단무지 공장에서 발생한 질식 사고의 원인과 방사선학적 소견: 중례보고 및 가스분석 결과

박충기,김만구,김흥철,안범규,박만수,황우철,최철순,강익원 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1994 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.-

목 적:단무지 공장에서 질식사고를 일으켰던 가스의 종류를 알아내고, 이러한 가스중독의 방서선학적 소견을 소개하기 위하여 본 연구를 하였다. 대상 및 방법:단무지 공장에서 발생한 질식 사고자 3예중 생존자 1예를 대상으로 단순흥부X-선검사와 CT 소견을 분석하였으며, 가스의 종류를 알아내기 위하여 단무지를 유리병에 넣어 발생된 가스를 가스크로마토그래픽을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결 과:단무지 공장에서 발생한 질식사고자중 생존한 1명의 방사선학적 검사에서 신속히 호전되는 폐경결(consolidation)을 볼 수 있었으며 이는 폐부종의 소견임을 알 수 있었다. 협기성 상태에서 단무지를 담은 유리병의 상층부 가스를 실험 분석한 결과 이산화탄소, 에칠알코올이 다량으로 검출되었으나 독성가스는 주로 황화수소이였다. 결 론:단무지 공장의 질식 사고자에서 폐방사선학적 소견은 폐경결을 보이는 폐부증으로서 이는 실험을 통해 단무지에서 발생되는 유독가스인 황화수소 때문임을 입증하였다. Purpose: To identify the main toxic gas released from salted radish in rice bran(Dan-M-Ji) and to introduce the radiological findings of the patient who was exposed to the gas. Materials and Methods: Chest radiographs and CT scans of one survivor among three men who were exposed to the gas from Dan-Mu-Ji were reviewed. Gas obtained from the closed bottle containing Dan-Mu-Ji was analized by using the gas chromatography. Results: The radiographlc examinations of the survivor were suggestive of pulmonary edema with it's rapidly improving consolidations in both lung. The headapace gas within the bottle containing Dan-Mu-Ji was mainly composed with carbon dioxide, ethyl alcohol and hydrogen sulfide, of which hydrogen sulfide was considered the main toxic gas released. Conclusion: Under the anaerobic condition, Dan-Mu-Ji released toxic hydrogen sulfide. Inhalation of hydrogen sulfide might produce non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

산성강하물이 지표수의 산성화에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ : 현장 조사 A Field Study

김영관,이동석,김만구,우경식 한국지하수토양환경학회 1996 지하수토양환경 Vol.1 No.2

산성강하물이 단기간에 걸쳐 지표수의 산성화에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 1995년 6월부터 10월까지 외부오염원이 거의 없는 강원도 춘천시에 위치한 저수지를 선정하여 연구를 수행하였다. 연구지역 일대의 지질을 조사하고 산골짜기에서 저수지로 흐르는 작고 얕은 하천의 수질을 분석하였다. 강우량은 우량계를 이용하여 측정하였고 강하물은 자동포집기를 이용하여 포집하였다. 연구기간동안의 강우의 pH범위는 3.81∼5.77로 평균 4.8을 나타내었으며 전기전도도 (EC)는 5∼189μS/㎝로 평균 10.6μS/㎝를 나타냈다. 음이온 중에서는 SO^2-_4의 강하량이 3,119.7 ㎏/㎦로 가장 많앗고, 양이온 중에서는 NH^4+가 1,053.2 ㎏/㎦로 가장 많았다. 지표수의 pH는 중성 또는 약염기성으로 강우의 pH가 산성이었음에도 지표수의 산성화 현상은 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 골짜기에서 흐르는 하천수를 측정할 때마다 측정지점의 고도가 낮아질 수록 pH 값은 증가하는 경향을 나타내어 물이 하류로 흘러가는 동안에 일어난 산성 또는 염기성물질로 인한 산염기반응의 영향을 보여주었다. 이 결과는 토양의 완충능력과 모암내에서의 중화능력을 각각 구별하여 조사할 필요성을 제시하였다. Effects of acid deposition on the acidification of surface water over a short term period were studied during june∼October, 1995. A reservoir located in Chunchon, Kangwondo was selected for this study because this reservoir had received little man-made pollutants. Gelolgical survey within the study area was carried out and the pH of a small and shallow stream flowing from the mountain valley down to the reservoir was monitored. Rainfall was measured by using a rain gauge and the precipitation was collected by automatic precipitation sampler. During the study period, rain pH was in the range of 3.81∼5.77 with an average of 4.8. The EC was in the range of 5∼189μS/㎝ with an average of 10.6μS/㎝. Ionic composition of the rainfall showed that, of the anions, deposition of SO^2-_4 was highest with 3,119.7 ㎏/㎦, and it was NH^4+ with 1,053.2 ㎏/㎦ for cations. The surface water pHs were maintained neutral or weak basic, representing little evidence of acidification regardless of the acidic rainfall pH. Every time of sampling, however, the pHs exhibited increasing tendency as elevation of measuring site of the stream became lowered, which indicated the impacts of acid-base reactions by acidic or basic substances during travel of water downstream. This result suggested the necessity of further research to determine the respective buffering capacity of soil and underlying rocks.

