An Investigation on the Life of Master Won Guk Lee, the Creator of Chung-Do-Kwan

( Seon Young Jung ),( Jun Ho Lee ),( Seung Woo Shin ),( Chun Hwan Cho ),( Seung Hyun Jang ),( Won Shin ) 경남대학교 기초과학연구소 2014 기초과학지 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this study is to review (or, investigate) the life of Won Guk Lee. He is the creator of Chung-Do-Kwan, which is one of the five original Taekwondo kwans. Data was gathered from advanced research, newspapers, documentaries, the Internet, magazines, and journals etc. Thus, we were able to create a sequence of events based on the research data. First, we can say that in Won Guk Lee``s career, he created Chung-Do-Kwan and brought Dangsoodo to Korea. These events have had a significant development on Taekwondo. Second, Taekwondo curriculum, which was published by Won Guk Lee, established the foundation of Taekwondo poomsae, as well as giving us the pure spirit of Korean martial arts.

The Application of Everyday Behavioral Pattern to Gesture Interface

Jang,Sun Hee,Lee,Kyung Won (사)한국디지털디자인협의회 2006 (사)한국디지털디자인협의회 conference Vol.2006 No.2

Lender’s Sweet Dream, Landlord’s Concession, and Tenant’s Way to Survive Foreclosure in South Korea: SNDA, Survival, & Third-party Beneficiary Clauses1)

Lee,Won-Jun,Jun,Jang-Hean 한국부동산경매학회 2021 부동산경매연구 Vol.2 No.2

한국과 미국 모두 계약자유의 원칙을 바탕으로 사경제 활동을 장려하고 있으며, 이는 임차인, 임대인, 대출자, 그리고 낙찰자의 관계의 바탕이 된다. 미국에서 이러한 관계 가운데, 임대차관련 계약에서 협상의 쟁점이 되는 SNDA (Subordination [우선권 순위변경], Non-Disturbance [경매절차나 우선권 관계없이, 임차인 권한 유지조항], Attornment [낙찰자를 새로운 임대인으로 하여 계속 임대계약을 유지 하겠다는 조항]) 조항은 임차인, 임대인, 대출자(즉, 은행과 같은 임대인의 부동산 물건에 대한 저당권자), 낙찰자간의 관계를 임의로 사전에 정하는, 통상적인 임차인과 대출자 간의 계약서상의 조항이다. 이와 같이 해당 계약에서 정하지 않는 내용은 계약자유, 신의성실의 원칙, 공시제도 등을 통해 각 이해당사자의 이익의 우선순위가 결정 된다. 따로 정하지 않으면, 기본적으로 임차인, 임대인, 대출자, 낙찰자의 관계가 신의성실의 원칙과 공시제도에 따라 결정되기 때문이다. 따로 당사자가 정하는 SNDA 조항에서, 보통 임차인이 우선권 순위변경부분을 양보하는 대신, Non-Disturbance 와 Attornment 조항을 보장 받는다. 임대인이 해당 계약서 체결에 참여할 수 있다. 경매가 개시된 후에도, 낙찰자가, 낙찰자의 선택에 따라, 원활하게 임차인의 지위를 유지하고 임대수익을 계속 유지할 수 있다. 대출자 역시, 이자수익을 유지 한다. 이와 같이, 계약자유의 원칙에 따라, 자유롭게 임차인 또는 대출자에게 유리한 다양한 문구들이 존재해서, 통상적으로 변호사와 같은 대리인을 통해 협상이 이루어지는 문구이다. 한편, 한국에서 강행규정에 속하는 임대차보호법상의 문구와 충돌되는 문구는 구속력이 없으며, 한국에서의 경매절차에 따라 소멸될 수 있는 기존 임대차 계약의 유지 및 소멸 가능성 있는 관련 SNDA 의 조항에 대한 문구의 구속력을 보장하기 위해서는 추가로, Survival Clause 와 Third-party Beneficiary Clause가 필요할 수 있다. 보통 국제적인 우량 임차인이 변호사 선임을 통해 SNDA를 자주 활용하는 것으로 보이나, 일반적인 소액 임차인의 경우에도 임대하는 부동산 물건에 대한 애착이 깊은 경우가 많고, 이 경우, 소액 임차인을 보호하는 국가정책에 따라, SNDA가 유용하게 활용될 수 있다고 본다. SNDA에 대해, 임대인, 대출자, 낙찰자 역시, 이해를 같이 하는 경우가 많을 것이기 때문이다. By operation of law, after foreclosure, the purchaser i.e., the new owner of the foreclosed real property sometimes has no pre-arranged means to continue the lease until the end of the existing lease term according to the tenant’s will to do so in South Korea, as in the U.S. This can be a nightmare for many institutional lenders. Such lenders are interested in having uninterrupted installments payment, secured by uninterrupted lease, until the end of the respective loan agreements. Many purchasers are also interested in getting loans from such lenders and have flexibility to come to the terms of such lenders, trying to prevent possibility of interrupted payment. Many tenants of such property are likewise often interested in continuing lease uninterrupted until the end of the lease term without having to worry about termination of lease after unexpected or even expected foreclosure and like to put such intentions in writing. Such three interested parties may utilize the SNDA, Survival, & Third-party Beneficiary Clauses (collectively, hereinafter, SNDA-ST) in their respective agreements to have their arrangements are well aligned with such respective interests. Absent use of clauses like SNDA-ST, the concept of first-in-time priority will control in South Korea as in the U.S. Consequences without SNDA-ST clauses will not be predictable to bring about outcomes desired by the three interest parties. This piece showcases, for the first time, how the SNDA-ST works in practice in the U.S. and encourages use of the SNDA-ST clauses in respective cross-border as well as purely domestic agreements in South Korea.

