫폼은 학생을 위한 보조교사로서의 역할을 수행 하는데, 크게 개별 학생의 자기주도적 학습을 지원, 협력 학습을 촉진하는 역할을 한다. 다음, 교사의 인지적 파트너로서 AI 플랫폼은 학생과 학습 활동에 대한 데이터의 수집과 분석, 교사의 교수설계에 관한 의사결정을 지원, 교수학습 실행을 지원하고, 학생과 수업에 대한 평가를 돕는 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 코로나 19상황으로 앞당겨진 가상 플랫폼의 활용이 학교교육의 맥락에서 어떻게 발전될 것인지에 대한 전망을 다룬다는 측면에서 의의가 있다. This study aims to examine the cases in which AI has been integrated into education and delve into AI’s potential for future school education and relevant requirements, given the AI-related technological progress. Currently, AI is being utilised in education with its major roles of tutoring without human teachers and supporting roles for human teachers’ tasks. Based on these roles, we analysed several research studies and experts’ insights to envision AI’s future path in school education while giving serious consideration to technologies that are yet to be developed. ADDIE(Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), as a macro model of instructional design, was chosen to encompass entire teaching and learning process and highlights the potentials of AI technology in each stage. This study led us to propose a prospective teaching-learning scheme that focuses on AI-based platform services. The AI-based platform can serve as an assistant teacher for students by mainly supporting individual student’s self-directed studies and facilitating collaborative learning. Additionally, the platform, working in cognitive partnership with human teachers, can collect and analyse data regarding students and their learning activities, support teachers’ decision-making on study plans, assist actual teaching and help evaluate classes’ and students’ performance. This study is significant in that it deals with how virtual platforms, widely introduced ahead of schedule due to the COVID-19 pandemic, will evolve in our school education system.

공교육정상화법의 성과와 한계를 통해 살펴본 공교육 정상화의 방향과 과제

홍선주(Hong, Sunjoo),이명진(Lee, Myung-Jin),최인선(Choi, Inseon) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2016 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.16 No.3

학교 현장의 선행교육 및 선행학습 유발 요인을 해소하기 위한 목적으로, 2014년 9월부터 공교육 정상화 촉진 및 선행교육 규제에 관한 특별법(이하 공교육정상화법) 이 시행되고 있다. 본고는 공교육정상화법의 시행이 1년을 갓 넘긴 시점에서 법의 적용에 따른 교육 현장의 긍정적 변화와 법의 한계를 살펴보고, 공교육 정상화 정책의 개선 방향과 향후 과제를 모색하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 현장에서 법이 실효성 있게 적용되고 있는지, 현장에는 어떠한 변화가 있는지를 공교육정상화법 혹은 공교육 정상화를 주제로 진행되었던 각종 포럼 및 토론회 자료집과 언론매체에서 논의된 내용들을 통해 살펴보았다. 그리고 이러한 실태를 바탕으로 법 적용으로 인해 발생한 현장의 쟁점들을 확인하고, 이 법의 한계와 개선 방안에 대해 논의 하였다. 마지막으로, 국가교육과정 운영, 대학입시제도, 수능 등으로 쟁점이 많이 발생하고 법 적용의 가장 직접적 영향을 받고 있는 고등학교를 중심으로, ‘규제’나 ‘제한’에서 나아가 현장의 변화와 지원을 이끌어낼 수 있는 공교육 정상화의 방향과 과제를 제시하였다. Special law for promotion on normalization of public education and regulation of preceding education has been implemented in Korea since September 2014. This law was enacted with the purpose of preventing preceding education in public education. In this study, first, we examined what was reported as the positive effects and limits of this law so far. For this purpose, we inspected closely whether this law has applied effectively in schools and what changes have occurred in schools. Based on the findings, we addressed issues, limits and improvement plans of this law. Seond, we proposed further directions and tasks for improvement in public education.

국내에서 분리된 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase 생성 Escherichia coli와 Klebsiella pneumoniae의 빈도 및 유형

홍성근,김선주,정성훈,장철훈,조성란,안지영,신종희,이혜수,송원근,어영,염종화,용동은,이경원,정윤섭 대한임상미샐물학회 2003 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.6 No.2

Nuclear UPF1 Is Associated with Chromatin for Transcription-Coupled RNA Surveillance

