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Joonhee Lee,Susie Cho,Do Eun Lee,Youngcheon Lim,Sanghyeon Kim,Kwnag Pum Lee,Young Ho Kim,Si Hyeock Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2023 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.10
The Varroa mite, Varroa destructor, a parasitic mite that afflicts honey bees, has become increasingly resistant to acaricides like fluvalinate due to its widespread use. The target site insensitivity mechanism, mediated by the L925V/M/I mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel, plays a major role in resistance. Additionally, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (Cyp450s) appear to function as a metabolic resistance factor; however, no Cyp450-mediated resistance mechanism has been reported to date. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize Cyp450s associated with fluvalinate resistance. A synergistic bioassay confirmed the involvement of Cyp450s in conferring tolerance or resistance to fluvalinate. Correlation analysis between mortality data and the expression levels of Cyp450 genes led to the identification of several candidates that may play a crucial role in fluvalinate resistance. Analysis of tissue distribution patterns revealed that these genes were most abundantly expressed in the cuticle and synganglion. This suggests that, despite their relatively low expression level, they may play a critical role in protecting the target site from fluvalinate due to its predominant expression in neuronal tissues. Functional analysis, in conjunction with baculovirus expression, demonstrated that fluvalinate has high inhibition rates against the recombinant candidate Cyp450s, suggestive of their strong interaction with fluvalinate. We discussed the potential utilization of their expression levels as a molecular marker for diagnosing metabolic resistance in field-collected Varroa mites.
Positivity of line bundles on general blow-ups of abelian surfaces
Lee, Sanghyeon,Shin, Jaesun Elsevier 2019 Journal of algebra Vol.524 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Let ( S , <SUB> L S </SUB> ) be a polarized abelian surface, and let M = c ⋅ <SUP> π ⁎ </SUP> <SUB> L S </SUB> − α ⋅ ∑ i = 1 r <SUB> E i </SUB> be a line bundle on <SUB> Bl r </SUB> ( S ) , where π : <SUB> Bl r </SUB> ( S ) → S is the blow-up of <I>S</I> at <I>r</I> general points with exceptional divisors <SUB> E 1 </SUB> , … , <SUB> E r </SUB> . In this paper, we provide a criterion for <I>k</I>-very ampleness of <I>M</I>. Also, we deal with the case when <I>S</I> is an arbitrary surface of Picard number one with a numerically trivial canonical divisor.</P>
Sanghyeon Lee,In Park,Min-Su Kim,In-Woo Kim,Sang-Jin Shin 대한견주관절의학회 2021 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.3
Introduction and Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with symptomatic failed rotator cuff repair who required revision surgeries and to identify clinical and radiological factors related to the need for revision surgery. Material and Method Ninety-eight patients who were diagnosed with rotator cuff retear within 2 years after primary arthroscopic surgery were included. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who underwent revision surgery within 2 years postoperatively (44 patients, group I) and patients who did not require additional treatment due to minimal discomfort during the same period (54 patients, group II). Demographic and radiographic factors related to cuff healing were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate factors related to revision surgery. Results Group I showed significantly inferior clinical outcomes at the time of revision compared to group II (ASES; 54.0±12.1 vs. 86.5±12.2, Constant; 65.2±10.8 vs. 84.0±11.4, P<0.001). Total cholesterol level (210.2±40.0 vs. 189.7±39.1, P=0.012), LDL level (130.7±28.7 vs. 115.5±26.9, P=0.008), and fatty infiltration of the infraspinatus (20.5% vs. 3.7%, P=0.011) were significantly higher in group I than in group II. In postoperative MRI, retear of the infraspinatus tendon occurred significantly more frequently in group I (81.8%) than in group II (37.0%, P<0.001). In group I, relative changes in anteroposterior (AP) (19.2±37.8) and mediolateral (ML) retear size (29.6±90.7) were significantly greater than in group II (AP; -39.5±19.2, ML; -29.2±26.8, P<0.001). Relative change in AP retear size was the most powerful independent predictor of symptomatic failed rotator cuff repair (OR; 1.19, CI; 1.08-1.31, P<0.001). Conclusions Preoperative serum total cholesterol level, LDL level, and fatty infiltration of the infraspinatus were significantly related to symptomatic failed rotator cuff repair. Relative change in AP retear size was the most powerful independent predictor of symptomatic failed rotator cuff repair.