Original Articles : Clinical significance of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C patients

( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Sung Ran Cheon1 ),( Sae Hwan Lee1 ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Koog Cheon ),( Young Seok Kim1 ),( Young Deok Cho1 ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin ),( Yun Soo 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3

Background/Aims: We investigated the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive individuals and the effects of occult HBV infection on the severity of liver disease. Methods: Seventy-one hepatitis B virus surface-antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients were divided according to their HBV serological status into groups A (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs negative; n=18), B (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs positive; n=34), and C (anti-HBc negative, anti-HBs positive/negative; n=19), and by anti-HCV positivity (anti-HCV positive; n=32 vs. anti-HCV negative; n=39). Liver biopsy samples were taken, and HBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Results: Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 32.4% (23/71) of the entire cohort, and HBV DNA levels were invariably low in the different groups. Occult HBV infection was detected more frequently in the anti-HBc-positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 28.1% (9/32) of the anti-HCV-positive and 35.9% (14/39) of the anti-HCV-negative subjects. The HCV genotype did not affect the detection rate of intrahepatic HBV DNA. In anti-HCV-positive cases, occult HBV infection did not affect liver disease severity. Conclusions: Low levels of intrahepatic HBV DNA were detected frequently in both HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive cases. However, the frequency of occult HBV infection was not affected by the presence of hepatitis C, and occult HBV infection did not have a significant effect on the disease severity of hepatitis C. (Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:206-212)

간세포암과 하대정맥 막성폐쇄의 치료 후 호전된 백혈구파괴혈관염 1예

이준엽 ( Jun Yeob Lee1 ),이주원 ( Ju Won Lee1 ),이진욱 ( Jin Wook Lee ),박현준 ( Hyun Joon Park ),장국환 ( Gook Hwan Jang ),김다정 ( Da Jung Kim ),김선민 ( Sun Min Kim ),한병훈 ( Byung Hoon Han ),정규식 ( Gyoo Sik Jung ),김근태 ( 대한류마티스학회 2015 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.22 No.5