2단열분해/저온농축-기체크로마토그래피/질량검출기를 이용한 식품포장용 필름에서 방출되는 환경호르몬의 분석

김만구,남성현,권영진 강원대학교 환경연구소 2004 Journal of the Environment Vol.1 No.-

The aim of this study was demonstrate of the technique to simultaneous determination of the polymer and additives from several food wraps. Temperature programming double shot pyrolyser and GC/MS were utilized in evolved gas analysis of samples. The major organic compounds emitted from PVC food wrap were additives of tetramethylbuthylphenol, nonylphenol, DOA and epoxidized soybean oil which were emitted between 120℃ and 240℃. Hydrochloric acid was major compounds between 24 0℃ and 320℃ which was degradation of PVC chain. Over than 320℃, PVC cardon chain was start to degrade where typical pyrogram of PVC was observed. PE wrap without any additives was showed typical pyrograms of polymer itself over than 320℃. Thermal extraction with 100℃ of PVC food wrap, which is a temperature of actually used conditions, could observed C9~C12, epoxide soybean oil, DOA, alkyl phenols.

휴대용 기체 크로마토그래픽/광이온화 검출기 시스템의 개발

金萬九,沈智姬,이용근 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1994 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.-

기체시료 채취기와 짧은 모세관 컬럼(내경 0.3mm, 길이 3m), 광이온화 검출기 및 진공림프로 구성되어, 컬럼의 출구 압력이 대기압보다 낮은 압력에서 조작되는 휴대용 기채 크로마토그래피 시스템을 개발하였다. 컬럼의 규격은 Golay식을 이용한 계산 결과를 기초로 선택하였으며, 조작압력비(컬럼입구와 출구압력비)는 1.03-1.2의 범위가 적절하였고, 이 조건에서 0.87-4.63 ㎖/min의 컬럼유량을 얻을 수 있었다. 구경이 다른 3개의 큐브로 구성된 기체시료 채취기는 자동으로 기체시료를 직접 컬럼에 빠른 속도로 반복하여 도입할 수 있으며 좋은 재현성율 나타내었다. 컬럼출구 압력이 대기압 이하에서 조작되며 짧은 모세관 컬럼을사용하는 기체 크로마토그래피는 최적 컬럼유량이 일반적인 크로마토그래피보다 커 신속한 분석이 가능하여, 40초 이내에 m-xylene과 o-xylene의 바탕선 분리가 가능하였다. 시스템의 분리능력에 영향을 주는 인자는 시료 채취시간, 컬럼의 길이와 내경 및 조작압력비였고, 벤젠 유도체들을 사용하여 이들의 영향을 검토하였다. The portable gas chromatography System was developed which was consisted of ambient vapor sampler(AVS), short capillary column(3m long, 032mm I.d. GC(SCCGC). photoionization detector(PID) and vacuum pump which was operated at subambient pressure. The seletion of capillary column was based on the theoretical calculation from Golay equation. The pressure ratio of column inlet and outlet appropriated between 1.03 and 1.2 in the system. The available column flow were 037-4.63㎖/min at the pressure ratios. The AVS consisted of three concentric tubes and enables rapid. repetitive introduction of vapor samples directly into capillary column and showed good reproducibility. The subambient column outlet pressure with PID resulted in a significant increase in the optimum column flow, permitting rapid analysis. The baseline separation of m-xylene and o-xylene was able to within 40 second with the system. Parameters affecting the column resolving power were sampling duration, column length and diameter, and the pressure ratio. Effects of these parameters were investigated using bezene derivative compounds

