Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Korean Native Ducks Fed Diets with Varying Levels of Limiting Amino Acids

Choo, Y.K.,Kwon, H.J.,Oh, S.T.,Kang, C.W.,Kim, H.K.,Hong, E.C.,Heo, K.N.,Lee, S.K.,An, B.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.4

There are multiple experiments conducted with male Korean native ducks (KND) to evaluate the optimal levels of limiting amino acids (AA). In Exp. 1, a total of 450 one-d-old male KNDs were divided into five groups with six replicates and fed experimental diets with varying levels of lysine, total sulfur amino acids (TSAA) and threonine (T1, 0.90/0.74/0.70%; T2, 1.00/0.82/0.77%; T3, 1.10/0.90/0.85%; T4, 1.20/0.98/0.93%; T5, 1.30/1.07/1.01%) to 21 d of age. In Exp. 2, one-d-old male KND were received and fed commercial starter diet from hatching to 21 d of age, and then divided into five groups with six replicates and fed one of five diets varying levels of lysine, TSAA, and threonine (T1, 0.73/0.62/0.54%; T2, 0.80/0.68/0.60%; T3, 0.87/0.74/0.65%; T4, 0.94/0.80/0.70%; T5, 1.01/0.86/0.75%) during 22 to 56 d of age, respectively. The BW gain was linearly increased as dietary limiting AA levels increased to 1.20% lysine, 0.98% TSAA and 0.93% threonine. There were no significant differences in feed intake, gain:feed and uniformity among groups. In Exp. 2, the BW gain and gain:feed were not affected by dietary limiting AA levels. There were no significant differences in carcass characteristics and meat quality among groups. The growth performance and carcass characteristics did not show the significant response to increasing dietary limiting AA levels in KND during 22 to 56 d of age. In conclusion, the levels of lysine, TSAA and threonine necessary to maximize growth for starter phase were at least 1.20%, 0.98%, and 0.93%, respectively. On the other hands, KND require relatively low levels of limiting AA for late growth and carcass yield. The dietary levels of 0.73% lysine, 0.62% TSAA and 0.54% threonine appear to be adequate during growing phase.

Nutrient ileal digestibility evaluation of dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae compared to three animal protein by-products in growing pigs

J.S. Yoo,조경훈,J.S. Hong,장한수,정이형,G.T. Kwon,D.G. Shin,김유용 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.3

Objective: This study was to investigate the nutrient ileal digestibility of dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae and compare with those of three animal protein by-products in growing pigs. Methods: A total of 12 crossbred ([Landrace×Yorkshire]×Duroc) growing pigs with average body weights of 24.12±0.68 kg were surgically equipped with simple T-cannulas after being deprived of feed for 24 h according to published surgical procedures. These pigs had a recovery period of two weeks. A total of 12 pigs were assigned to individual metabolic crates and allotted to one of four treatments with 3 replicates in a fully randomized design. Dietary treatments included the following: i) Fish meal, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% fish meal; ii) Meat meal, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% meat meal; iii) Poultry meal, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% poultry meal; iv) Tenebrio molitor, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% dried Tenebrio molitor larvae. Results: Results showed that the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Lys was higher (p<0.05) in pigs fed Tenebrio molitor diet than that in pigs fed fish meal diet. Pigs fed Tenebrio molitor diet showed increased (p<0.05) AID of His and Arg compared to pigs fed Fish meal or Meat meal diet. The AID of Cys was increased (p<0.05) in pigs fed poultry meal and Tenebrio molitor diets compared to that in pigs fish meal diet. Pigs fed meat meal, poultry meal, and Tenebrio molitor diets showed higher (p<0.05) standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of total energy compared to pigs fed fish meal diet. The SID of Arg was higher (p<0.05) in pigs fed Tenebrio molitor diet than that in pigs fed fish meal or meat meal diet. Furthermore, pigs fed poultry meal or Tenebrio molitor diets showed increased (p<0.05) SID of Cys compared to pigs fed fish meal diet. Conclusion: In conclusion, providing pigs with diets that contained Tenebrio molitor larvae meal improved AID and SID of nutrients as well as essential and non-essential amino acids. The digestibility of dried mealworm larvae protein and its utilization in vivo are also good. Therefore, dried mealworm larvae protein can be used as protein source at 10% level in growing pigs.

