병원과 지역사회에서 메티실린 내성 황색 포도상구균(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) 감염의 임상 분자역학 연구

박정원,이종섭,송준영,김철현,엄중식,정희진,김우주,박승철 대한화학요법학회 2002 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.20 No.2

목적 : 국내에서 1990년대 이후 중요한 병원균으로 대두되고 있는 methicillin-resistant S. ureus(MRSA)는 주로 입원환자에서만 분리되는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 최근들어 지역사회에서도 퍼져있는 것으로 알려지기 시작하였다. 이에 병원획득 및 지역사회획득 MRSA의 임상역학 및 분자역학적 연구를 통하여 획득요인, 병원과 지역사회 획득 균주간의 교류 양상등을 규명하고자 하였다. 방법 : 1998년 1월부터 12월까지 고려대 부속 구로병원에서 임상검체로부터 분리된 S. aureus 균주중에서 MRSA 균주의 빈도를 구하였고, 이중 1998년 10월 1개월 동안 분리되었던 42균주에 대하여 지역사회획득 균주와 병원획득 균주로 나누고, 임상역학적 조사를 하였다. 지역사회 획득 18주와 병원획득 22주에 대하여 PCR 방법으로 mecA 유전자를 확인하였고, PFGE를 시행하여 균주의 클론형(clonal type)을 결정하고 이 결과에 준하여 덴드로그램 분석을 시행하여 분자적 친밀도를 결정하였다. 결과 : 1998년 1년간 분리된 총 1,587주의 S. aeureus 균주중 73.8%(1,163주)가 MRSA 였다. 1998년 10월 1개월 동안 임상자료의 고찰이 가능하였던 MRSA 감염환자 42명 중 20명이 지역사회획득 환자였고, 병원획득 환자가 지역사회획득 환자보다 항생제사용 과거력(17 vs 5, p=0.001), 기저질환의 존재(18 vs 8, p=0.002) 등이 통계적으로 의미있게 높았다. 지역사회획득환자가 이루(7/20[35.0%] vs 2/22[9.1%] ; p=0.041)와 밀접한 관계가 있음도 확인하였다. 분자생물학적연구가 진행된 40주의 MRSA 균주는 모두 mecA 유전자 양성이었고, 18주의 지역사회획득 균주에서 총 8가지의 PFGE 클론형이 존재하였으며 A형이 가장 많았다(7/18, 38.8%). 22주의 병원획득균주에서는 6가지의 클론형이 존재하고 A형이 가장 많았으며(15/22, 68%), 15주의 지역사회획득 균주(83.3%)가 21주의 병원획득균주와 공통적인 클론형을 공유하고 있었다. 결론 : 지역사회 획득 MRSA는 주로 이루나 창상부위에서 많이 분리되는 반면 병원획득 MRSA는 객담에서 많이 분리되고 또한 당뇨병을 가진 환자에서 감염을 잘 일으키는 것으로 밝혀졌다. PFGE 분석 결과 원내감염은 단일균주에 의한 유행양상을 보였고, 지역사회에서도 같은 형의 균주에 의한 감염빈도가 가장 높음을 보여 MRSA 균주가 지역사회로 유입되어 지역사회내 MRSA 감염의 발생에 기여했을 것으로 사료된다. Background : Until recently, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has been acquired primarily in hospital settings. During the late 1990s, the incidence of community-acquired MRSA infections has been increased in this university hospital. This retrospective study evaluated the clinical features and risk factors for community-acquired MRSA infection compared with hospital-acquired MRSA infection; and molecular relatedness of MRSA strains determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE). Method: MRSA isolates collected from patients during October of 1998 were classified as community-acquired("community') or hospital-acquired("hospital") cases. MRSA infections were defined as hospital-acquired if organisms were isolated > 48 hours after admission to the hospital or isolated from patients with a history of admission to a hospital within the last 3 months. A comparative analysis of risk factors for community MRSA compared with hospital MRSA was performed. mecA gene PCR and PFGE of MRSA isolated was used as a tool of strain identification and molecular typing. Result : During one month, there were 42 patients with MRSA infection or colonization. Of 42 patients with MRSA isolates, 22(52%) were hospital cases and 20(48%) were community cases. Previous exposure to antibiotics(17 vs 5, p = 0.001) and presence of underlying diseases (18 vs 8, p = 0.002) were more common in hospital cases than in community cases. MRSA were more frequently isolated in otorrhea specimens from patients with otitis media in community cases compared with hospital cases. Of the 40 MRSA isolates subjected for PFGE typing, 18 were community isolates and 22 were hospital isolates. There were 8 distinct PFGE types among the 18 community isolates and type A was the most common clonal type (7/18, 38.8%). 22 hospital isolates were of 6 distinct PFGE types, and type A was dominant clonal type (15/22, 68%). PGFE subtyping indicated that 15(83.3%) of 18 community MRSA strains were clonally related with that of 21 hospital MRSA strains. Conclusion : Our results suggest that hospital MRSA strains may have disseminated in the community setting. PFGE subtyping support the finding that MRSA is circulating beyond nosocomial settings in the regional community.

