층상 구조의 염기성 초산 아연과 알킬술폰이 삽입된 화합물의 합성과 구조

허영덕,조영식 단국대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

Layered basic zine acetate, Zn(OH)_3(CH_3COO)·2H_2O was synthesized. Zn_2(OH)_3(C_nH_2n+1SO_3)·2H_2O (n = 6, 8, 10, 12) compounds have been synthesized via anionic exchange reaction of alkyl sulfonates into the layered basic zinc acetate. Using X-ray diffraction data and the alkyl sulfonate size, the geometric orientation of the intercalated alkyl sulfonate was determined. The intercalated alkyl sulfonate is arranged with its molecular chain perpendicular to zinc hydroxide layer with monolayer type.

OBD-2의 열 변색 현상에 관한 열역학적 연구

許永德,金明建,金鍾珪 단국대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.29 No.-

The termochromism of OBD-2 has been examined. The OBD-2 exists as a colorless lactone in aprotic solvents. However, the OBD-2 exists in the form of an equilibrium imxture of a colored zwitter-ion and a colorless lactone in protic solvents. When an acid is added to the solution, the OBD-2 exists and equilibrium mixture as a colorless lactone and a colored cation even in aprotic solvents. In order to understand the interaction between the OBD-2 and the solvent, absorption spectra of the OBD-2 in various solvents were measured. The systematic increase of the λ_max of the OBD-2 correlate with the hydrogen-bond donor ability of the solvent in neutral solution. The thermodynamic parameters of the OBD-2 has also been investigated. From the variation of absorbance with temperature, the standard enthalpy changes △H^0 of the equilibrium between the lactone and the zwitter-ion in various solvents have been determined. The standard enthalpy change △H^0 is approximately -7 kJ/mol in protic solvents. In acidic solution, the standard enthalpy change is measured to be to zero in protic solvents within the experimental error. When the carboxylic group is protonated in acidic solution, a poor interaction between the dye and the solvent is expected.

층간이중수산화물과 페놀레드의 삽입화합물의 합성

허영덕,정우찬 단국대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

Intercalation compound between a Phenol Red and a layered double hydroxide of Al and Zn (Zn - Al - PR LDH) was directly synthesized by the hydrolysis of ZnCl_2, AlCl_3, and the Phenol Red with a NaOH solution. From X-ray diffraction studies, the orientation of the intercalation species can be roughly estimated. The size of the Phenol Red was calculated by using Alchemy Program. The length of the Phenol Red is 11.98Å. The gallery height of the Zn - Al - PR LDH which is measured from the X-ray diffraction peaks is 12.35Å. Therefore, the Phenol Red lies nearly perpendicular to the hydroxide layers. The formula of the Zn - Al - PR LDH was checked by ICP-AES and C, H, N, S elemental analysis. As increasing the stoichiometric aluminum content, the percent contents of intercalated Phenol Red in the hydroxide layers decreases. Therefore, the interaction between the Phenol Red and a hydroxide layer is dependent upon the stoichiometric aluminum content.

유도 라만 산란 분광기의 제작과 C_6H_6과 C_6D_6의 유도 라만 스펙트럼 측정

허영덕,조영식 단국대학교 2000 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

In this study, we constructed a nonlinear Raman Laser spectrometer and analyzed the potential applicability of this apparatus by experimenting the stimulated Raman specrtoscopy which is one of the nonlinear Raman spectroscopy. For the case of stimulated Raman scattering, the interaction between a strong pump laser and a molecule leads to an energy exchange between pump beam and Stokes or anti-Stokes beams which may result in a strong, directional output of the Raman beams. Stimulated Raman spectra of C_6H_6 and C_6D_6 are obtained. For the case of C_6H_6, stimulate Raman scaterring generate eight beams from Rayleigh beam (ν_0) in the center to the 4th Stokes beam(ν_0 + 3ν_2), where ν_2 is the ring breathing mode of benzene of 992cm^-1. The line intensity of first Stokes beam is about 30∼40% of pump beam. Therefore, the resulting Stokes efficiency including second and third Stokes is about 40∼50% of pump beam. Similar results are obtained for C_6D_6. Finally, we found taht the Raman cross section of ν_2 mode of C_6D_6 is larger than that of C_6H_6.

Spiro유도체의 화학적 성질에 관한 연구

金明建,許永德,金鍾珪 단국대학교 1994 論文集 Vol.28 No.-

The effect of solvnets upon the absorption spectra of open forms of spiroanthraoxazine and spiro-6-nitropyran have been examined. For the case of spiroanthraoxazine, the visible absorption maximum shifts to longer wavelength as the polarity of the solvent is increased(i.e., positive solvatochromism). The open structure of spiroanthraoxazine, may be considered the quinoid type. In spiro-6-nitropyran, a hypsochromic shift os observed as the polarity of solvent is increased (i.e., negative solvatochromism). It is likely that the open structure of spiro-6-nitropyran is the zwitter ion type. The enthalpy changies between the closed form and the open form of spiroanthraoxazine, and spiro-6-nitropyran were measured. Wiht increasing polarity of solvent, the enthalpy changies of spiroanthraoxazine, and spiro-6-nitropyran decrease.