PM_(10) 개인노출과 공중이용시설내 농도에 관한 연구

김만구,정영림,임양석 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

PM_(10) concentrations were measured measured in underfround stores located in 4 major cities, Chuchon, Wonju, Donghae and Sockcho, in Kangwon-Do using scattering light integrated type digital dust indicator. Personal exposure to PM_(10) for two women(housekeeper and granduate stuent) and a man(undergraduate student were measured also. The dimensional conversion factors for mass concentrations(K) showed some difference among underground stores which were 2.0,2.7,3.4,2.6㎍/㎥·CPM in chunchon, Wonju, Donghae and Sockcho, respectively. Average PM(10) concentrations at underground stores were 178㎍/㎥ in Chunchon, 141㎍/㎥ in Wonju, 125㎍/㎥ in Donghe and 59㎍/㎥ in Sockcho. The portion of PM_(10) in total suspended particles was about 50~60 % as weight. The exposure of graduate student, housekeeer and undergraduate to PM_(10) during 12 hours were 1004.3(㎍/㎥)·hr, 907.0(㎍/㎥)·hr and 691.2(㎍/㎥)·hr, respectively. Personal exposure to PM_(10) showed very different according to their activity parttern and they had more than 90% of their PM_(10) exposure at indoor envirnment.

성인형 당뇨병 환자에서 피부생검을 이용한 표피하 모세혈관 기저막 두께의 변화에 관한 연구

김원학,오금탁,김만우,장경식,채종구,조건국 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1987 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.12 No.1

Thickening and proliferation of capillary basement membrane is a generalized phenomenon in diabetes mellitus and has been described in many organs including heart, kidney, pancreas, retina etc. While such changes are specific, it is difficult to obtain specimens from those organs. We took the specimens from the medial surface of the thing of 33 diabetics and 4 healthy persons as controls by means of punch biopsy. The measurement carried out by normogram and electron microscopic technique. HbA_(1c) values were also measured simultaneously. 1. The HbA_(1c) values are higher in diabetics than in control group (p<0.01). 2. The subepidermal capillary basement membrane thickness of the diabetics : 30% of the 5 th decade population, 53.9% of the 6 rh decade population and 83.3% of the 7th decade population showed more rhan 3,000 A. Whereas all the controls showed below 3,000 A. 3. The subepidermal capillary basement membrane thickness did nor increase significantly with the duration of the disease. 4. In cases of high subepidermal capillary basement membrane thickness, HbA_(1c) showed significant increase. (p<0.01).

산란광 광량 적산식 Digital Dust Indicator에 의한 도서관과 학생회관내 PM_(10) 농도의 일변화

김만구,권영진,정영림 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1997 環境硏究 Vol.14 No.-

Diurnal variation of PM_(10) concentration was investigated for 24 sites in library including reading room, bookstock room, lobby, office and so on, and 9 sites in student building at Kangwon National University using scattering light integrated type digital dust indicator. The dimensional conversion factors for mass concentrations(K) were determined by comparing between the PM_(10) concentrations collected by PM_(10) high volume air sampler and the digital dust indicator. The dimensional conversion factor(k) was 3.33 for indoor air in this experiment. The higher concentrations were 649㎍/㎥day for smoking room in the library 242㎍/㎥/day for circle room in the student building. Most of spaces in the library except a office and bookstock rooms were over 150㎍/㎥/day of PM_(10) concentrations and 6 indoor spaces were over the guideline for indoor air quality in student building except a health center and two restaurants. Therefore, in should be required to make an improvement in the indoor air quaility for public facilities in the university buildings.

산성강하물의 침착량과 동태 해명에 관한 연구 -춘천과 서울 강우의 화학조성 비교 : Comparison of Chemical Composition of Rain Water between Chunchon and Seoul

김만구,강미희,임양석,박기준,황훈,이보경,홍승희,이동수 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1999 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.-

