Measuring Retailer Equity

Han,Sang-Lin,Baek,Mi-Young 한국상품학회 2010 商品學硏究 Vol.28 No.6

The main purpose of this study is to test empirically that used theories of retailer equity and tool of retailer equity about the two of major distribution channels - discount store and on-line shopping. We used indices from Arnett, Laverie and Meiers (2003) and those factors are retailer loyalty, name awareness, service quality, retailer associations, and perceived value. For this study, we collected data from major discount stores and on-line shopping sites in South Korea. As a result, only retailer loyalty influences on retailer equity in discount store and retailer loyalty and product quality influence retailer equity. Our paper is organized as follows. First, we discussed about retailer equity and the underlying dimensions of retailer equity. Second, based on the research of Arnett, Laverie and Meiers (2003), we demonstrate a indexes of retailer equity using regression analysis for comparing discount store and on-line shopping. Third, we discuss some managerial implications of this research for retail practitioners and suggest for future research.

유방암과 섬유선종의 방사선학적 소견 : 유방 단순촬영술과 유방 초음파검사 소견의 비교 연구 Studies on mammographic and ultrasonographic findings evaluation

임한혁,최득린,고은석,이혜경,임철완,이상진,홍현숙,최교창,김영화,박재성 순천향의학연구소 1997 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.3 No.2

Purpose : To evaluate the utility of mammography and ultrasonography in study of morphologic differential diagnosis between malignant and benign mass. Materials and Methods : Average age of patients with breast cancer was 48.4 year-old, and that of fibroadenoma was 29.4 year-old. The equipments used for examination were MF-159 high frequency mammography(Bennet Co.) and Acoustic image 5200S. We evaluated mammographic findings about breast parenchymal pattern, calcification, margin and size of the mass associated tumor nature, and ultrasonographic findings about shape, height and width, internal homogenicity and echo pattern, wall contour, boundary echo, and posterior shadow in breast mass. Thirty-seven of mammographic findings and 34 cases of ultrasonogreaphic findings in pathologically proven breast cancer and 34 case of mammographic findings and 71 cases of ultrasonographic findings in breast fibroadenoma were reviewed retrospectively. Results : In mammographic study, the parenchymal patterns of breast cancer according to Wolfe classification were NI(16.2%), PI(24.3%), P@(37.8%), and DY(21.6%) and those in fibroadenoma were NI(3.1%), Pl(11.7%), P2(35.2%),and DY(50%). Mammographic findings about presence of calcification were as follows; only calcification(16.2%), only mass(51.3%), and mass with calcification(32.5%) in breast cancer, and only mass(91.2%), mass with calcification(8.8%) in fibroadenoma. The features of mass margins were classified as ill-defined margin(45.9%), well-defined(5.4%), and well-defined with partial spiculation(48.6%) in breast cancer and ill-defined(20.5%), well-defined(73.5%), and well-defined with partial spiculation(5.8%) in fibroadenoma. The mass were grouped by size; 1-2cm(37.8%), 2-4cm(45.9%), and 4-6cm(16.3%) in breast cancer and 1-2cm(79.4%), 2-4cm(17.6%), and 4-6cm (3.0%) in fibroadenoma. On ultrasonographic study, the shape of masses in breast cancer were lobulated(82.3%),oval(14.7%), and round(3.0%),and those in fibroadenoma were lobulated(14.0%), oval(57.7%), and round(18.3%). The cases that the height was longer than width were 32.3% in breast cancer and 0% in fibroadenoma. The findings about homogenecity and echo patterns were as follows; hypoechoic(52.9%) and mixed(47.1%) in breast cancer and hypoechoic(2.8%), hypoechoic(63.4%), and mixed(33.8%) in fibroadenoma. The margin of masses were smooth in 85.9% of fibroadenoma, and irregular in 73.6% of breast cancer. The boundary echoes of masses and decreased posterior echo shadow were seen only in 61.8% and 55.9% of breast cancer, respectively. Conclusion: The margin and calcifications are more clearly delineated on mammography but breast cancer and fibroadenoma, both are more commonly developed in dense parenchymal pattern(P2+DY),and there findings are easily obscured in mammography. So ultrasoography is very useful in these masses evaluation, especially amoung young patients.

