1998년과 2007년 사이 12∼13세 남녀 청소년의 체격, 골격성숙도, 체력 비교

송종국(Jong Kook Song),채서연(Seo Yeon Chae),채주희(Joo Hee Chae),김현배(Hyun Bae Kim),강효정(Hyo Jung Kang) 한국사회체육학회 2008 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.34

The purpose of the present investigation was to compare physique, skeletal maturation and physical fitness in Korean adolescents measured between 1998 and 2007. Subjects participated in the study were a total of 473 Korean adolescents aged 12 to 13 years. In 1998, 349 adolescents were selected from a middle school, located in Sungnam city and 124 middle school students aged 12-13, located in Yongin city were participated in 2007. All measurements were conducted by one of the reseachers (Jong-Kook Song) with two different group of investigators between 1998 and 2007. Anthropometric characteristics were body mass, body height, sitting height, circumferences taken at sites of upper arm, flexed upper arm, chest, waist, hip, thigh, and calf, bone breadth taken at the sites of humerus, and femur, skinfold thicknesses taken at the sites of triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, thigh and medial calf. Skeletal maturity was assessed by TW3 (Tanner et al., 2001). Maturity scores for Radius-Ulna-Short bones (RUS) and bone age were calculated. Physical fitness parameters included flamingo balance, sit and reach, grip strength, sit-ups, standing long jump, bent arm hang, 50m shuttle run and multi-stage shuttle run. All data were analyzed by SAS Enterprise 3.0. Means and standard deviations were calculated by descriptive statistics. Independent t-test was applied to compare dependent variables between measurements. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results of the study showed that male adolescents aged 12-13years in 2007 had significantly higher (p<0.0001) femur diameter than adolescents in 1998. Male adolescents in 2007 had higher (p<0.05) chest, waist and calf circumferences than those of adolescents in 1998. Although no difference were found for RUS and bone age in males adolescents between 1998 and 2007 female adolescents in 2007 were significantly delayed for their skeletal maturity level compared to female adolescents in 1998. For physical fitness parameters male adolescents aged 12 years in 2007 performed better for flamingo balance (p<0.01), and 50m shuttle run (p<0.05) than those of adolescents in 1998. However, stand long jump and bent arm hang were significantly decreased in male adolescents in 2007. Female adolescents aged 12-13 years in 2007 had significantly higher flamingo balance, but female adolescents aged 12 years in 2007 performed significantly less for standing long jump (p<0.0001), bent arm hang (p<0.001) and speed (p<0.05) than those of female adolescents in 1998. In conclusions this study suggest that chest circumference for both male and female adolescents in 2007 was significantly higher than those in 1998. Skeletal maturity for female adolescents in 2007 were significantly delayed compared to female adolescents in 1998. Further study is needed to evaluate consistent various.

실선시험기법을 이용한 다방향파중에서의 선박의 응답추정법

조효제,강일권,김종철 韓國海洋大學校 附設 海洋科學技術硏究所 1998 硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.-

In this study, the frequency transfer function of motions are predicted from the result of a full-scale seakeeping trials. Because the real sea has the characteristics of multi-directional waves, we compare the results in the one directional waves with ones in the directional waves. For calculation of the frequency transfer function in the directional waves, Takezawa's inverse estimation method was introduced and the frequency ranges were divided into three parts in order to consider following seas. The full-scale seakeeping trials was executed in the south sea of Korea using the stern trawler. Those results show that analysis method of the multi-directional waves is more reliable than that of one directional waves, and confirm the possibility of applying this method to the full-scale seakeeping trials.