육우 햄에 대한 소비자 선호 분석

박종섭, 최양일, 공기서, 여순식 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2012 農業科學硏究 Vol.28 No.3

The purpose of this study is to estimate the implicit prices and consumers’ preference by attributes on Korean beef cattle ham using choice experiments. Main attributes are the country of origin, non-antibiotic certification, HACCP certification, addition of Korean agricultural products and use of natural colors. The implicit prices of each attribute and level for country of origin are estimated as KRW 919.0 for Korean pork, KRW 2,173. for imported beef and KRW 5,232.9 for Korean cattle beef. The other estimated implicit prices are KRW1,762.9 for non-antibiotic certification, KRW 577.5 for HACCP certification, KRW 57.9 for addition of Korean agricultural products and finally, KRW 572.9 for use of natural colors. This study is expected to contribute to the decision-making process of Korean beef cattle farmers by providing useful quantitative information on attributes and price that are related to consumers’ preference on Korean beef cattle ham.

農業資本의 配分과 農家財務管理의 評價指標에 관한 考察

朴鐘燮 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1986 農業科學硏究 Vol.4 No.-

Aricultural credit can contribute to the improvement of net income of a farm business by helping to create an adequate size, increase efficiency, adjust to changing technology and prices, meet seasonal fluctuations in income and expenses, protect the farm adverse conditions through maintenance of a credit reserve, and provide business continuity. In recent years, technological revolution has brought about several significant changes in the structure of agriculture. The substitution of physical capital for labor and the increased use of purchased inputs has created a need for substantially more funds both in the aggregate and in a per farm basis. Over time, in spite of increasing fund demand, profit margins in agriculture have been declining steadily, so farmers have become in creasingly dependent on outside sources of fund. That has weighted interest burdens for farms. Specially, because the rate of interest charged on loans depends on following factors the lenders cost of fund; the default risk and market risk involved in the loans; loan serving costs; and inflation, which causes the real rate of interest to be less than the nomial rate the interest burdens of farms are very serious. Therefore in order to continue efficient farm management through agricultural capital formation, it is necessary that farms should increase productivity of agriculture and farm household savings. In addition, at the policy level, it is necessary to raise the rate of agricultural growth and real income within the agricultural sector to reduce the usurious farm liabilities.

포도 브랜드 자산의 가치창출 전략

박종섭 충북대학교 연초연구소 2008 煙草硏究 Vol.21 No.-

-본문참고-

저장유통 조건에 따른 1.000 mL 카톤팩의 벌지현상

박종대,정관섭 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2003 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.10 No.3