Characterization of a family B DNA polymerase from Thermococcus barophilus Ch5 and its application for long and accurate PCR

Kwon, K.M.,Kang, S.G.,Sokolova, T.G.,Cho, S.S.,Kim, Y.J.,Kim, C.H.,Kwon, S.T. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2016 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.86 No.-

<P>The family B DNA polymerase gene from the euryarchaeon Thermococcus barophilus Ch5 (Tba5) contains an open reading frame of 6198 base pairs that encodes 2065 amino acid residues. The gene is split by three inteins that must be spliced out to form the mature DNA polymerase. A Tba5 DNA polymerase gene without inteins (genetically intein-spliced) was expressed under the control of the pET-28b(+)T7lac promoter in E. coli Rosetta 2(DE3)pLysS cells. The molecular mass of the purified Tba5 DNA polymerase was about 90 kDa consistent with the 90,470 Da molecular mass calculated based on the 776 amino acid sequence. The optimal pH for Tba5 DNA polymerase activity was 7.5 and the optimal temperature was 70-75 degrees C. The enzyme possessed 3' -> 5' exonuclease activity and was activated by magnesium ions. PCR amplification using Tba5 DNA polymerase enables high-yield for 1- to 6-kb target DNA products, while 8- to 10-kb target DNA products were amplified at low or inefficient levels. To simultaneously improve product yield and amplification fidelity, Tba5 plus DNA polymerase mixtures were constituted with various amounts of Tba5 DNA polymerase mixed with Taq DNA polymerase. The Tba5 plus DNA polymerase mixtures robustly amplified up to 25-kb lambda DNA fragments. In addition, the PCR error rate of Tba5 plus3 and Tba5 plus4 mixtures were much lower than those of wild-type Tba5 DNA polymerase, Pfu DNA polymerase, Taq DNA polymerase, and Pfu plus DNA polymerase. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

Thermodynamic properties of five-layered HgBa₂Ca₄Cu₅O_12+y from equilibrium magnetization

Kwon, Y.T.,Park, M.S.,Kim, J.D.,Choi, K.Y.,Jung, M.H.,Iyo, A.,Tokiwa, K.,Kim, Y.C.,Lee, S.I. Elsevier 2010 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.10 No.4

By using the Hao-Clem model, we analyzed the equilibrium magnetization of the grain-aligned HgBa<SUB>2</SUB>Ca<SUB>4</SUB>Cu<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12+y</SUB> (Hg1245) with T<SUB>c</SUB>~108K. We obtained thermodynamic parameters, such as the penetration depth [λ<SUB>ab</SUB>(0)] and the coherence length [ξ<SUB>ab</SUB>(0)] from the thermodynamic critical field [H<SUB>c</SUB>] and the Ginzburg-Landau parameter [κ]. Compared to the four layered superconductor HgBa<SUB>2</SUB>Ca<SUB>3</SUB>Cu<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>10+y</SUB> (Hg1234), the obtained penetration depth was slightly increased indicating that the Cooper pair density of Hg1245 was decreased, which was one of the reasons why the transition temperature (T<SUB>c</SUB>) of the Hg1245 did not increase as compared to the Hg1234. The expected increase of T<SUB>c</SUB> for the material with the more CuO<SUB>2</SUB> planes was not achieved because of the insufficient doping of the Cooper pairs while adding CuO<SUB>2</SUB> planes.