성인 여성의 댄스스포츠 참가가 신체이미지와 자기표현에 미치는 영향

곽효정,이종길 충남대학교 체육과학연구소 2007 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.25 No.1

The background variances in the test were age, education level, married/single, income, and independent variance is participating vs. not participating in Dance sports. Self body image and self expression were set as methodological variance and independent variance each. Weight, health condition, body shape related scales were adopted to diagnose the self physical image using paper survey. Self expression is assessed with survey questions related to proactive expression, ethical expression, altruistic expression, direct expression scales. The survey was consisted of 5 questions for each category so that the total number of questionnaires was 20. One-way ANOVA, ANCOVA, multiple regression analysis, and path analysis were applied to analyze statistical the data. According to such methodology and process, the result of this study explains followings, First, the change of self body image of participants in Dance sports was statistically meaningful compared to non-participants. Also, the participants showed meaningful increase of score in weight, heath condition, body shape related factors which are the lower elements of self body image. Next, the change of increase in self expression of participants was also statistically meaningful compared to control group. Finally, the interaction between dance sports, self body image, and self expression was supported with meaningful result which was strengthened with direct and indirect effect of self body image on self expression. Therefore, the study of this paper presents the strengthened self expression through improved self image which is visualized by Dance sports.

개선된 퍼지램프함수를 이용한 건설공사의 확률적 위험도분석평가

조효남,임종권,최현호 漢陽大學校 工學技術硏究所 1998 工學技術論文集 Vol.7 No.1

본 논문의 주된 목적은 실제 건설공사에 적용할 수 있는 체계적인 확률적 위험도분석 평가기법의 개발에 관한 기초연구로서, 우선 건설공사의 위험도분석 평가기법으로 적용 되어온 기존의 사건수분석(ETA : Event Tree Analysis)에 의한 방법[Ang/Tang, 1975]에 퍼지집합의 개념을 도입하여 전문가의 주관적인 판단을 언어학적 변량으로 취급하는 소위 퍼지사건수분석(FETA : Fuzzy Event Tree Analysis) 기법에 대해서 집중적으로 고찰하였다. 또한, 본 논문에서는 확률적 위험도분석 평가모형에 관한 연구로서 건설공사의 확률적 위험도분석 모형을 체계적으로 제시하고, Hadipriono가 임시가설 구조물의 경우에 적용시킨 퍼지사건수분석 기법을 발전시켜 새로운 Ramp 곡선을 제안하였다. Recently, in Korea, the demand for establishment of systematic risk assessment techniques for construction projects has increased, especially after the large construction failures occurred during construction such as New Hang-ju Bridge collapse, subway construction failure, and Taegu gas explosion accidents etc. Most of existing risk analysis techniques such as Event Tree Analysis may not be suitable for realistic risk assessment of construction projects because it is very complex and difficult to estimate occurrence frequency and failure probability precisely due to a lack of data related to the various risks inherent in construction projects like natural disasters, financial and economic risks, political risks, environmental risks as well as design and construction-related risks. The main objective of this paper is to suggest systematic probabilistic risk assessment model and demonstrate an approach for probabilistic risk assessment using advanced Fuzzy Ramp Function introducing Fuzzy set theory concepts. It may be stated that the approach may be very useful for the systematic and rational risk assessment for real construction projects because the approach can effectively deal with all the related construction risks in terms of the linguistic variables that could systematically incorporate expert's experiences and subjective judgement.

