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A Distinction between Business Groups and Conglomerates : The Limited Liability Effect
Sunae Lee,S. Hun Seog 한국재무학회 2008 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.05
A subsidiary of a business group is a legal entity which can raise its own external fund with limited liability while a division of a conglomerate is not. In spite of the difference between business groups and conglomerates, prior studies often focus on conglomerates or do not clearly distinguish them. We directly compare business groups and conglomerates, especially in investment strategies and firm values. Because of the limited liability, a business group is likely to choose a risky project more than a conglomerate and that strategy brings a payoff advantage to a business group when the success probability is high. Our model also considers tunneling of business groups and the portfolio of matching single firms. While the participant of newshareholders and the firm value of a business group decreases with tunneling, when the success probability is low the group value can be higher than the matching single firms.
Lee, Myoung-Jae,Park, Gyeong-Su,Seo, David H.,Kwon, Sung Min,Lee, Hyeon-Jun,Kim, June-Seo,Jung, MinKyung,You, Chun-Yeol,Lee, Hyangsook,Kim, Hee-Goo,Pang, Su-Been,Seo, Sunae,Hwang, Hyunsang,Park, Sung American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.35
<P>Transition metal oxide-based memristors have widely been proposed for applications toward artificial synapses. In general, memristors have two or more electrically switchable stable resistance states that device researchers see as an analogue to the ion channels found in biological synapses. The mechanism behind resistive switching in metal oxides has been divided into electrochemical metallization models and valence change models. The stability of the resistance states in the memristor vary widely depending on: oxide material, electrode material, deposition conditions, film thickness, and programming conditions. So far, it has been extremely challenging to obtain reliable memristors with more than two stable multivalued states along with endurances greater than ∼1000 cycles for each of those states. Using an oxygen plasma-assisted sputter deposition method of noble metal electrodes, we found that the metal-oxide interface could be deposited with substantially lower interface roughness observable at the nanometer scale. This markedly improved device reliability and function, allowing for a demonstration of memristors with four completely distinct levels from ∼6 × 10<SUP>-6</SUP> to ∼4 × 10<SUP>-8</SUP> S that were tested up to 10<SUP>4</SUP> cycles per level. Furthermore through a unique in situ transmission electron microscopy study, we were able to verify a redox reaction-type model to be dominant in our samples, leading to the higher degree of electrical state controllability. For solid-state synapse applications, the improvements to electrical properties will lead to simple device structures, with an overall power and area reduction of at least 1000 times when compared to SRAM.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Investigation of Organic Light-emitting Diodes with Novel Organic Electron Injection Layers
Sunae Lee,Kunjithapatham Sethuraman,안종덕,임찬,Bo Seon Hwang 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.60 No.5
1-(diphenyl-phosphinoyl)-4-(2,2-diphenyl-vinyl)-benzene (DpDvB) and 4-(diphenyl-phosphinoyl)-40-(2,2-diphenyl-vinyl)-biphenyl (DpDvBp) have been prepared and used as efficient electron injection layers (EILs) between aluminum cathode and tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum organic light emitting diodes (OLED). The performances of devices with different thicknesses of DpDvB and DpDvBp were investigated. Experimental results show that the turn-on voltage of the devices was decreased and the luminance of the devices was enhanced with increasing thickness of the EILs. Power efficiencies of 1.07 lm/W and 0.97 lm/W were obtained by inserting a 3-nm-thick EIL of DpDvB and a 5 nm thick EIL of DpDvBp, respectively. These efficiencies are comparable to that of the device using LiF as an EIL. The results prove that DpDvB and DpDvBp layers are also suitable for efficient EILs in OLEDs.
Lee, Sang Kyung,Kang, Chang Goo,Lee, Young Gon,Cho, Chunhum,Park, Eunji,Chung, Hyun Jong,Seo, Sunae,Lee, Hi-Deok,Lee, Byoung Hun Elsevier 2012 Carbon Vol.50 No.11
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Graphene based low noise amplifier has been studied actively because the noise characteristics of graphene devices are known to be superior to those of silicon devices. However, 1/<I>f</I> noise characteristics of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) may increase by an order of magnitude when measured before the charge exchange reaction at the interface of the graphene and substrate is saturated. Based on the close correlation between the level of low frequency noise signal and fast charge exchange reaction (in milliseconds), the conductivity fluctuation of graphene caused by the interfacial charge exchange reaction may be the source of the increased low frequency noise. This result suggests that the current assessment of noise characteristics is too optimistic for graphene and that the defect density of CVD graphene needs to be further reduced to minimize the charge exchange reaction.</P>
노인장기요양비용이 재가 노인의 삶의 질에 미치는 영향 분석
이선애(Lee, Sunae),허만세(Hoe, Mannse) 경북대학교 사회과학연구원 2020 사회과학 담론과 정책 Vol.13 No.1
본 연구의 목적은 노인장기요양비용이 재가 노인의 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 목적을 위하여 대구광역시와 경상북도 내에서 장기요양서비스를 이용하고 있는 장기요양등급 1∼4등급 수급 노인 220명을 대상으로 수집된 자료를 회귀분석을 하였다. 연구의 주된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 재가 노인의 장기요양 평균 총비용은 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 삶의 질 하위영역에서는 심리적 건강과 사회관계 및 경제 수준에서는 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 신체적, 물리적 환경에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 재가 노인의 생활비가 노인의 신체적, 심리적, 사회관계 및 경제 수준 그리고 물리적 환경에 모두 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 재가 노인의 요양인건비는 노인의 심리적 영역에는 영향을 미쳤으나, 신체적 건강, 사회관계 및 경제 수준과 물리적 환경에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통해 장기요양비용이 노인의 삶의 질을 향상할 수 있는 개입 기제임을 확인하였고, 생활비와 요양인건비가 노인의 신체적, 심리적 영역에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인임을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과가 재가 서비스로의 확대정책에서 노인의 삶의 질 향상을 위한 장기요양제도의 개선 및 보완에 필요한 보다 심층적인 후속 연구로 이어지길 기대한다. The purpose of the study is to find out how long-term care costs for the elderly affect the quality of life of the elderly at home. To research and analyze, 220 senior citizens with long-term care grades from 1 to 4 who are using long-term care services within Daegu Metropolitan City and Gyeongsangbuk-do were surveyed. The analysis results are as follows. First, it was shown that the average total cost of long-term care for the elderly at home affects the quality of life. It was found that psychological health and social relationships and economic levels were influenced, and physical and physical environments in the sub-area of quality of life were not affected. Second, it has been shown that the cost of living for the elderly at home affects all the physical, psychological, social, economic levels and the physical environment of the elderly. Third, it was found that while the medical personnel expenses of the elderly affected the psychological area of the elderly, it did not affect the physical health, social relations, economic level and the physical environment. Through these research results, it was confirmed that long-term care cost is the intervention mechanism that can improve the quality of life of the elderly, and that living expenses and medical care are important factors that affect the physical and psychological areas of the elderly. The results of this study are expected to be empirical basic data to be needed to improve and supplement the long-term care system for the improvement of the quality of life of the elderly in the expansionary policy.