흰쥐 간장에서 허혈-재관류에 의한 간장해 모델의 연구(1)

권준택,이종화,조병현,양훈모,박종안,김유재,김종배,차영덕,김창호 최신의학사 1992 最新醫學 Vol.35 No.12

Rapid and label-free bioanalytical method of alpha fetoprotein detection using LSPR chip

Kim, D.,Kim, J.,Kwak, C.H.,Heo, N.S.,Oh, S.Y.,Lee, H.,Lee, G.W.,Vilian, A.T.E.,Han, Y.K.,Kim, W.S.,Kim, G.b.,Kwon, S.,Huh, Y.S. North-Holland Pub. Co 2017 Journal of crystal growth Vol.469 No.-

Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is a cancer marker, particularly for hepatocellular carcinoma. Normal levels of AFP are less than 20ng/mL; however, its levels can reach more than 400ng/mL in patients with HCC. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) have been employed for clinical diagnosis of AFP; however, these methods are time consuming and labor intensive. In this study, we developed a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based biosensor for simple and rapid detection of AFP. This biosensor consists of a UV-Vis spectrometer, a cuvette cell, and a biosensor chip nanopatterned with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In our LSPR biosensor, binding of AFP to the surface of the sensor chip led to an increasing magnitude of the LSPR signals, which was measured by an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer. Our LSPR biosensor showed sufficient detectability of AFP at concentrations of 1ng/mL to 1μg/mL. Moreover, the overall procedure for detection of AFP was completed within 20min. This biosensor could also be utilized for a point of care test (POCT) by employing a portable UV-Vis spectrometer. Owing to the simplicity and rapidity of the detection process, our LSPR biosensor is expected to replace traditional diagnostic methods for the early detection of diseases.

Trichloroethylene 취급 작업장의 공기 중 농도와 근로자의 요중 Trichloroacetic Acid 농도의 상관관계에 관한 조사연구

권오윤,이종태,문덕환,배기택 인제대학교 1990 仁濟醫學 Vol.11 No.3

부산ㆍ경남지역의 Trichloroethylene 취급 사업장 중 4개업종 20개소를 대상으로 기중 Trichloroethylene 농도를 측정하고, 이들 사업장 근로자 중 101명을 대상으로 요중 Trichloroaceticacid 농도를 분석하여 Trichloroethlene 폭로 정도를 평가하였다. Trichloroethylene, which is a chlorinated unsaturated hydrocarbon, is widely used as a solvent in degreasing operations. In the present study, the time-weighted average intensity of trichloroethylene exposure at work environments in 20 manufactures of 4 industries was assessed, at the same time trichloroacetic acid excretion in urine among 101 workers exposed to trichloroethylene was measured, and the exposure-excretion relationship was investigated. The results were summarized as follows; 1.The environmental trichloroethylene level was highest in metal machine industry(121.3ppm), followed by fabricated metal industry (106.0ppm), precision machine industry(65.0 ppm) and electrical machine industry(48.0 ppm). 2.The rate of urinary trichloroacetic acid concentration over 75mg/l among 101 workers was 42.6%(43 workers). 3.There is a linear correlation between the environmental exposure and urinary excretion(Y=1.05584X+35.65591, r=0.52401, p=0.0000).

<i>Ex Vivo</i> Responses for Interferon-gamma and Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion to Low-Molecular-Weight Antigen MTB12 of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> during Human Tuberculosis

Lee, J.-S.,Son, J. W.,Jung, S.-B.,Kwon, Y.-M.,Yang, C.-S.,Oh, J.-H.,Song, C.-H.,Kim, H.-J.,Park, J.-K.,Paik, T.-H.,Jo, E.-K. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2006 Scandinavian journal of immunology Vol.64 No.2