공원묘지 유실에 의한 대량재해의 개인식별

강신몽,이한영,윤중진,이원태,김종열,이영석,서재관,최득린,서지석,이혜경 大韓法醫學會 1992 대한법의학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Individual identification of severely decomposed or skeletonized bodies is an important part in medicolegal field. 142 bodies were torn up and carried away by flood in a park cemetry, Kwang-Ju, Kyunggi province, Korea at Sept., 10, 1990. The authors examed the 56 bodies, which were gained, through medical, anthropological, odontological, radiological methods, and superimposition for individual identification. Among them, 41 cases were successfully identified, and remaining 15 cases were not identified because of sever destruction and no adequate information.

신동맥 협착 정도에 따른 도플러 초음파 소견

박재성,이혜경,김대호,최득린,권귀향,홍현숙,임한혁,김기정 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.2

Renal artery stenosis is the one of causes of hypertension in a small percentage of all patients but is only anatomical cause that can be treated by means of surgery and percutanecous transluminal angioplasty. Angiography is the golden standard for diagnosis of renal artery stenosis, but a little invasive. With the advent of abdominal Doppler ultrasonography, renal artery stenosis could be diagnoed noninvasively. The experienced hands appears to be valuable in the doppler examination, ut some investigators consider it almost useless. The authors studied the effect of stenosis of renal artery on the downstream intrarenal blood flow, a snare was placed around renal artery in 12 rabbits and compressed to create stenosis while Doppler ultraonographic curve and flow index were obtained from main renal and interlobar arteries by means of placement of 10-MHz curved linear tranducer directly on the surface of kidney. The Doppler measurements were compared with the percentage of stenosis on angiograms. The results were as follow: 1. Ten satisfactory angiograms and Doppler ultrasonograms were obtained. 2. Three renal arteries were created stenosis below 70% (Group A), Seven were above 70% (Group B). 3. The ranges of RI (resistance index) were 0.61-0.86 (mean 0.78±0.154) at main renal arteries, 0.57-0.85 (mean 0.77±0.231) at interlobar artery. The range of PS (peak systolic velocity) were 13.1-28.8 (mean 21.65±4.445) m/sex at main renal artery, 5.2-18.1 (mean 11.74±4.095) m/sec at interlobar arteries. The RI of rabbits were higher than those of human (mean 0.58±0.05). 4. The range of RI in stenotic arteries of group B were 0.45-0.74 (mean 0.57±0.143) at main renal artery, 0.52-0.65 (mean 59±0.051) at interlobar arteries. The range of PS were 11.2-21.3 (mean 15.04±3.755) m/sec at main renal arte교, 5.7-11.3 (mean 8.24±2.056) at interlobar artery. The difference were statistical y significant (P=0.0302), but without remarkable change in group A. 5. Doppler ultrasonographic curve during progressive compression of renal artery showed dampened systolic waveform and diagonal upstroke at main renal arteries (71.4%) and interlobar arteries (85.7%) in group B, but without remarkable change in group A. 6. Release of the arterial compression caused higher than normal peak systolic velocity initially, at main renal arteries (42.9%) and interlobar arteries (28.6%). but the curve of all rabbits returned to normal within 5 minutes. The Doppler ultrasonographic index and curve were not changed on follow up Doppler ultrasonogram at 5 min. 10 min. 30 min. and 1 hour. The change of the systolic curves that compressed experimentally is identical to change in the pulsus tardus and parvus waveforms seen in both acute and chronic severe renal artery stenosis in humans, can helpul for the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis and the effects of treatment by percutaneous tranluminal angioplasty and surgery.

