A small hairpin RNA targeting myeloid cell leukemia-1 enhances apoptosis in host macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Fei-yu Wang,Yu-qing Zhang,Xin-min Wang,Chan Wang,Xiao-fang Wang,Jiang-dong Wu,Fang Wu,Wan-jiang Zhang,Le Zhang 한국미생물학회 2016 The journal of microbiology Vol.54 No.4

Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) plays an important role in various cell survival pathways. Some studies indicated that the expression of Mcl-1 was upregulated in host cells during infection with the virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain, H37Rv. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of inhibiting Mcl-1 expression both in vivo and in vitro on apoptosis of host macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis using a small hairpin (sh)RNA. Mcl-1 expression was detected by the real time-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy were used to measure host macrophage apoptosis. We found elevated Mcl-1 levels in host macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The expression of Mcl-1 was downregulated efficiently in H37Rv-infected host macrophages using shRNA. Knockdown of Mcl-1 enhanced the extent of apoptosis in H37Rv-infected host macrophages significantly. The increased apoptosis correlated with a decrease in M. tuberculosis colony forming units recovered from H37Rv-infected cells that were treated with Mcl-1-shRNA. Reducing Mcl-1 accumulation by shRNA also reduced accumulation of the anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl-2, and increased expression of the pro-apoptotic gene, Bax, in H37Rv-infected host macrophages. Our results showed that specific knockdown of Mcl-1 expression increased apoptosis of host macrophages significantly and decreased the intracellular survival of a virulent strain of M. tuberculosis. These data indicate that interference with Mcl-1 expression may provide a new avenue for tuberculosis therapy.

Study on Synthesis of PAEKs Containing Triazole Units through Click Reaction and Their Properties

Wang, Lian-Jun,Li, Jie,Wang, Le-Yong Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.9

A series of novel linear aromatic ether ketone polymers containing triazole units were synthesized by click chemistry and their structures and properties were characterized by FT-IR, $^1H$ NMR, GPC, TGA, DSC and WAXD. The results showed that these polymers exhibited relatively small molecular weights distributions, good thermal stability and solvent-repelling which could have potential applications as engineering thermoplastic.

Enzymatic characteristics of polyphenoloxidase from shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) and its inhibition by a novel hydroxypyridinone derivative

Le-Le Shao,Jia-Min Zhou,Qing Zhu,Xiao-Ling Wang,Robert C. Hider,Tao Zhou 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.4

Melanosis developed in shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)is mainly initiated by polyphenoloxidase (PPO),thus understanding of the characteristics of PPO in shrimpis important for controlling the melanosis of shrimp. Theshrimp cephalothorax turns black most rapidly amongst allthe tissues during the chilled storage. Crude PPO extractedfrom this cephalothorax has an optimal pH of 6.0 and anoptimal temperature of 50 C. PPO is relatively stable underneutral and weak alkaline conditions (pH 5.5–9.0) andthe temperature range of 25–35 C. The kinetic parametersKm and Vmax were recorded as 3.02 mM and 54.3 U/mg ofprotein, respectively, using L-Dopa as a substrate. Themolecular weight of PPO was estimated as 200–220 kDaby an activity staining test. A hydroxypyridinone derivative,5-hydroxy-1-octyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridine-2-carbaldehydeO-ethyl oxime, was demonstrated to efficientlyinhibit the PPO, indicating that this compound might findapplication as a shrimp preservative.

A Study on the Problems and Countermeasures of Environmental Pollution Caused by China's Rural Development - Enlightened from the Semaul movement in Korea -

Wang Young Le,Fan Ping,Kim, Dong-Baek,So, Kwang-Sup 한국자치행정학회 2009 한국자치행정학보 Vol.23 No.1

