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김원배,윤영길,현종호 서울대학교 체육연구소 2000 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.21 No.2
The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of performance on the competitive anxiety in competitive situation. To achieve the aim of this study, the subjects were surveyed 172 swimming athletes and all athletes who selected the represent from each province was participated in Busan's Korea National Senior Games on 2000. The CSAI-2 Inventory developed from Martens et al(1990) was used to measure the athlete's psychological anxiety level, the method of survey was visited the athletic club school accommodation before 2 days ago in main events. The results was analysed by SPSS/PC and Mean/Standard Diviation were yielded in each factor. The independant t-test was used to know the difference of cognitive anxiety and physical anxiety on sex, athletic carrear, win experience after Middle School. On the basis of the results analyzed in this study, the conclusion were drawn as follows; 1.The difference of anxiety on sex was significantly appeared. The anxiety of girl players was higher than one of boy players. 2.The difference of anxiety on athletic carrear was significantly appeared. The anxiety of less carrear players was higher than one of more carrear players. 3.The difference of anxiety on win experience didn't significantly appeared.
정구복,김원일,이종식,신중두,김진호,윤순강 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.1
우리나라 중부지역에서 1998년 3∼5월에 과수원 토양 164지점(경기 48, 강원 36, 충북 36, 충남 44지점)을 대상으로 표토(0∼20 ㎝)와 심토(20∼40 ㎝)로 나누어 채취하여 토양내 중금 속함량과 분포특성, 총함량에 대한 침축액별 가용성 함량 비율 및 토양 이화학성과의 관계 를 비교 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 과수원 토양중 0.1 N-HCl 침출성 평균함량은 Cd 0.080, Cu 4.23. Pb 3.42 ㎎/㎏, 1 N-HCl 침출성 As 평규함량은 0.44 ㎎/㎏, 중금속 총함량 은 Zn 78.9, Ni 16.09 및 Hg 0.052 ㎎/㎏ 이었다. 과수원 토양내 중금속 평균함량은 우리 나 라 토양환경보전법의 토양오염 우려기준(Cd 1.5, Cu 50, Pb 100, Zn 300, Ni 40, Hg 4 ㎎/ ㎏)과 비교하여 1/25∼1/76.9 수준으로 안전하였다. 토양의 중금속 총함량에 대한 침출액별 가용성 함량비율은 Cd 5.4∼9.2, Cu 27.9∼47.8, Pb 12.6∼21.8, Zn 15.8∼20.3, Ni 5.3∼6.3, Cr 0.7∼3.6% 이었고, 특히 0.05 M-EDTA 침출성 CU 및 Pb의 침출비율이 상대적으로 높 게 나타났다. 토양내 Cd, Pb 및 Ni의 총함량은 모래함량과 부의상관, 미사와 점토함량과는 정의 상관을 보였다. 토양의 중금속 총함량에 대한 침출액별 가용성 함량비율은 점토함량과 는 부의 상관을 보였으며, Zn과 Ni의 함량비율은 토양 pH값, 유기물 및 유효인산 함량과 정 의 상관을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 볼 때 과수원 토양의 중금속 함량은 토양환경보전법의 토양오염기준보다 매우 낮아 안전하였으나 영농활동에 의한 영향으로 볼 수 있는 농도수준 이 검출된 일부 토양에서 조사되었다. 따라서 최근의 친환경농업 측면으로 볼 때 영농형태 별 중금속의 분포 및 농업자재에 의한 농경지내 중금속 부하량에 근거하여 중금속 오염유무 를 평가할 수 있는 판단기준에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다. Objectives of this study were to monitor the distribution of heavy metals, to compare extractable heavy metal with total content and to investigate the relationships between soil physico-chemical properties and heavy metals in orchard soil. sampling sites were 48 in Gyeonggi, 36 in Gangwon, 36 in Chungbuk, and 44 in Chungnam. Soils were collected form two depths, 0 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm (here after referred to as upper and lower layers) from March to May in 1998. Total contents of heavy metal in soils were analyzed by ICP-OES after acid digestion (HNO₃:HCl:H₂O₂) whereas extractable contents were measured after successive extraction of 0.1 N-HCl, 0.05 M-EDTA, and 0.005 M-DTPA. Mercury was analysed by mercury atomizer. The average contents of Cd, Cu, and Pb in the extractant with 0.1 N-HCl at upper layer were 0.080, 4.23, and 3.42 ㎎/㎏, respectively. As content in the extractant with 1 N-HCl was 0.44 ㎎/㎏, and total contents of 20, Ni, and Hg were 78.9, 16.1, and 0.052 ㎎/㎏, respectively. m e ratios of concentrations of heavy metals to threshold values (Cd 1.5, Cu 50, Pb 100, Zn 300, Ni 40, Hg 4 ㎎/㎏) in soil Environmental Conservation Act in Korea (2001) were low in the range of 1/2.5-1/76.9 in orchard soils. The ratios of extractable heavy metal to total content ranged 5.4-9.21% for Cd, 27.9-47.8% for Cu, 12.6-21.8% for Pb, 15.8-203% for Zn, 5.3 -6.3% for Nii and 0.7 -3.6% for 2n, respectively. Cu and Pb contents in 0.05 M-EDTA extractable solution were higher than those in the other extractable solution. Total contents of Cd, Ni, and Ni in soils were negatively correlated with sand content, but positively correlated with silt and clay contents. Ratios of extractable heavy metal to total content were negatively correlated with clay content, but Zn and Ni contents were positively correlated with soil pH, organic matter, and available phosphorous. Therefore, the orchard soil was safe because the heavy metal contents of orchard soil were very low as compared to its threshold value in the Soil Environmental Conservation. Act However, it need to consider the input of agricultural materials to the agricultural land for farming practices for assessment of heavy metals.