Effect of Filler Particle Size and Morphology on the Mechanical Properties of Nanofiller Containing Resin Composites

LIN J,Shinya A,Gomi H,Shinya A,Zheng G,Lin H,Han JM 대한치과재료학회 2011 대한치과기재학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.5

Impact of Hypertension on Cognitive Decline and Dementia

Han Lin Naing,Shyh Poh Teo 대한노인병학회 2020 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.24 No.1

Dementia reduces a person’s ability to perform their activities of daily living and is the leading cause of morbidity worldwide. While most preventive measures are ineffective in reducing dementia risk, active treatment of hypertension in middle-aged and older adults without dementia may reduce the incidence of dementia. Hypertension is associated with vascular dementia but may also affect the manifestations of Alzheimer disease. Observational studies support the association between hypertension and white matter lesions, hippocampal atrophy, and cognitive decline. Both increased and decreased blood pressure were related to the development of white matter lesions. Cohort studies showed that hypertension treatment and treatment duration were associated with lower cognitive decline. This study describes findings from randomized controlled studies on the effects of antihypertensives on cognitive decline. Only the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial using calcium-channel blockers demonstrated a significant reduction in dementia incidence. Further studies are required to evaluate the long-term benefits of antihypertensive treatment in dementia.

The Ideological Construction of English: A Critical Review on the Discourse of English in East Asia

( Han Yi Lin ) 범태평양응용언어학회 2014 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.18 No.1

This research investigates the ideological character of the English language in East Asia. It focuses on the prevailing beliefs, values and propositions relating to English as a global language and the spread of English in the non-English East Asian countries, namely China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. By analyzing how English is presented in governmental and educational documents, news reports and advertisement, it examines the presentation and construction of discourses and explores public assumptions on the English language. First, in the second section, it reviews the development of English in East Asia in the late 20th and early 21st century. The third section discusses the relations between language, ideology and discourse. Section Four illustrates the research questions and the rationale and hypothesis of this study. In the fifth section, the construction of discourses concerning English and ideological assumptions regarding the English language in these East Asian countries is investigated. Finally, discourses and presuppositions identified in the texts and their implications are discussed. This study suggests that discourses concerning English in East Asia are conditioned by the external global structure and the local socio-cultural context. Concepts such as globalization, internationalization, economic development, national competitiveness and individual competitiveness influence the discourses on English. In the context of East Asia, the ideology of English consequently functions as part of the mechanisms involved in the global spread of English.

A New species and Three unrecorded species of Zanclognatha Lederer (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from China

Han Hui-Lin,Park Kyu-Tek,Shi Lu-Long 한국응용곤충학회 2004 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.1

The Promotion of English in East Asia at the Turn of the 21st Century: A Politico-Economic and Socio-Cultural Review

( Han-yi Lin ) 범태평양 응용언어학회 2018 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.22 No.1

This research provides an interdisciplinary and contextual study on the phenomenon of English promotion at the turn of the 21st century. Through documentary research and semi-structured interviews, it examines the politicoeconomic and socio-cultural dimensions of English promotion in the context of East Asian countries, including China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. It is suggested that in East Asian societies where economic development, education, and cultivation of manpower are emphasized, English as an acquirable competence is given high socio-cultural value due to its strong association with economic well-being. English is considered the resolution of national competitiveness and a prerequisite of individual economic achievement, and it not only leads to a series of economics-driven language and education policies but also boosts the economy of English-related industries in these non-Englishspeaking East Asian countries. Overall, English promotion in East Asia is an economics-and-politics-driven, self-justifying mechanism which illustrates how the value of English and the social and individual investment on English teaching and learning are legitimated and how English as commodity is marketed through a synthesis of discourses, presuppositions, and national policies.

Surface wettability and contact angle analysis by dissipative particle dynamics

Lin, Tzung-Han,Shih, Wen-Pin,Chen, Chuin-Shan Techno-Press 2012 Interaction and multiscale mechanics Vol.5 No.4

A dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation was presented to analyze surface wettability and contact angles of a droplet on a solid platform. The many-body DPD, capable of modeling vapor-liquid coexistence, was used to resolve the vapor-liquid interface of a droplet. We found a constant density inside a droplet with a transition along the droplet boundary where the density decreased rapidly. The contact angle of a droplet was extracted from the isosurfaces of the density generated by the marching cube and a spline interpolation of 2D cutting planes of the isosurfaces. A wide range of contact angles from $55^{\circ}$ to $165^{\circ}$ predicted by the normalized parameter ($|A_{SL}|/B_{SL}$) were reported. Droplet with the parameters $|A_{SL}|>5.84B{_{SL}}^{0.297}$ was found to be hydrophilic. If $|A_{SL}|$ was much smaller than $5.84B{_{SL}}^{0.297}$, the droplet was found to be superhydrophobic.