저자들은 하지 자색반과 고환 통증으로 내원한 알코올성 간경화증 환자에서 LCV의 원인 감별하는 과정에서 HCC와 하대정맥 막성폐쇄를 진단하고 이에 대한 치료 후 LCV의 호전된 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of diseases that destroy blood vessel walls by inflammation. Approximately half of vasculitis cases are idiopathic, but sometimes associated with genetic factors, medicines, chronic infection, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies. Although the mechanism remains unclear, vasculitis secondary to malignancy, also known as paraneoplastic vasculitis, has been reported. It is generally associated with hematologic malignancies rather than solid malignancies and commonly presents as leukocytoclastic vasculitis or polyarteritis nodosa. We experienced a case of leukocytoclastic vasculitis in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma and membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava. Here, we report this case with a brief review of literature. (J Rheum Dis 2015;22:322-326)

사상체질에 따른 신체화 기제의 차이에 대한 연구

이고은 ( Go Eun Lee ),박장호 ( Jang Ho Park ),유윤선 ( Yun Sun Lyu ),노동진 ( Dong Jin No ),박인숙 ( In Sook Park ),강형원 ( Hyung Won Kang ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2011 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of somatization psychological mechanism among Sasang constitution. Methods: Subjects were seventy four students of Won-Kwang university responded the questionnaire. We evaulated teh subjects using Minnesota Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification Ⅱ(QSCC Ⅱ), Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2(MMPI-2), 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Somato-Sensory Amplification Scale(SSAS), Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire(SIQ) and The Ways of Stress Coping Questionnaire(SCQ). Results: From the results of Clinical scale of MMPI-2, the scores of 2nd, 9th, 10th scales was significantly difference. In Lesser Yin group 10th score was the significantly highest of the others, 1st, 3rd, 6th, 7th, 8th score were the highest but not significant. and From the results of PSY-5 scale(The Personality Psychopathology Five scale) of MMPI-2, In Lesser Yin goup, INTR(Introversion/Low Positive Emotion) score was significantly highest, PSYC(psychoticism), NEGE (Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism) was higher than the others. In TAS-20K, SSAS, SIQ and SCQ Lesser Yin group was not significantly difference. but Lesser Yin group had the tendency of difficulty describing feelings and externally oriented thinking and higher score in physical and psychological interpretation. We observed generally lower levels of stress coping strategy scores than the others. Conclusions: These results showed that Lesser Yin group tend to somatization compared other constitution.