알쯔하이머형 치매환자 뇌파의 시공간적 패턴분석 : Karhunen-Loeve 방법을 통한 뇌파분석의 임상적용을 위한 예비연구

고효진,김형래,김대진,김수용,박성종 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.2

연구목적: 뇌파의 시공간적 패턴분석(spatio-temporal pattern analysis)방법을 이용하여 알쯔하이머형 치매의 진단 특히 초기 치매환자의 진단에 대한 예비연구를 하고자 하였다. 방법: 알쯔하이머형 치매환자 10명과 정상대조군 10명을 대상으로 하여 Karhunen-Loeve 분해법을 이용한 시공간적 패턴분석을 통하여 비교하였다. 결과: 첫째, 세가지 주요패턴 중 가장 많은 빈도를 보인 으뜸패턴에서 알쯔하이머형 치매환자는 좌우측 비대 칭성이 정상대조군에 비해 뚜렷해지는 형태를 보였다. 둘째, 으뜸패턴을 비교하여 뇌의 각 부분에 대한 차이를 보았을 때 알쯔하이머형 치매환자는 대조군에 비해 주로 좌측 두정부와 측두엽 부위에서 고유값의 유의한 차이가 있었다. 셋째, 으뜸패턴 전개계수의 Fourier amplitued spectrum 분석을 통하여 알쯔하이머형 치매환자 10명중 6명에서 상당히 큰 진폭의 상승부분을 관찰할 수 있었으며 정상대조군에서는 이러한 진폭의 이상소견이 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 본 연구의 결과는 알쯔하이머형 치매으 병태생리적 위치가 좌측 측두-두정엽에 있음을 시사하였으며 앞으로 시공간적 패턴분석 방법이 알쯔하이머형 치매환자의 진단에 유용하게 사용될 수 있도록 추후연구가 필요할 것으로 생각하였다. Objectives: We introduce a novel analysis method of spatio-temporal pattern analysis of EEG. Using it, we presents a results discriminating severe Alzheimer's disease patients from normal subjects. Methods: To the groups of 10 Alzheimer's disease patients and 10 normal aged subjects, we applied the Karhunen-Loeve decomposition method and observed their principal patterns and time-varying dynamics. Results: First, there was a first primaty pattern of the eigenvector in Alzheimer's disease patients that showed opposite polarities at the left and the right hemispheric regions. Second, the Alzheimer's disease patients had significantly different average values of the eigenvector at the left parieto-temporal area than the normal controls did. Third, some Alzheimer's disease patients had one, coherent frequency component in the Fourier amplitude spectrum of the first pattern expansion coefficient. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the pathophysiologic site of Alzheimer's dementia may be left temporo-parietal area in brain and further studies need to evaluate whether the spatio-temoral pattern analysis could be used to diagnose Alzheimer's dementia patients.

해면효과익의 실험적 연구와 PARWIG선의 설계 및 제작

장종희,전호환,정광효,이 준 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1997 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.53 No.-

지면효과(Wing In Ground Effect, WIG)의 개념은 날개가 지면 가까이 비행할 때 유기저항(Induced drag)의 감소와 양력의 증가로 양항비가 증가하는 것이다. 이러한 효과를 이용하여 지면 또는 해면 가까이 항주함으로서 해면효과익선이 같은 속도의 비행기보다 경제성이 좋은 것으로 평가되어지고 있다. 또한 PAR(Power Augmented Ram)현상은 1970년대경 발견된 것으로서 날개 앞에 부착된 프로펠러의 후류를 날개 밑으로 불어넣어 해면효과익선이 저속에서도 이수할 수 있도록 하여 WIG선의 성능을 향상시키는 계기가 되었다. 본 논문은 풍동을 이용하여 지면에서 날개후연까지 높이의 변화, 앙각의 변화 및 날개끝단판(End- plate)의 변화에 따른 날개의 양력, 항력 및 종방향모멘트를 계측하여 분석하고 2.5m급 무선 조종 PARWIG선의 설계개념과 제작과정에 대해서 설명한다. In the early of the 20th century, it was noted that a wing operating in close proximity to the ground exhibits a reduction in induced drag, which increases its lift/drag ratio. For several decades this phenomenon, called the wing-in-ground-effect(WIG), was studied because it complicated the takeoff and landing of aircraft. In the 1970s, the Power Augmented Ram(PAR) phenomenon was discovered, which significantly enhanced the performance of the WIG concept. The main purpose of this study is to design a 2.5m size, remote control PARWIG model aiming to develop an one manned leisure PARWIG craft. The lift and drag force are measured in a wind tunnel for wings with different flying heights, angles of attack and endplates. Based on the experimental results, 2.5m size model craft is designed and constructed.