Hong, Dawon,Park, Taeyoung,Jeong, Sunjoo Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.7

mRNA quality is controlled by multiple RNA surveillance machineries to reduce errors during gene expression processes in eukaryotic cells. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a well-characterized mechanism that degrades error-containing transcripts during translation. The ATP-dependent RNA helicase up-frameshift 1 (UPF1) is a key player in NMD that is mostly prevalent in the cytoplasm. However, recent studies on UPF1-RNA interaction suggest more comprehensive roles of UPF1 on diverse forms of target transcripts. Here we used subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence to understand such complex functions of UPF1. We demonstrated that UPF1 can be localized to the nucleus and predominantly associated with the chromatin. Moreover, we showed that UPF1 associates more strongly with the chromatin when the transcription elongation and translation inhibitors were used. These findings suggest a novel role of UPF1 in transcription elongation-coupled RNA machinery in the chromatin, as well as in translation-coupled NMD in the cytoplasm. Thus, we propose that cytoplasmic UPF1-centric RNA surveillance mechanism could be extended further up to the chromatin-associated UPF1 and co-transcriptional RNA surveillance. Our findings could provide the mechanistic insights on extensive regulatory roles of UPF1 for many cellular RNAs.

Clinical outcomes of gastric cancer surgery after liver transplantation

Sunjoo Kim,Hyuk-Joon Lee,Fadhel Alzahrani,Jeesun Kim,Sa-Hong Kim,Sara Kim,Yo-Seok Cho,Ji-Hyeon Park,Jeong-Moo Lee,Seong-Ho Kong,Do Joong Park,Kyung-Suk Suh,Han-Kwang Yang 대한외과학회 2023 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.104 No.2

Purpose: De novo malignancy is common after liver transplantation (LT); however, there are limited reports on the clinical outcomes of gastric cancer surgery after LT. Our study aimed to investigate the feasibility and safety of gastric cancer surgery after LT. Methods: Seventeen patients underwent gastric cancer surgery after LT at a single institution between January 2013 and June 2021. We retrospectively collected data on surgical complications, survival, and recurrence status of these cases. Results: Fifteen patients (88.2%) underwent curative gastrectomy, with 10 open distal (66.7%) and 5 laparoscopic distal (33.3%) gastrectomies. Surgical and severe complication rates were 3 of 15 (20.0%) and 1 of 15 (6.7%), respectively. There were no significant differences between laparoscopic (33.3%) and open surgery (66.7%) in terms of operation time and complication rate. No surgery-related mortalities occurred. Immunosuppressants could be maintained without difficulty, and no suspicious acute rejection was identified during the perioperative period. There was 1 recurrence after curative surgery (recurrence rate, 6.7%), and the 5-year cancer-specific survival rate after curative surgery was 93.3%. Conclusion: Laparoscopic gastrectomy can be safely done even after LT in terms of postoperative complications and graft safety.

Clusterin Modulates Allergic Airway Inflammation by Attenuating CCL20-Mediated Dendritic Cell Recruitment

Hong, Gyong Hwa,Kwon, Hyouk-Soo,Moon, Keun-Ai,Park, So Young,Park, Sunjoo,Lee, Kyoung Young,Ha, Eun Hee,Kim, Tae-Bum,Moon, Hee-Bom,Lee, Heung Kyu,Cho, You Sook American Association of Immunologists 2016 Journal of Immunology Vol. No.

<P>Recruitment and activation of dendritic cells (DCs) in the lungs are critical for Th2 responses in asthma, and CCL20 secreted from bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) is known to influence the recruitment of DCs. Because asthma is a disease that is closely associated with oxidative stress, we hypothesized that clusterin, an oxidative stress regulatory molecule, may have a role in the development of allergic airway inflammation. The aim of this study was to examine whether clusterin regulates CCL20 production from the BECs and the subsequent DC recruitment in the lungs. To verify the idea, clusterin knockout (Clu(-/-)), clusterin heterogeneous (Clu(+/-)), and wild-type mice were exposed intranasally to house dust mite (HDM) extract to induce allergic airway inflammation. We found that the total number of immune cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the lung was increased in Clu(-/-) and Clu(+/-) mice. Of these immune cells, inflammatory DCs (CD11b(+)CD11c(+)) and Ly6C(high) monocyte populations in the lung were significantly increased, which was accompanied by increased levels of various chemokines, including CCL20 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and increased oxidative stress markers in the lung. Moreover, HDM-stimulated human BECs with either up- or downregulated clusterin expression showed that CCL20 secretion was negatively associated with clusterin expression. Interestingly, clusterin also reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, which is related to induction of CCL20 expression after HDM stimulation. Thus, the antioxidant property of clusterin is suggested to regulate the expression of CCL20 in BECs and the subsequent recruitment of inflammatory DCs in the airway.</P>