The rain water samples were collected at Chunchon and Seoul by using wet only automatic sampler from January 1996 through December 1997. The daily base rain water samples collected over than 95% rainy events during the whole period. The samples were measured both pH and conductivity, and were analysed major ionic components, SO₄^(2-), NO₃^(-), Cl^(-), NH₄^(+), Ca^(2+), Na^(+) and K ^(+), by ion chromatography. In 1996, about 77% sampled rain water showed below pH 5.6 and the 60% of rain water was lower than pH 5.0. The volume weighted average pH was 4.7 at all sites. In 1997, the volume weighted average pH was 4.6 and 4.9 at Seoul and Chunchon, respectively. Among the rain water samples, 87% and 55% of samples showed below than pH 5.6 and 5.0, respectively. The pH value of Chunchon was significantly (p<0.05) lower than Seoul at the rain samples for less than 20 ㎜ rainfall. However conductivity of the rain samples were 20.9 μS/㎝ for 1996 and 27.7 μS/㎝ for 1997 at Seoul, and 19.1 μS/㎝ for 1996 and 14.1 μS/㎝ for 1997 at Chunchon. H₂SO₄AND HNO₃CONTRIBUTED 65.9% and 29.6% of free acidity at Seoul, respectively. The ratio of [NO₃^(-)]/[nss-SO₄^(2-)] were 0.43 at Seoul and 0.51 at Chunchon for rain samples for less than 20 ㎜ rainfall. The annual wet deposition of Cl^(-), NO₃^(-), SO₄^(2-), H^(+), Na^(+), NH₄^(+), K ^(+), Mg^(2+) and Ca^(2+), respectively, 568.8 ㎏/㎢, 1489.3 ㎏/㎢, 3184.8 ㎏/㎢, 20.9 ㎏/㎢, 249.4 ㎏/㎢, 1091.2 ㎏/㎢, 189.8 ㎏/㎢, 90.2 ㎏/㎢, and 702.4 ㎏/㎢ at Seoul for 1996; 656.4 ㎏/㎢, 2029.7 ㎏/㎢, 3280.7 ㎏/㎢,27.2 ㎏/㎢, 229.4 ㎏/㎢, 1063.9 ㎏/㎢, 106.9 ㎏/㎢, 7802 ㎏/㎢, and 645.3 ㎏/㎢, at Seoul for 1997; 116.9 ㎏/㎢, 983.3 ㎏/㎢, 1797.0 ㎏/㎢, 21.4 ㎏/㎢, 83.2 ㎏/㎢, 648.1 ㎏/㎢, 78.0 ㎏/㎢, 22.2 ㎏/㎢ and 368.8 ㎏/㎢ at Chunchon for 1996; 100.2 ㎏/㎢, 1077.6 ㎏/㎢, 1754.0 ㎏/㎢, 13.4 ㎏/㎢, 146.0 ㎏/㎢, 602.3 ㎏/㎢, 88.8 ㎏/㎢, 16.2 ㎏/㎢ and 206.8 ㎏/㎢ at Chunchon for 1997.

Isonitrosoethylacetoacetate Imine 리간드의 니켈(II) 착물 합성 및 구조 특성

김인환,구본창,최강열,김상태,이만호 大邱大學校附設 基礎科學硏究所 1993 基礎科學硏究 Vol.10 No.-

Nickel(lI) Complexes of the type Ni(IEAA-NH)(IEAA-NR) (R = H₁, CH₃, C₂H_(5), n-C₃H_(7), n-C₄H_(9), or CH₂C_(6)H_(5)), where IEAA-NH and IEAA-NR represents isonitrosoethylacetoacetate imine and its N-alkyl derivative, respectively, have been prepared. And the structure of the complexes have been studied by elemental analyses, electronic, infrared,1H and 13C-NMR spectra. It has been determined that IEAA-NH ligand coordinates to nickel through the nitrogen of imine group and the oxygen of isonitroso group to form 6-membered chelate ring and IEAA-NR coordinates to nickel through the nitrogens of imino group and isonitroso group to form 5-membered chelate ring in the square-planar Ni(IEAA-NH)(IEAA-NR) complexes.

도시 생활폐기물 매립장이 주변 환경에 미치는 영향 - 대기 중 휘발성 유기화합물의 변화

김만구,정영림 강원대학교 부속 환경연구소 2004 Journal of the Environment Vol.1 No.-

Most of municipal solid wastes have been disposed of by landfill, 51.4% on 1999, in Korea. The organic compounds emitted from landfill are variable depending on the types of wastes but the organics from landfill are known as cause of greenhouse effect, photochemical smog and as harmful for human health. However, most of studies concerned in landfill site were performed after the construction of landfill without measurement of volatile arganic compounds before the construction. Therefore, the objectives of this study was to investigate the variation of VOCs in the ambient air at the landfill site, located at Hyuldong-Li, Chunchon, Korea, between before and after landfill. The Hyuldong-Li municipal sanitary landfill have constructed from June 1997 and started landfill from January 1998. The VOC samples were collected from February 1997 to October 2000. Samples were collected from three sites every two weeks using adsorvent tubes which are 100㎜ long packed with Tenax-GR. Collected VOCs were analyzed using cryofocusing GC/FID/FPD quantitatively and identified using cryfocusing GC/MS. The concentration of VOCs showed remarkable change between before and after landfill in ambient air. The highest concentration of toluene, p-xylene, styrene and dimethy1 disulfide were 79.2㎍/㎥,38.8㎍/㎥, 21.7㎍/㎥ and 21.8㎍/㎥, respectively. Concentrations of total hydrocarbons calculated as the equivalent of toluene ranged from 1.5 to 112.4 ppbC. The highest concentrations of VOCs were appeared during the period of rubbish transfer from the temporary landfill site.