화성(華城)방문객의 중요도-성취도 분석에 관한 연구

송효분,정종의 경기대학교 화성학연구소 2004 화성학연구 Vol.- No.1

This study carried out the literature research and the empirical study with Hwaseong visitors to understand the importance and performance of users for the pursued benefits. The Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA) has been applied to produce the useful operation and management plan of Hwaseong cultural tourist attraction by clarifying the general behaviors of the visitors and the satisfaction degree of it in the pursued benefits. Mainfindings are as follows; in general, the importance and the achievement of the visitors showed relatively high at 70 percent in the full mark of 5 scales. Five benefits of educationaly, low cost, naturgefuehl, sehenswuerdigkeit and accessibility were showed high evaluation score in common. The benefit, which has to be improved in the service management and operation at first, is the general entertainment to be enjoyable by all companions and traffic(parking) convenience, which have to be corrected in this situation to enhance the satisfaction of visitor.

소결체 Scrap으로부터 Co 회수

이종대,이종욱,박노국,박영효,이태진 영남대학교 공업기술연구소 2001 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.29 No.1

The recovery of Cobalt(Co) and Tungsten Carbide(WC) from refractory scrap using electrolysis in an acid solution is studied. The method of electrochemical decomposition is a simple and economical process. The most important factor in the process of electrochemical decomposition is the component and concentration of electrolyte. The results show that the decomposition yield in sulfuric acid is better than other acid. This method is applicable for industrial process, because the decomposition yield is increased as scrap weight.

초내열합금 Inconel의 가공성 평가

정경효,원종식,정윤교 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1996 産技硏論文集 Vol.10 No.-

Inconel, super heat-resistant alloy is superior in the toughness and the creep strength. It can especially endure high temperature and corrosion. It has been, therefore, broadly used in the various fields of atomic industry, aerospace, industrial mechanics and automobile etc. But such inherent properties as high temperature strength, an affinity with tool materials and low heat-conductivity etc. of Inconel alloy 600 degrade machinability. As a result, they cause many problems in the cutting process. In this study, machinability of Inconel alloy 600 was estimated on stand points of cutting force, tool wear and welding of chip for the cutting edge. Inconel alloy 600 was cut by precision high-speed lathe and tool material was used coated tungsten carbide insert(CTCI) and ceramic insert(CI) to be done in general. Cutting force is measured by the piezo type tool dynamometer and cutting edge is observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). As a experiment result, obtained conclusions as follows. (1) In the case of cutting Inconel alloy 600 with CTCI, value of cutting force is similar its of SM45C. In this case, however, we can not avoid the cutting trobles that is ; the large width of fluctuations for cutting force and welding of cutting chips for cutting edge because of the toughness of the material. (2) In the case of using CI, the brittleness of the tool resulted in chipping. (3) Available cutting conditions of Inconel alloy 600 for CTCI and CI were established.

IMF구제금융시대에 있어서 정부와 시장의 역할에 대한 재조명 : 규범적 접근 A Normative Approach

박효종 경상대학교 해외지역연구센터 1998 해외지역연구 Vol.2 No.1

This research has attempted to justify the vision of a minimal state against governmental failures and to present some important reform proposals in South Korea, which is faced with economic crisis. The discussion has been normative rather than empirical. Certainly, the market is an imperfect economic mechanism in the sense that it cannot deal with externality problems and, thus, produce public goods in an efficient way. Asymmetrical information and tyranny of small decisions are other salient area of market failure. Nevertheless, the fact that the market fails in some specific areas should not necessarily mean that the government can succeed in those area. In particular, this research has taken care to refuse the proposition that the government can do what the market cannot do. The main reason is that the government has its own failures. We usually confront the empirical fact that government bureaucrats trend to act as revenue-maximizers and politicians and elected representatives as vote-maximizers In view of those imperfections of both mechanisms, this research posits two major criteria in evaluating the market and government mechanisms. Those are efficiency and social justice. As far as efficiency is concerned, the market is definitely superior to the government, since market transactions always produce Pareto-optimal results. On the other hand, we can say that both the market and government fail with regard to social justice. Agents in the market transactions and government officials tend to behave themselves in an egoistic way, doing harm to public interests and common good in the community. Given this comparison, it is worth noting that the market is less imperfect than the government, although both are essentially imperfect mechanisms. This is also why this research which commits itself to the market rather than the government proposes that the government should self-consciously decline to intervene in the modus operandi of the market mechanism and regulate property rights.