경부 방사통으로 수술이 예정된 환자에서 실시한 선택적 신경근 차단술의 5년 추시 결과
정호연(Ho Yun Joung),김태균(Tae Kyun Kim),오성균(Sung Kyun Oh),신동진(Dong Jin Shin),심대무(Dae Moo Shim) 대한정형외과학회 2016 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.51 No.1
목적: 선택적 경추 신경근 차단술을 시행한 후 5년 이상 추시하여 그 결과 및 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2001년 1월에서 2007년 12월까지 경추부 수술적 치료를 위해 원광대학교 의과대학 원광대학교병원에 입원하여 수술전 선택적 신경근 차단술을 시행받은 환자 중 5년 이상 추시가 가능하였던 39명을 대상으로 하였다. 추시 기간은 평균 64.3개월(60-73개월)이었으며, 나이는 평균 57.7세(37-69세)였다. 신경근 차단술 시행 후 증상이 호전되어 수술을 시행하지 않은 환자군과 신경근 차단술 후 수술적 치료를 받은 환자군의 임상적 및 방사선적 특징을 비교하였다. 결과: 연구 대상 환자 39예 중 최종 추시까지 20예(51.3%)에서 수술을 시행하지 않고 호전되었으며, 이 중 13예는 추가적으로 보존적 치료를 받았다. 수술군과 신경근 차단술군에서 시각통증척도 점수는 최종 추시에서 두 군 모두 평균 3.0점, neck disability index는 수술군과 차단술군에서 각각 최종 추시 평균 11.3점, 13.6점으로 두 군 간의 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았으며, 7예(17.9%)는 선택적 신경근 차단술 후 최종 추시까지 다른 치료 없이 증상 호전이 지속되었다. 결론: 선택적 경추 신경근 차단술은 증상의 호전 및 치료에 도움을 줄 수 있는 유용한 방법이라고 생각된다. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the 5-year outcome of patients considering surgery for complaint of cervical and radiating pain treated by selective nerve root block (SNRB). Materials and Methods: Between January 2001 and December 2007, 39 cases were selected from patients who underwent SNRB before the operation and were followed-up for more than five years. The mean follow-up period was 64.3 months and the mean age was 57.7 years. The patients were divided into the operation group and the only cervical SNRB group. The groups were compared for gender, age, duration, disease, single or multi-level, and root compression rate on magnetic resonance imaging. The clinical results were analyzed using the neck disability index (NDI) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Results: Among the 39 cases scheduled for the operation, 20 cases (51.3%) did not proceed to the operation and 13 cases among them were treated with additional conservative treatment. The average VAS score for the operation group and the cervical SNRB group was 8.1 points and 7.5 points at the preoperative state and the pre-injection state. After surgical treatment and cervical nerve root block, the scores were 3.0 points for all. The NDI for the operation group was 11.3 points at the last follow-up. The NDI for the cervical nerve root block group was 13.6 at the last follow-up. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Shorter duration and younger age tended to show a higher operation rate. At the last follow-up, 7 cases (17.9%) after cervical SNRB had persistent symptom relief without other treatment. Conclusion: Cervical SNRB is considered an effective treatment for patients with cervical disease with radiating pain and who are scheduled for an operation.
A Switching Technique for Common Mode Voltage Reduction of 2-Level Inverter
Yun,Hwan-Kyun,Kim,Lee-Hun,Kim,Jun-Ho,Won,Chung-Yuen,Choi,Gi-Su,Bae,Joung-Hwan 성균관대학교 2002 학술회의지원논문목록집 Vol.2002 No.-
Much attention has given to EMI effects created by variable speed ac drive system. This paper focuses on the switching technique to mitigate common mode voltage. Zero switching states of inverter control invoke large common made voltage. Using inversed carrier wave, zero switching states are removed. In addition, proposed technique is easy to apply to existing 2-level inverter design. And common mode mitigation technique for sinusoidal PWM is also presented. Proposed switching technique is implemented with a 2.2kw 1735rpm induction motor.
A Switching Technique for Common Mode Voltage Reduction of 2-Level Inverter
Yun Hwan-Kyun,Kim Lee-Hun,Kim Jun-Ho,Won Chung-Yuen,Choi Gi-Su,Bae Joung-Hwan 전력전자학회 2001 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2001 No.10
Much attention has given to EMI effects created by variable speed ac drive system This paper focuses on the switching technique to mitigate common mode voltage<br/> Zero switching states of inverter control invoke large common mode voltage Using inversed carrier wave, zero switching states are removed In addition, proposed technique is easy to apply to existing 2-level inverter design. And common mode mitigation technique for sinusoidal PWM is also presented<br/> Proposed switching technique is implemented with a 2 2kw 1735rpm induction motor<br/> Index Terms-Conducted emissions, drives, electromagnetic compatibility.<br/>