2010 해남, 평창, 원주지역 갈대 등 야초류의 이용실태와 사료가치 평가

서성(Sung Seo),한대덕(Dae Duk Han),장선식(Sun Sik Jang),김원호(Won Ho Kim),정민웅(Min Woong Jung),최진혁(Jin Hyuck Choi),김진숙(Jin Sook Kim),김하영(Ha Young Kim),이종경(Joung Kyong Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2012 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 부존 조사료자원 이용으로 수입사료를 줄이고 사료비를 절감하고자 2010년도에 전남 해남(간척지), 강원 평창(강변), 원주(섬강변), 전남 영광(와탄강변) 등 4개 지역에서 갈대와 억새 등 야초 자생지를 탐색하고, 수확·이용실태 조사와 함께 사료가치를 분석하였다. 전남 해남 해남목장 내 갈대(Phragmites communis) 위주의 야초 자생지는 300 ha로 예년에는 2회 곤포작업하여 연간 사일리지로 2,300~2,500톤(ha당 8톤)을 생산하였으나 2010년도는 1회 곤포조제로 사일리지 2,000톤(ha당 7톤)을 생산하였다. 유통가격은 롤 당 53천원으로 ㎏당 110원이었다. 곤포는 전량 자가소비하며, 외부 작업단에 롤 당 26천원의 작업비를 지불하였다. 연간 조수입은 2억 2,260만원이며, 소득은 1억원 수준(345천원/ha)이었다. 초장 150 ㎝의 갈대는 조단백질 8.4%, 상대사료가치 71.9 (건초 5등급), 건물 소화율 60.1%로 사료가치는 볏짚에 비해 약간 나은 것으로 평가되었다. 갈대 사일리지의 사료가치와 유기산 함량은 동일 지역에서 동일한 재료로 사일리지를 조제하더라도 수확시기에 따라 차이가 컸으며(CP 4.7~6.4%, RFV 62.2~78.9, 건물 소화율 41.9~53.9%), 갈대 사일리지의 품질은 수단그라스에 비해 불량하였다. 강원 평창 강변 자생갈대의 사료가치는 초장이 79, 117, 121, 142㎝로 생육이 진행됨에 따라 낮아져, 조단백질은 각각 13.9%에서 7.6%로, 상대사료가치는 90.7 (건초 3등급)에서 76.1 (건초 4등급)로, 건물 소화율은 72.9%에서 54.7%로 감소하였다. 원주 섬강 주변 야초류는 곤포수확 작업에 어려움이 있었으며, 초장 130 cm의 갈대는 조단백질 8.5%, 상대사료가치 82.3 (건초 4등급), 건물 소화율 70.2%로 사료가치는 높았으며, 220㎝의 성숙한 갈대는 조단백질 10.2%, 상대사료가치 65.1 (건초 5등급), 건물 소화율 48.9%로 볏짚 대비 조금 나은 것으로 평가되었다. 전남영광지역에서는 와탄천 주변에 자생하는 갈대를 수거 이용하고자 시도하였으나 경제성이 없어 중단하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여볼 때, 갈대, 억새 등 야초류는 현 상태에서 최대한 수거·이용하되, 사료가치를 유지하고 가축 기호성이 양호한 시기에 수확하는 것이 중요하며, 최소한 볏짚과 비슷하거나 그 이상의 사료가치를 기대하기 위해서는 7월 중순 이전(늦어도 7월까지)에 수확·이용하는 것이 권장된다. This study was carried out in 2010 to investigate the utilization and forage quality of native grasses, such as Phragmites communis which might reduce the cost of feeding domestic cattle. The regions surveyed were the Haenam ranch in Haenam, Pyeongchang, Wonju, and Yeonggwang. In Haenam, yearly silage production harvested from 300 ha was 2,000 MT (7 MT/ha). All of those round bale silages were self-consumed in that region, and marketing price was 50,000 55,000 won per roll (110 won/㎏). Phragmites communis of 150 ㎝ in length contained 8.4% crude protein (CP) with relative feed value (RFV) 71.9 and 60.1% in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), which was somewhat more favorable than forage quality of rice straw. The silage quality of Phragmites communis varied greatly by the time of harvest (CP 4.7 6.4%, RFV 62.2 78.9, and IVDMD 41.9 53.9%), even with the same district and of the same original forage materials. Generally, the quality of Phragmites communis silage of was poorer than that of sorghum * sudangrass hybrid. In Pyeongchang, forage quality of Phragmites communis was decreased from 13.9% to 7.6% in CP, 90.7 to 76.1 in RFV, and 72.9% to 54.7% in IVDMD, as plant was getting mature, from 79 ㎝ to 117 ㎝, 121 ㎝ or to 142 ㎝ in length. In Wonju, the quality values of Phragmites communis of 130 ㎝ in length were 8.5% CP, 82.3 RFV and 70.2% IVDMD, while those of matured grasses of 220 ㎝ in length were lower (10.2% CP, 65.1 RFV and 48.9% IVDMD), but this was a little more favorable than quality of rice straw. In Yeonggwang, feeding Phragmites communis was tried in a Hanwoo feed, but stopped due to low profitability. In conclusion, the overall quality of most native grasses including Phragmites communis in this survey was poor. Therefore, we recommend that Phragmites communis and native grasses should be harvested on June or July to obtain richer forage quality in forage values than rice straw.