3-isoamyl-ethyl-amino-6-methyl-7-anilino fluoran(S-205)의 열 변색 현상에 관한 열역학적 연구

김명건,허영덕,김종규 단국대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

Absorption spetra of thermochromic of 3-isoamylethyl-amino-6-methyl-7-anilino fluoran(S-205) was investigated. The S-205 exists as a colorless lactone in aprotic solvents. However, the S-205 exists in the form of an equilibrium mixture of a colored zwitter-ion and a colorless lactone in protic solvents. In order to understand the interaction between the S-205 and the solvent, absorption spectra of the S-205 in various solvents were measured. The systematic increase of the λ_max of the S-205 correlate with the solvent polarity of the solvent in protic solvent and aprotic solvent. The enthalpy changes of the S-205 has also been investigated. From the variation of absorbance with temperature, the standard enthalpy changes △H_0 the equilibrium between the lactone and the zwitter-ion in various solvents have been determined. The standard enthalpy change △H_0 is approximately -7 kJ/㏖ in protic solvents. In acidic solution, the standard enthalpy change is measured to be to zero in protic solvents within the experimental error. When the carboxylic group is protonated in acidic solution, a poor interaction between the dye and the solvent is expected.

혈관질환 정보관리 시스템

김동익,김덕경,허세호,이병붕,김용신,김은숙,문지영,도영수,신성욱,김동수,김만태,진재욱,김용신 대한혈관외과학회 2002 Vascular Specialist International Vol.18 No.1

As medical technology progresses rapidly, there is a rise in the average age along with the Korean dietary lifestyle becoming more westernized, which leads to an increase in the number of vascular disease patients in Korea. Thus, we need to manage the medical information of a disease systematically in order to diagnose and treat constructively. However, since there has been no standardized method of man agement to date, a great deal of information could not be properly utilized nor studied. Therefore, the departments of Cardiology, Radiology and Neurology of Samsung Seoul Hospital recently got together to develop an information management system called the Vascular Data System. This program was developed to be run on win98 O/S, upper Pentium Ⅲ, and upper 128 MB Memory, and its source code is Dephi 4.0. It was configured for the user to set the configurations as well as do a variety of search and analysis. If this program were to be updated continuously, it may be used extensively as well as in various parts of clinical research activities.

SO₂감지를 위한 NASICON 고체전해질 가스센서의 제조 및 특성 평가

배재철,Liu, aiguo,이상태,전희권,방영일,이덕동,허증수 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 Thrombin-Antithrombin Ⅲ 및 Plasmin-α_2-Plasmin Inhibitor 복합체의 임상적 의의

김경욱,김은숙,정상수,윤수지,박우일,이준희,남수연,안철우,문병수,김경래,차봉수,송영득,임승길,이현철,허갑범 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.5