Three-dimensional Printing of Silver Microarchitectures Using Newtonian Nanoparticle Inks
Lee, Sanghyeon,Kim, Jung Hyun,Wajahat, Muhammad,Jeong, Hwakyung,Chang, Won Suk,Cho, Sung Ho,Kim, Ji Tae,Seol, Seung Kwon American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.22
<P>Although three-dimensional (3D) printing has recently emerged as a technology to potentially bring about the next industrial revolution, the limited selection of usable materials restricts its use to simple prototyping. In particular, metallic 3D printing with submicrometer spatial resolution is essential for the realization of 3D-printed electronics. Herein, a meniscus-guided 3D printing method that exploits a low-viscosity (similar to 7 mPa.s) silver nanoparticle (AgNP) ink meniscus with Newtonian fluid characteriftics (which is compatible with conventional inkjet printers) to fabricate 3D silver microarchitectures is reported. Poly(acrylic acid)-capped AgNP ink that exhibits a continuous ink flow through a confined nozzle without aggregation is designed in this study. Guiding the ink meniscus with controlled direction and speed enables both vertical pulling and layer-by-layer processing, resulting in the creation of 3D microobjects with designed shapes other than those for simple wiring. Various highly conductive (>10(4) S.cm(-1)) 3D metallic patterns are demonstrated for applications in electronic devices. This research 18 expected to widen the range of Materials that can be employed in 3D printing technology, with the aim of moving 3D printing beyond prototyping and into real manufacturing platforms for future electronics.</P>
Lee, Youngjin,Kim, Byoung Sik,Choi, Sanghyeon,Lee, Eun-Young,Park, Shinhye,Hwang, Jungwon,Kwon, Yumi,Hyun, Jaekyung,Lee, Cheolju,Kim, Jihyun F.,Eom, Soo Hyun,Kim, Myung Hee National Academy of Sciences 2019 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol.116 No.36
<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>MARTX toxins present across multiple bacterial genera are primary virulence factors that facilitate initial colonization, dissemination, and lethality in a wide range of hosts, including humans. Upon entry into host cells, the toxins undergo a processing event to release their disease-related modularly structured effector domains. However, the mechanisms underlying processing and activation of diverse effector domains within the toxins remain unclear. Here, we use biochemical and structural biological approaches, in combination with cellular microbiological experiments, to demonstrate how Makes caterpillars floppy-like effector (MCF) or its homolog-containing MARTX toxins process effector modules and fully activate effectors. MCF-containing toxins target ADP-ribosylation factor proteins ubiquitously expressed in cells to activate and disseminate effectors across subcellular compartments simultaneously, eventually leading to systemic pathogenicity.</P><P>Upon invading target cells, multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxins secreted by bacterial pathogens release their disease-related modularly structured effector domains. However, it is unclear how a diverse repertoire of effector domains within these toxins are processed and activated. Here, we report that Makes caterpillars floppy-like effector (MCF)-containing MARTX toxins require ubiquitous ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) proteins for processing and activation of intermediate effector modules, which localize in different subcellular compartments following limited processing of holo effector modules by the internal cysteine protease. Effector domains structured tandemly with MCF in intermediate modules become disengaged and fully activated by MCF, which aggressively interacts with ARF proteins present at the same location as intermediate modules and is converted allosterically into a catalytically competent protease. MCF-mediated effector processing leads ultimately to severe virulence in mice via an MCF-mediated ARF switching mechanism across subcellular compartments. This work provides insight into how bacteria take advantage of host systems to induce systemic pathogenicity.</P>
Lee, DongSoo,Lee, Juri,Park, Hyung-Gu,Choi, JinWook,Park, SangHyeon,Kim, InSeong,Pu, YoungGun,Kim, JaeYoung,Hwang, Keum Cheol,Yang, Youngoo,Seo, Munkyo,Lee, Kang-Yoon The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2016 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.16 No.1
This paper presents a wide-frequency-range, low-power transceiver with an automatic impedance-matching calibration for TV-white-space (TVWS) application. The wide-range automatic impedance matching calibration (AIMC) is proposed for the Drive Amplifier (DA) and LNA. The optimal $S_{22}$ and $S_{11}$ matching capacitances are selected in the DA and LNA, respectively. Also, the Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) switch is integrated to share the antenna and matching network between the transmitter and receiver, thereby minimizing the systemic cost. An N-path filter is proposed to reject the large interferers in the TVWS frequency band. The current-driven mixer with a 25% duty LO generator is designed to achieve the high-gain and low-noise figures; also, the frequency synthesizer is designed to generate the wide-range LO signals, and it is used to implement the FSK modulation with a programmable loop bandwidth for multi-rate communication. The TVWS transceiver is implemented in $0.13{\mu}m$, 1-poly, 6-metal CMOS technology. The die area of the transceiver is $4mm{\times}3mm$. The power consumption levels of the transmitter and receiver are 64.35 mW and 39.8 mW, respectively, when the output-power level of the transmitter is +10 dBm at a supply voltage of 3.3 V. The phase noise of the PLL output at Band 2 is -128.3 dBc/Hz with a 1 MHz offset.