중국은 개혁개방 이래 농촌지역 경제의 급속 성장에 따라 농촌의 환경문제가 관심의 대상이 되고 있다. 특히 심각한 환경오염은 농촌의 생태, 생산 및 생활 안전에 대해 큰 영향을 미쳐 농촌의 경제와 사회적인 지속 가능한 개발에 대해 매우 중요한 억제요인이 되었다. 중국 농촌 환경오염의 원인을 향진기업(乡镇企业)의 오염 문제, 농업 비점 오염 문제, 대규모 축산업 오염 문제, 생활 오수 및 폐기물의 오염 문제 등을 중심으로 분석하였다. 중국 농촌 환경 문제를 해결하려면 한국의 새마을운동을 거울삼아야 한다. 새마을 운동으로 인해 농촌의 생활환경이 몰라보게 달라졌고 농촌의 가난이 물러가기 시작했으며 국민들의 사고와 행동이 변화되는 조짐을 보였다. 한국의 산림녹화정책의 효과를 중심으로 중국의 환경오염 방지 대책에 대해 살펴봤다. 중국에서 농촌 환경 오염문제를 해결하려면 우선 향진기업의 오염 통제를 강화하고 기업은 합리적인 분배해야 하고, 농업 비점오염의 통제를 강화하고, 생태 농업을 적극적으로 개발해야 하고, 과학적이고 합리적인 축산업 시스템을 구축하고, 가축 배출물에 대한 종합 처리를 위해 간편하고 효율적인 처리기술을 보급하여야 한다. 한국의 새마을 운동과 산림녹화계획 및 친환경 농업 등 성공한 경험으로부터도 좋은 교훈을 얻을 수 있다는 점을 비교행정론적으로 분석하였다. Along with the rural industrialization and the urbanized scale's unceasing expansion, along with the municipal pollution to the countryside pollution spread, pollution along with the east to the west shifts, along with the population activity frequent and rural economic development speed's quickening, China rural environment pollution assumes the trend of development. The countryside clean river sand the lake are getting fewer and fewer; The countryside soil erosion and the desertification area are expanding unceasingly; Countryside source of pollution with difficulty active control; The countryside beautiful scenery and the clear air are leaving us to go slowly. The rural environment protection's pressure is getting bigger and bigger. the main reasons Cause China rural environment pollution are the following five points: 1)The agricultural production creates pollution. 2) Infrastructure backwardness produces life pollution. 3)The rural enterprise layout is improper and the lack of insufficiently control produces industrial pollution. 4) Water quality of the water source area dropping is unable to withstand the load. 5) The mineral resource development, blind chop or the unreasonable non-farming resource development are important factors causing environmental pollution and ecological degradation. In the hope of China's rural ecological environment management, experiences of South Korea on how to pay attention to the rural ecological environment construction in the new rural areas building are introduced, the present situation and causes of the environment pollution in the rural area are expounded, and a countermeasure to the problem is put forward, which is to follow the way of sustainable development, to establish good farm biological environment and to uphold the coordinational development of the rural environment and the economy.

Data-driven model identification and predictive control for path-following of underactuated ships with unknown dynamics

Wang Le,Li Shijie,Liu Jialun,Wu Qing 대한조선학회 2022 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.14 No.1

With the trends towards autonomous shipping, advanced ship motion control methods have received increased attention in recent years. The validity of ship models is crucial in designing motion controllers and directly affects their performances. However, accurate models that could reflect true ship dynamics are highly nonlinear, complex and complicated to identify, especially in situations when the experimental conditions are limited. This paper proposes a data-driven predictive control method for pathfollowing of under-actuated cargo ships with unknown dynamics, which makes use of data gathered during operation to improve the model and the path-following performance. Based on the ship navigation data set, the relations between the heading angle and the rudder angle of the ship are fitted with seven typical regression algorithms, which acts as the prediction model in the path-following controller. Simulation study is carried out to choose the most suitable regression algorithm, among which elastic net regression is selected. The Antenna Mutation Beetle Swarm Predictive (AMBS-P) algorithm is introduced to find the optimal weights in the model identification process. A Line-of-Sight (LOS) algorithm is used as the guidance law to transform reference way-points into reference heading angles, and the path-following controller is designed also based on and the AMBS-P algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed data-driven control method performs well in the path-following task without having prior knowledge regarding the hydrodynamic coefficients and ship parameters.

Influence of equilibrium magnetic shear on the double tearing modes for different rational surface spacing

Wang Le,Zhao Qing,Sun Wen Yang,Wang Lei,Liu Xiao Wei,Li Zhen Guo 한국물리학회 2022 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.81 No.4

Based on the two-dimensional geometric model, the infuence of equilibrium magnetic shear on the double tearing modes for diferent rational surface spacing is numerically simulated. We fnd that when the spacing is small, the saturation time of unstable mode decreases with the increase of the equilibrium magnetic shear. With the spacing increases, the saturation time will gradually change from decreasing with the increase of the equilibrium magnetic shear to increasing with the increase of the equilibrium magnetic shear. When the spacing is large, the saturation time increases with the equilibrium magnetic shear.