저장온도에 따른 1,000 mL 카톤팩의 벌지를 측정하기 위하여 원지 board의 물성을 측정하고, 저장온도에 따라 벌지를 측정하였다. 카톤팩 원지의 함수율은 5.6~7.0%, stiffness는 MD(machine direction) 방향이 243.3~266.7 g/㎝, CD(cross direction) 방향이 99.2~109.2 g/㎝ 였다. 카톤팩 낱장의 중량은 29.17~31.26 g이었다. 6℃에 저장하면서 벌지를 측정한 결과, 저장 7일 후 6.33~6.93 ㎜였다. 10℃에 저장하면서 벌지를 측정한 결과, 저장 7일 후 7.26~8.56 ㎜였다. 10℃에 저장하면서 매일 1시간씩 상온 shock 처리 후 벌지를 측정한 결과, 저장 7일 후 8.66 ㎜였다. 저장온도 조건에 따른 카톤팩의 벌지는 6℃<10℃<10℃+상온 shock 순으로 증가하였다. 따라서 벌지 예방의 최선책은 원지 및 카톤팩의 보관 및 관리 철저, 그리고 충전 후 냉장유통 과정에서 온도변화를 적게 해주는 것이라고 사료되며 본 실험결과가 카톤팩 벌지에 대한 최초의 연구보고라 생각된다. This study was carried out to obtain physical characteristics of paper board and to measure bulge of 1,000 mL carton pak by different storage conditions. Water holding capacity of paper boards were mean of 5.6∼7.0%, stiffness of machine direction(MD) was 243.3∼266.7 g/㎝ and cross direction(CD) was 99.2∼109.2 g/㎝, respectively. The weight of 1,000 mL carton pak were in the range of 9.71∼31.26 g. The bulge of carton paks were 6.33∼6.93 ㎜ after 7 days at 6℃ storage, 7.26∼8.56 ㎜ after 7 days at 10℃ and was 8.66 ㎜ after 7 days at 10℃ treated with 1 hour heat shock per day, respectively. According to this result, the bulge length of 1,000 mL carton pak was showed increased pattern upon increasing the storage temperature and the order was 6℃ < 10℃ < 10℃ + heat shock. To prevent bulge occurrence, it was thought to control storage temperature and humidity of paper board or carton pak and to minimize their shock on cold chain system after filling process.

현역 군인 발생을 중심으로 본 2000년도 국내 삼일열 말라리아 발생 현황

박재원,김영아,염준섭,유정식,양병국,채종일 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.4

Background : Since 1997, the annual case occurrence of vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea have exceeded 1,000 cases since 1997. The military is thought to be an important source of the current outbreak. We collected various informations about malaria cases (soldiers, veterans and civilians) which occurred in 2000, and analyzed the characteristics of the current outbreak. Methods : Informations about malaria cases of soldiers, veterans and civilians, including name, age, sex, day of onset, region, etc., were collected through the National Institute of Health. Results : Out of total 4,141 cases, 1,288 (31.1%) occurred in the military, 1,273 (30.7%) occurred among the veterans, and 1,580 (38.2%) occurred among civilians. The monthly case occurrence reached its peak in early August. Areas such as Cheolwon, Yeoncheon and Paju showed the highest prevalence. Conclusion : It is considered that the current malaria outbreak has escaped from the exponential growth phase, however, more attention should be paid to prevent further spreading of malaria infection. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:280∼284, 2001)

政府支出과 租稅收入間 因果分析 : 오차수정모형의 응용

박종섭 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1996 農業科學硏究 Vol.13 No.-

This paper applies cointegration and error-correction models to test the causal relation between government expenditures and tax revenues in Korea over the period 1953-1995. These econometric techniques have recently gained attention in empirical research not only for simplicity and relevance in analysing time-series data but also for ensuring stationary and providing additional channels through which Granger causality could emerge if two variables are cointegrated. We performed the unit root tests in levels and first differences. The levels of tax revenue and government expenditure variables are non-stationary, but the first differences of that variables are stationary indicating that these variables are in fact integrated of order one, I(1) . We performed Engle Granger cointegration tests by estimating the cointegrating equation in order to obtain the residuals used in the error-correction models. We are interesting to see what causes what, that is, the direction of causality between tax revenues and government expenditures. The empirical results obtained from the error-correction models indicate that causality runs from government expenditures to tax revenues. This is based on the significance of the error-correction coefficient, η. The results imply that higher government expenditures would lead to higher tax revenues.