산업장 근로자의 스트레스에 대한 한의계 연구경향

차윤엽 ( Yun Yeop Cha ),고연석 ( Youn Seok Ko ),이정한 ( Jung Han Lee ),정원석 ( Won Suk Chung ),신병철 ( Byung Cheul Shin ),전찬용 ( Chan Yong Jeon ),고호연 ( Ho Yeon Go ),선승호 ( Seong Ho Sun ),장보형 ( Bo Hyoung Jang ),송윤경 한방재활의학과학회 2013 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to explore the trends of Korean medical study on stress in the industrial worker. Methods : We received numbers of the studies about stress in the industrial worker from 6 Korean web databases, using key words such as ‘Industry AND Stress’, ‘Oriental medicine AND Stress’, ‘Worker AND Stress’, ‘Workplace AND Stress’. We received 12 research papers and they were analyzed and the journals, the authors, the contents of 3 classification of those research papers. Results : Among them, we had 6 reviews of Dept. of preventive medicine and Dept. of third medicine, college of Korean Medicine, Won-kwang University, and the rest of them were 6 reviews. We had 4 reviews of Korean Journal of Oriental Preventive Medical Society, 2 reviews of the Journal of Traditional Korean Medicine, 2 reviews of Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry and so on. According to the contents of reviews, we had 7 reviews of correlation of industrial worker and stress, 4 reviews of cause on the industrial worker’s stress and 1 case report. Conclusions : We reviewed the trends of Korean medical study on stress in the industrial worker. The stress in the industrial workers were related with the type of occupation, social psychology, drinking, smoking, the satisfaction of job, the harmony of organization.And we knew that the musculoskeletal pain was related to the industrial worker’s stress. In the future, abundant case studies, follow-up trials and RCTs should be done about the industrial worker’s stress.

흡연이 치과 외래 이용 및 치과 외래 의료비에 미치는 영향

정선락 ( Sun Rak Jeong ),김영희 ( Young Hee Kim ),장지언 ( Ji Eon Jang ),이원기 ( Won Kee Lee ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2015 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.39 No.4

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of smoking on utilization of and expenses in ambulatory dental care. Methods: The subjects of this study were 5,751 men aged over 20 years selected from the Korea Health Panel data collected during 2010-2012. Pack-years of smoking were calculated based on the survey data. Dental utilization was defined as dental outpatient clinic use least once in three years. The expenses in ambulatory dental care were summed to determine total dental health care spending for three years. To detect the effect of smoking, we used multiple logistic regression analysis for dental utilization and multiple linear regression for expenses in ambulatory dental care after changing log. Results: The pack-years had a significant effect on dental utilization and expenses in participants aged 40-59 years. After controlling for income level, bedtime brushing, and the presence of chronic disease, dental care utilization rates in the over 10 to less than 25 pack-year and the over 25 pack-year groups were about 1.4 (OR=1.37, (P =0.007)) and 1.6 times (OR=1.59, (P =0.001)) those in the 0 pack-year group. In comparison with the 0 pack-year group, the over 10 to less than 25 pack-year group spent 50,000 won more over dental expenses, while the corresponding number for the over 25 pack-year group was about 100,000 won. Thus, the ambulatory dental care expenses increased with the packyears of smoking. Conclusions: Smoking significantly influenced the utilization and expense in ambulatory dental care in men aged 40-59 years.

상수원수 수질변화에 따른 전오존 처리효과 및 경제성 평가

최동훈 ( Dong Hoon Choi ),박진식 ( Jin Sik Park ),문추연 ( Choo Yeun Moon ),이재용 ( Jae Yong Lee ),유동춘 ( Dong Choon Ryu ),장성호 ( Seong Ho Jang ),권기원 ( Ki Won Kwon ),이수애 ( Soo Ae Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2013 한국환경과학회지 Vol.22 No.4

This study, changes in raw water quality is to indicate on the efficiency of ozone treatment of each pollutant as compared to derive the appropriate operating measures. The appropriate selection for injection rate of pre-ozone and did not inject pre-ozone assess changes in the water. When good water quality, you not injected of pre-ozone to evaluate the economic efficiency of electricity and put the most cost-effective ozone concentration were evaluated. Evaluation remove organic matter and chlorophyll-a concentration level in experiments with each factor of the water DOC> 2.5㎎ / L, THMFP> 70㎍ / L, Chl-a> 30㎎/㎥or less constant process, if you do not need to put pre-ozone showed little impact. It also does not put you in pre-ozone appropriate produce enough power rate savings was calculated as approximately 90 million won. Ability to remove organic materials and the ability to produce disinfection byproducts, and cost-effective decisions by considering the concentration of injection if pre-ozone 1 mg/L was investigated by the appropriate concentration of ozone injection.