Guaranteed-performance Consensualization for High-order Multi-agent Systems with Intermittent Communications

Le Wang,Qing Chen,Jianxiang Xi,Guangbin Liu 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.5

The current paper studies the guaranteed-performance consensualization for general high-order multiagentsystems with intermittent communications. Firstly, a new consensus protocol is constructed by using only intermittentlocal information, and the corresponding performance function is given to guarantee the consensus regulationperformance among neighboring agents. Then, linear matrix inequality conditions for guaranteed-performanceconsensus and consensualization are respectively provided and a guaranteed-performance cost of multi-agent systemsis determined meanwhile. Furthermore, the whole motion mode of the multi-agent system can be described byderiving a precise expression of the consensus function. If the nominal converge rate is larger than a positive threshold,then multi-agent systems can achieve guaranteed-performance consensus by determining the gain matrix whenintermittent communications are involved, and the performance function is less than the guaranteed-performancecost. Finally, a simulation example is shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed theorems.

Crosswind effects on high-sided road vehicles with and without movement

Wang, Bin,Xu, You-Lin,Zhu, Le-Dong,Li, Yong-Le Techno-Press 2014 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.18 No.2

The safety of road vehicles on the ground in crosswind has been investigated for many years. One of the most important fundamentals in the safety analysis is aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle in crosswind. The most common way to study the aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle in crosswind is wind tunnel tests to measure the aerodynamic coefficients and/or pressure coefficients of the vehicle. Due to the complexity of wind tunnel test equipment and procedure, the features of flow field around the vehicle are seldom explored in a wind tunnel, particularly for the vehicle moving on the ground. As a complementary to wind tunnel tests, the numerical method using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be employed as an effective tool to explore the aerodynamic characteristics of as well as flow features around the vehicle. This study explores crosswind effects on a high-sided lorry on the ground with and without movement through CFD simulations together with wind tunnel tests. Firstly, the aerodynamic forces on a stationary lorry model are measured in a wind tunnel, and the results are compared with the previous measurement results. The CFD with unsteady RANS method is then employed to simulate wind flow around and wind pressures on the stationary lorry. The numerical aerodynamic forces are compared with the wind tunnel test results. Furthermore, the same CFD method is extended to investigate the moving vehicle on the ground in crosswind. The results show that the CFD results match with wind tunnel test results and the current way using aerodynamic coefficients from a stationary vehicle in crosswind is acceptable. The CFD simulation can provide more insights on flow field and pressure distribution which are difficult to be obtained by wind tunnel tests.

Construction and Application of Low Cellulase-producing Bacillus licheniformis Strains for Bio-pulping of Bamboo

Le Xue,Haihong Han,Han Fan,Piwu Li,Tengfei Wang,Jing Xiao,Ruiming Wang,Junqing Wang 한국생물공학회 2019 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.24 No.5

To prevent cellulose loss during bio-pulping, two cellulase genes in Bacillus licheniformis 20085 were knocked out by homologous exchange technique. An engineering strain B. licheniformis 20085Δcelb was significantly compromised the ability to disintegrate filter paper compared to the original strain. After fermentation for 60 h, the CMCase activity value decreased from 1.86 to 0.50 U/mL, suggesting that the celb gene played an important role in the process of cellulose degradation in B. licheniformis 20085. We also assessed the ability of B. licheniformis 20085Δcelb to pulp bamboo. The yield of bamboo pulp was 51.91%, the kappa number was 11.26%, and 1.3% of cellulose was degraded after bio-pulping. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) studies were also conducted to visualize the effect of these strains on bamboo cell walls. These results indicate that pulping with B. licheniformis 20085Δcelb can generate a higher yield and lower kappa number.

A Study on the ‘Western Imagination’ Appearing of Wu Tianming’s Films

( Wang Le ) 국제문화&예술학회 2022 국제문화예술 Vol.3 No.1

Purpose: As a pioneer of Chinese western cinema, Wu Tianming played an important leading role in the development of cinema in the new era. This study focused on the local spirit, personality, aesthetic thinking, realism style, etc. that appeared in his creation through the movie works to which the ‘Western Imagination’ was given, and explored the interest in the spirit of the times and the archer against traditional culture. Methods: The research method of this paper is divided into three aspects: it is a cultural analysis research method, a historical analysis research method, and a comparative analysis research method. Result: Through the textual exploration and interpretation of Wu Tianming’s films, we can see through the spirit of the times, national culture and social psychology embedded in western films, analyze the constant conflict and integration between traditional culture and modern civilization, and reflect on the cultural metaphors between films and society. Conclusion: Wu Tianming broke the sense of reality and humanistic implications conveyed through films, and the bondage between Chinese film images and real life. The spiritual value of Chinese cinema was reconstructed by presenting a certain realistic reference to the development of Chinese Western films.