<P>Abstract</P><P>MTB12 protein, also called CFP-2, is a major and early secreted component of <I>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</I>. However, its role during mycobacterial infection has been poorly characterized. In this study, we purified the native MTB12 protein and investigated the profile of MTB12-induced cytokines [interferon (IFN)-<I>&ggr;</I>, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-<I>&agr;</I> and interleukin (IL)-6], in early tuberculosis (TB) patients (<I>n</I> = 20) and healthy controls (<I>n</I> = 35). The cytokine profiles were compared with those induced by the 30-kDa antigen (Ag). In healthy controls, MTB12-induced IFN-<I>&ggr;</I> production was markedly decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with 30-kDa Ag-induced IFN-<I>&ggr;</I>. In TB patients, the mean IFN-<I>&ggr;</I> level induced by MTB12 was lower than that induced by the 30-kDa Ag, albeit the difference was not significant. After 2 months of anti-TB therapy, both the MTB12- and 30-kDa-induced IFN-<I>&ggr;</I> levels were significantly increased in TB patients. MTB12-induced TNF-<I>&agr;</I> and IL-6 levels were prominently upregulated in monocyte-derived macrophages from TB patients, but they were not significantly different from those induced by the 30-kDa Ag. Further, the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase was required for the induction of TNF-<I>&agr;</I> and IL-6 by MTB12, as well as by the 30-kDa Ag. Collectively, these data suggest that the MTB12 protein plays an essential role for proinflammatory responses through the MAPK pathway during the early stages of human TB, even though its T-cell immunoreactivity is weaker than that of the 30-kDa Ag.</P>

사과의 감압저장법의 개발

손태화,윤형식,홍순영,서정훈,김광수,박용태,이갑랑,권태종 慶北大學校 生産技術硏究所 1970 生産技術 Vol.4 No.-

Rolls, Janathan, and American Summer Pearmain were used in this experiment. This experiment was conducted under 0˚ and 20℃ at subatmospheric pressure, respectively. we found to examine physiological changes of apple under storage and the rate of respiration of apple in order to decide the time of harvesting. The summary results were as follows. A. Physiological Changes of Apples Stored Under Reduced Atmospheric Pressure. 1. Rate of Respiration (1) Lower rates of respiration were observed under reduced atmospheric pressure than under normal atmospheric pressure other storage conditions being equal. (2) American Summer Pearmain apples showed the biggest rate of respiration, followed by Jonathan apples. Rolls apples showed the smallest rate of respiration among three varieties. (3) The rate of respiration of apples stored under reduced atmospheric pressure changed less remarkably than that of apples stored under normal atmospheric pressure when these apples were taken out of the storage rooms, and their surrounding temperature and atmospheric pressure were changed. (4) change of the rate of respiration was more marked in an O^2-chamber than in an air-chamber. A serious physiological breakdown was observed in a N_2-chamber and in a CO_2-chamber. 2. Production of Ethylene (1) The action of ethylene as a ripening hormone for apples was supressed by reducing the atmospheric pressure of the storage chamber. (2) The order of amount of ethylene production was American summer Pearmain, Jonathan, and Rolls. The ethylene production was larger under reduced atmospheric pressure than under normal atmospheric pressure without respect to the variety of apples. (3) Ethylene production of apples was reduced by lowering the temperature of the storage chamber (4) The rate of ethylene formation increased markedly when apples were stored in a cold chamber and than the temperature and atmospheric pressure were changed. This phenomenon, however, was less marked for the apples stored in the reduced atmospheric pressure chamber than for those in the normal atmospheric pressure chamber. (5) The ethylene production in the O_2-storage chamber was about 80 times as large as that in air-storage chamber at 20℃. The rate of ethylene production reached a maximum in 12 days in the O_2-chamber, but the ethylene production increased continuously in the air-chamber. In the N_2-chamber and the CO_2-chamber ethylene production was small. Generally the ethylene concentration in the atmosphere of the storage chamber was smaller under reduced atmospheric pressure than under normal atmospheric pressure. 3. Acidity Acidity was lowered from 0.68% to 0.36%, 0.50%, or 0.56% when Jonathans were stored in an uncontrolled atmospheric chamber, a cold and uncontrolled atmospheric pressure chamber, and a cold and reduced atmospheric pressure chamber respectively. 4. Change of Weight Decrease in weight under the same conditions as the above 3, was 6.2%, 3.6% and 2.8% when stored in an uncontrolled chamber, in a cold and uncontrolled atmospheric pressure, chamber, and in a cold and reduced atmospheric pressure chamber respectively. 5. Decaying Decaying ratio showed also the same order as 4, and was 18.5%, 7.4%, and 3.6% in an uncontrolled chamber, in a cold and uncontrolled atmospheric pressure chamber, and in a cold and reduced atmospheric pressure chamber respectively. 6. Enzyme Activity (1) Catecholase activity of apples decreased with storage duration. (2) The order of catecholase activity was Rolls, American summer Pearmain and Jonathan. (3) Catecholase activity was higher in apples stored under reduced atmospheric pressure than in those stored under normal atmospheric pressure regardless of the variety. B. Preliminary Investigations for Practical Uses 1. It is possible to calculate the concentration of carbon dioxide in a storage chamber atmosphers since the rate of carbon dioxide production was almost constant according to the storage conditions. Therefore the storage chamber was successfully maintained at 5% carbon dioxide by controlling ventilation. 2. With a simple automatic controller, the storage chamber atmosphere was maintained at an appropriate reduced pressure. 3. Poly ethylene film, which is most permeable for gases among several common plastic films, was found to be adoptable as an apple wrapper for reduced atmospheric pressure storage. C. Investigation of the Time of Harvest Observations of the rate of respiration of apple during growing made in possible to predict the optimal time of harvest. The optimal times of harvest are around September 23 and October 26 for Jonathan and Rolls apples respectively.