연구배경:당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 섬유소용해 체계의 이상경향이 있어 그 결과로 여러 혈관합병증의 발생위험이 높다는 사실은 널리 알려져 있다. 그 기전은 아직 확실히 밝혀지지 않았으나, 고혈당으로 인한 혈장 단백질들의 비효소성 당화작용이나 산화성 스트레스로 인한 유리 라티칼 작용으로 응고항진이나 섬유소용해 활성의 저하를 유발하는 것으로 생각되고 있다. 최근 응고 및 용해인자와 그 억제자의 복합체들의 증가가 이 상태를 비교적 예민하게 반영한다고 알려져 있다. 방법:본 연구에서는 당뇨병 환자 101명과 정상 대조군 20명에서 혈장내 thrombin­antithrombin complex(TAT)와 plasmin­α₂­plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC)를 측정하여 비교하고, 당뇨병 환자에서 미세혈관 합병증과 대혈관합병증의 유무에 따른 차이와, 이미 혈관 질환의 위험인자로 알려져 있는 인자들간의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 결과:1. 환자의 분포를 살펴보면 혈관합병증이 있는 군은 85명, 혈관합병증이 없는 군은 16명이었고, 평균연령은 각각 57.9±14.1세, 49.9±16.6세로 혈관 합병증이 있는 군에서 더 나이가 많았고, 체질량지수는 23.2±3.4㎏/㎡, 24.1±3.4㎏/㎡로 두 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또 두 군간의 혈압 및 HbA1c, 공복혈당 및 인슐린과 C­peptide, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL­콜레스테롤, Lp⒜는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 미세혈관합병증이 있는 군에서 당뇨병의 유병기간이 길었다. 2. TAT 및 PIC의 농도는 정상 대조군에서는 2.8±1.2 ng/mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/mL이었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 9.5±22.6 ng/mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/mL이었다. TAT와 PIC 모두 당뇨병 환자군에서 정상 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었고(p<0.001), TAT/PIC ratio는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 3. 당뇨병 환자의 혈관합병증에 따른 TAT 및 PIC, fibrinogen 농도는 합병증이 없는 군은 각각 4.1±2.4ng/mL, 362.2±272.0ng/mL, 322.7±102.4mg/mL으로 PIC와 fibrinogen의 증가를 보였으나, 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 또 대혈관 합병증군에서는 각각 6.0±4.9 ng/mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/dL이었으며 미세·대혈관 합병증군에서는 10.4±6.4 ng/mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/dL으로 TAT의 증가를 보였으나 역시 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 4. 미세혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 PIC 농도가 유의하게 높았고(p=0.049), 대혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 총 콜레스테롤 농도가 유의하게 높았다(p=0.042). 5. 총 당뇨병 환자군에서 PIC는 fibrinogen과 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며(r=0.47, 0.31,-0.25), 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.67). 결론:이상의 결과에서 혈장 TAT 및 PIC 농도는 당뇨병 환자에서 정상 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가되어 있었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 연령의 증가와 유병기간이 혈액응고항진 및 용해의 장애에 큰 역할을 함을 알 수 있었으며, 총 당뇨병 환자군에 PIC와 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 용해의 장애가 동반되어 있다고 볼 수 있으며, 혈장 TAT 및 PIC는 혈관합병증으로의 진행을 예측하는 지표로서 유용하리라 생각된다. 또 혈당조절정도와 상관성이 있으므로 혈당조절후에 추적검사를 시행하여 합병증의 예방이 가능한지 추후 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. Background : Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolystic system is known as a predisposing factor of vascular complication in diabetes. Although the pathogenesis is not well known, non-enzymatic glycation reaction and the increase in production of free radicals due to an increased oxidative stress may be linked to the hypercoagulibility and hypofibrinolytic activity. As indices of abnormality in coagulation and firinolysis in peripheral blood, plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ complex (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) were measured. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether hypercoagulability exists in diabetic patients with or without vascular complication. Methods : In our study, we measured plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ compelx (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibit or complex (PIC) in 101 diabetic subjects and 20 controls. Comparing TAT and PIC levels in diabetic microvascular complication group, diabetic macrovascular complication group and controls, we examined correlation between risk factors associated with diabetic vascular complication. Results : 1. The group with diabetic vascular complication was older than group without complication. There was no significant difference in BMI, blood pressure, HbA_ic, blood sugar level, insulin, C-peptide, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, Lp (a) between two groups. The group with diabetic microvascular complication had longer duration of diabetes. 2. Concentration of TAT and PIC were 2.8±1.2 ng/ mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/ mL in controls and 9.5±22.6 ng/ mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/ mL in diabetic patients, respectively. TAT and PIC were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control (p<0.001). But TAT/PIC ratio was no significant difference between two groups. 3. In diabetic patients, concentration of TAT and PIC and fibrinogen were respectively 4.1±2.4 ng/ mL, 362.2±272.0 ng/ mL, 322.7±102.4 mg/ dL in group without vascular complication and 5.3±4.1 ng/ mL, 529.5±258.7 ng/ mL, 374.9±106.2 mg/ dL in group with microvascular complication, which group had increase in PIC and Fibrinogen but no significance after correction of age. Concentration of TAT and PIC and Fibrinogen were 60.±4.9 ng/ mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/ mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/ dL in macrovascular complication, and 10.4±6.7 mg/ mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/ mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/ dL in combined vascular complication which group showed increase of TAT but also had no significant increase after correction of age. 4. In diabetic microvascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.049) had significant high PIC concentration. In diabetic macrovascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.042) had significant high total cholesterol concentration. 5. In all diabetic patients, PIC was positively correlated with fibrinogen and HbA_1c and negatively correlated BMI (r=0.47, 0.31, -0.25). Only in daibetic patients without angiopathy, TAT was positively correlated with HbA_1c (r=0.67). Conclusion : In this study, plasma TAT and PIC concentration significantly increased in diabetic patients compared with controls, and PIC was increased in group with microvascular complication, TAT were increased in group with combined micro macrovascular complication. However, there was no significance relationship existed when correctinf for age. PIC was correlated with HbA_1c. TAT was correlated with HbA_1c only in the group without angiopathy. Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolysis were combined in diabetes, plasma TAT and PIC can be used as an index of vascular complication. Also we found the correlation with the degree of the blood glucose control. Therefore we need follow up study for the possibility of prevention of vascular complication after controlling the blood glucose to age-matched patients (J Kor Diaabetes Asso 25:354~363, 2001).

Synthesis of CuO Wires from Layered Organic-Inorganic Hybrids

Huh, Young-Duk,Kweon, Seok-Soon Korean Chemical Society 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.12