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정영림 한국외국어대학교 외국문학연구소 2002 외국문학연구 Vol.- No.12
Under Japanese rule from 1942 to 1945, Malaysia was a multiracial society of Malays, Chinese and Indians. Furthermore, there was political and economical discord between the immigrants from China and India who the English government brought into and the native Malays. When Japan entered the Malay Peninsula defeating England, the Malays, who had a sense of inferiority to white people, were satisfied with Japan's victory, welcomed Japanese army and also believed Japan's promise to make Malays independent from the western colony. Meanwhile, Japan carried out a generous treatment policy to Malays to voice a complaint against the Chinese who resisted Japanese authorative rule, and to the Indians who were uncooperative. Japan also employed Malays first in recruiting Giyu Gun and Giyu Tai, the support forces to Japanese army. This kind of cooperation affected the Malay writers and the novelette of this period was ‘propaganda literature’ for Japanese imperialism. The other reason of ‘propaganda literature’ was that the writers had to run their work in the newspaper and magazines provided by Japanese military government and they were not able to run anything against Japanese government in the newspaper because their work had to be censored. Japan also encouraged Malay use to abolish the use of English and to keep Malay in the Forefront. This thesis includes some novels written in Malay. Many of the writers worked as reporters for the newspapers and magazines. The works of this period praised Japanese imperialism, encouraged conscription according to Japanese policy and lifestyle under war, and included the theme of increasing food by going back to the rural community. Encouragement of conscription meant patriotism to defend the Malay Peninsula. The novels against England came out to impress Japan favorably as well as to inspire patriotism in Malays. Although there were novels written by Indians to accuse brutality of Japanese imperialism, those novels were not published. In general, there were not any negative elements about Japan in the works of Malay writers in this period. The reason why there is no criticism to the writers who only wrote in favor of Japan, disregarding the miserable reality is that the writers, the critics and the readers all put blame upon the circumstances of the period.
소형방출챔버를 이용한 방향제의 휘발성 유기화합물 방출특성에 관한 연구
정영림,박현희,오윤희,김순근,손종렬,김선화,유영재,배귀남,김만구,Jung, Young-Rim,Park, Hyun-Hee,Oh, Youn-Hee,Kim, Soon-Geun,Sohn, Jong-Ryeul,Kim, Sun-Hwa,Yu, Young-Jae,Bae, Gwi-Nam,Kim, Man-Goo 대한환경공학회 2011 대한환경공학회지 Vol.33 No.3
소형방출챔버를 이용하여 반응조건(시료량, 온도, 환기횟수)에 따라 방향제에서 방출되는 휘발성 유기화합물의 배출특성을 조사하였다. 시료부하량($1.4{\sim}551.0g/m^2$)에 따라 방향제에서 방출되는 TVOC 방출량은 방출시험 5시간 후 $0.7{\sim}64.4mg/m^2{\cdot}hr$로 나타났다. Limonene, ${\alpha}$-pinene과 linalool 등 방향제에서 방출된 주요 휘발성 유기화합물은 온도와 환기횟수가 클수록 방출량이 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 이들 연구결과는 방향제와 같은 생활용품의 오염물질 방출시험방법 및 방출기준을 정립하기 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 생각된다. This study investigated the emissions characteristics of air freshener using small emission chamber method. The emission of VOCs from air freshener were determined in the small chambers in the temperature (25, $30({\pm}1)^{\circ}C$), relative humidity ($50{\pm}5%$), ventilation rate (0.3, 0.5, ($0.8({\pm}0.005)/hr$), and sample loading factor ($1.4{\sim}551.0g/m^2$) in this study. The emission tests from air freshener for sample loading factor resulted in TVOC emission rates of $0.7{\sim}64.4mg/m^2{\cdot}h$ after 5 hours. For most target VOCs such as limonene, ${\alpha}$-pinene and linalool, higher temperature and ventilation rate levels exhibited increased emission rates.
정영림,정탁교,장미옥,김선화,김만구 한국냄새환경학회 2006 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.5 No.3
In this study, the TVOCs and odor active compounds emitted from 3 PVC and 5 natural wallpapers were analyzed. The emitted odor intensities and characteristics of the wallpapers were estimated using air dilution sensory and direct olfactory methods. The emissions of TVOCs were measured using the SPME-cryogenic emission test method, which was modified from the RAL-GZ 479 method, which is used in Germany to evaluate the quality of wallpapers. It was found that there was no significant correlation between the emissions of TVOCs and the odor concentration. However, a correlation (0.57) was found between the emitted VOCs and the odor concentration of the low molecular weight compounds, which have strong volatilities, ranging from n-C6 to n-C10. For all 8 wallpapers, vinegar like odor was commonly perceived, with acetic acid identified as the main odor active compound withinthe odor. Benzaldehyde and esters, such as ethyl acrylate and n-butyl acrylate, were identified as odor active compounds, which were expressed as having rubber like smells by the panelists. These results indicate that odor should be included as a domestic regulation for the pollutants emitted from building materials. The identification of odor active compounds emitted from building materials could be useful in the production of eco-environment products. 이 연구에서는 3종의 PVC벽지와 5종의 천연벽지에서 방출되는 TVOCs와 냄새원인물질을 분석해 보았다. 벽지에서 방출되는 냄새강도와 냄새질은 공기희석관능법과 직접관능법으로 측정하였다. TVOCs 방출량은 독일에서 벽지의 품질분석방법으로 사용하고 있는 RAL-GZ 479방법을 변형한 SPME-저온방출시험방법으로 측정하였다. TVOCs와 냄새농도와의 상관성은 거의 없었으나, n-C6~n-C10의 휘발성이 강한 저분자 화합물의 VOCs 방출량과 냄새농도와는 상관성이 0.57로 나타났다. 8종의 벽지에서는 공통적으로 시큼한 냄새가 나타났는데 acetic acid가 주된 냄새원인물질로 확인되었다. 그 외에 고무냄새를 나타낸 화합물로 ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate 등의 에스테르류와 benzaldehyde가 벽지에서 방출되는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 연구결과를 통해 국내에서 시행되고 있는 건축자재 오염물질 방출량 기준에 냄새항목을 추가시켜 규제하는 것이 필요하다고 생각된다. 그리고 건축자재에서 방출되는 냄새의 원인물질의 규명은 친환경제품을 제조하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.