342 EFFECTS OF MELATONIN ON PREIMPLANTATION DEVELOPMENT OF PORCINE PARTHENOGENETIC EMBRYOS

Kang, J.-T.,Koo, O.-J.,Kwon, D.-K.,Park, S.-J.,Atikuzzaman, M.,Gomez, N.,Jang, G.,Lee, B.-C. CSIRO Publishing 2010 Reproduction, fertility, and development Vol.22 No.1

<P> In mammalian species, melatonin is a multi-functional pineal gland hormone that regulates several circadian and seasonal rhythms including reproduction. However, the melatonin study was not common as to the oocytes in the pig. Recently, we reported that exogenous melatonin has beneficial effects on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation during porcine oocyte IVM and we also reported an existence of melatonin receptor on the cumulus cells and granulose cells (Kang JT et al. 2009 J. Pineal Res. 46(1), 22-28). In this study, as adding further experiments rather than our previous study, we investigated effect of exogeneous melatonin (10 ng mL-1) on the porcine oocytes and analyzed possible factors which can be responsible for that results. Oocytes were recovered by aspiration of slaughterhouse ovaries, and then matured in TCM-199 supplemented with EGF, insulin, pyruvate, cystine, and gonadotropin. Expression of apoptosis-related genes mRNA in oocytes cultured with melatonin were evaluated by real-time PCR (Exp 1), cumulus cell expansion on COC was assessed on the microscopes during in vitro maturation (Exp 2), and developmental effects between melatonin treatement group and non-treatment group on the in vitro culture of parthenogenetically activated oocytes was investigated (Exp 3). In results, oocytes matured with melatonin were assessed for the expression of apoptosis-related genes Bcl-xl (anti-apoptotic gene) and Bax (proapoptotic gene) by real-time quantitative PCR. Analysis of data showed that the expression of Bcl-xl was higher compared to the control while the expression of Bax was decreased relative to the control (P < 0.05). Cumulus cell expansion was evaluated under a stereomicroscope at 22 h, 44 h during IVM. Representative photomicrographs of porcine COC at the start of the IVM, after 22 h and 44 h treatment with melatonin, are shown in Figure. After 22 h of melatonin treatment, cumulus cells were visually expanded compared with non-treatment group. We analyzed significantly greater proportion of parthenogenetically activated oocytes developed to blastocyst when the IVM medium was supplemented with melatonin. Melatonin treatment in the IVM has consequently beneficial effect on the blastocyst formation rates on the development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos (15.4%) compared to non-treatment group (10.7%, P < 0.05). However, cleavage frequency was not affectedby the treatment. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that melatonin had a beneficial effect on the development of parthenogenetically activated porcine embryos, probably through decreased apoptosis rate and increased cumulus cell expansion. This study was supported by Korean MKE, MEST (BK21 program), and Hanhwa L&C </P>