煙草耕作의 構造改善과 經營合理化 方案

박종섭 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1996 農業科學硏究 Vol.13 No.-

In Korea, leaf tobacco farming has been carried out principal role in agricultural production and management. However, the production of leaf tobacco has been faced with crisis in proportion as decreases of agricultural labor and opening of world tobacco market. Therefore, to strengthen the competitive power in price and quality, it is necessary that we should be improved agricultural structure through mechanization and cost reduction in leaf tobacco farming. The principal objective of this study is to find out the strategies of mechanization and the directions for rationalization of management in leaf tobacco farming. The results obtained from this study were summaryzed as follows. 1. Size of cultivation land per farm household in leaf tobacco farming has been rapidly enlarged in according as the decrease of farms. 2. The principal points of mechanization in leaf tobacco farming are to decrease machinery utilization cost, increase production, and save labor. To increase physical and economic efficiencies of machinery utilization in leaf tobacco farming, it is necessary to enlarge farm size through centralization of production districts. 3. The rising production cost of leaf tobacco was largely affected by exogenous factors. 4. According to calculation results, the substitution effect between machinery and labor cost was trivial. 5. Rising rate of real price of leaf tobacco by the KTGC's purchasing was higher than that of real production cost. 6. The alternatives of structural improvement in leaf tobacco farming were as follows.; (1) attainment of economy of scale through centralization of production districts (2) improvement of cultivation method to promote productivity (3) stable maintenance of leaf tobacco farmers. (4) transformation of price policy into cost reduction policy

條件不利地域에 대한 農地保全政策의 妥當性 分析

朴鍾燮 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1999 煙草硏究 Vol.17 No.-

Two directions of agricultural policy reform in UR-WTO system are (1) to expand the free trade among the countries by reducing the domestic and export subsidies, and (2) to permit the direct payment by means of the agricultural producer support. The principal objective of this study is to find out the economic analysis on farmland conservation policy in mountainous and less favoured areas of Korea. The specific purposes of the study are (1) to compare the policies among the developed agricultural countries, (2) to analyze the economic background of incentive policy, (3) to investigate the conservation policy and the utilization program on farmland in mountainous and less favoured areas. The results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows. (1) The developed agricultural countries, such as EU, Austria, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and so on have been carried out the various direct payment program in mountainous and less favoured areas. (2) The direct payment in mountainous and less favoured areas of Korea should be strengthened for the conservation and utilization of farmland. (3) In order to promote the direct payment program in mountainous and less favoured areas, the accurate valuation on the multifunctionality of agriculture should be preceded. In addition, it is necessary that the importance of agriculture in people's life of future should be recognized by the nation. (4) In Korea, we must establish the farmland utilization program classified by Ri-Dong to conduct the direct payment system for farms in mountainous and less favoured areas.

원적외선 면상발열체를 이용한 하우스 난방 시스템의 경제성 분석

박종섭,한충수 충북대학교 연초연구소 2006 煙草硏究 Vol.20 No.-

The results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows. 1) The result comparing the economical efficiency of far infrared heating system and gasoline-burned warm air heating system shows that in case of growing a currant tomato and a green perilla on the 60 Pyeong-sized green house respectively, negative farm incomes are earned for all crops, Comparing the far infrared heating system with gasoline-burned warm air heating system, the far infrared heating system is relatively favored in terms of high gross revenue and low energy cost. 2) From the perspective of heating energy costs on an annual basis, the gasoline-burned warm air heating system is higher than far infrared heating system by 152 % and 150 % for a currant tomato and a green perilla respectively. 3) The result analysing the economical efficiency of far infrared heating' system depending on different scenarios indicates that if the rural electrical rates are lowered by more than 10 % and the market price is increased by more than 20 %, the far infrared heating system is economically efficient for growing a currant tomato. And if the market price is increased by 40 % and the tax-free oil price is decreased by 15 %, the gasoline-burned warm air heating system is economically efficient for growing a green perilla.