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대학생 집단의 학습기술·학습동기·학업적응도와 학업성취와의 관계
김기정 서원대학교 2004 敎育發展 Vol.23 No.1
The study skills, learning motivation. academic adjustments are the significant factors that positively influence the learning process of school learners. In this study, the study skills were measured by 7sub-skills of self-managements, listening and participating in class, task-solving, effectively reading, report writing, information processing, and test-taking Learning motivation were composed of academic self-efficacy and academic failure tolerance And academic adjustments were composed of single scale with 20 items. The purpose of this study were to examine relationships between these process variables and learning outcomes, to explore the relative importance and combined effects of these process variables(10 factors) to academic achievements, and to find the differences in the process variables by sex and academic achievements levels. For this study, 100 male students and 229 female students were purposively sampled in S University. Their GPA were also obtained from their instructors. The major findings in this study were as followings. First, the study skills, learning motivation, and academic adjustments were closely interrelated with the correlation of .53 - .72. The combined effects of study skills and learning motivation to academic-adjustments were 61 percent. Among the variance, the test-taking skill had 57 percent, and self-efficacy skill, task-solving skill, and effectively reading skill had 11 percent, 2 percent, and 1 percent respectively. Second, lower achiever showed more negative behavior and attitudes than normal and higher achiever in 9 factors of the learning process variables. Among these factors. task-solving skill were found to be most important factor through regression analysis. This factor explained 15 percent of variance of academic achievements. Third, the level that college students have utilized study skills in their school learning were 2.8 and the level of learning motivation were 2.5 on 4-point scale. The skill that the students used most frequently were task-solving(3.1 point). Female students showed more positive behavior than male students in the use of study skills. In learning motivation, male showed more positive attitudes. But there were no significant differences by sex in academic adjustment.
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북한 붕괴시 다국적군 파병 가능성과 한국의 외교적 대응
김기정 한국전략문제연구소 1999 전략연구 Vol.6 No.3
One cannot think of any possible change in the international politics of East Asia without considering North Korea, which is surely a decisive variable determining stability and change in the regional security. This paper examines the regime crisis and possible alteration in the nature of North Korean regime. Therefore, a very starting point that this paper is concerned is possible collapse of North Korea and possibility of intervention by multinational forces, should any dramatic events occur. For the first part of the paper argues that, in forecasting North Korean collapse, the definition of collapse should be presented with more precise definition. When setting scenarios for the collapse of North Korea, its collapse scenario must be multidimensional rather than linear dimensional Not only the collapse of North Korea occurs due to a single factor but also it will not proceed in a single dimension. Distinguishing implosion and explosion tends to oversimplify and, moreover, ignore externality which accounts for foreign policies by surrounding states (the Us, Japan, Russia and China) toward North Korea. Considering externality implies that the Korean problem is influenced by the international community and especially North Koreas survival is much more determined by what types of foreign policy are exerted by the surrounding states in the region. The second part of the paper entails the actual scenarios of North Korea and examines possibilities of intervention by multi-national forces in the courses of the collapse. Collapse can be seen in the forms of socio-economic, political regime and system collapse. The socio-economic collapse entails the breakdown of food-rationing, surveillance and production systems. In it, the existing social stratification and class tension will be apparent. The collapse of political regime defines power struggles, military-coup and civil wars. The final phase of collapse is the demise of the system. Once the socio-economic and political foundation become obsolete, new fungible groups must come in to replace the old one. This is where the intervention of international community may be visible and gradual unification. may come into reality. Should North Korea collapse, the surrounding states (the Us, Japan, China and Russia) may intervene by claiming that their intervention is to secure the regional and international stability as well as their own national security. Each state may justify its decision based on prior-bilateral agreements that are formed either by North or by South Korea. The complex web of alliance pacts around the Korean peninsula may enable them to participate in the advent of the collapse. The US may intervene with the Time Phased Force Deployment under the Operation Plan 5027. The US may do so through its policy of engagement and enlargement. China, self-advocate to be a regional stabilizer, may intervene under the China-North Korea Pact, formed in 1961, which agrees to provide any necessary assistance, including military means, should any engaging party falls into invasion by other states. Japan can play its role under the new US-Japan New Guide Line which explicitly allows Japan to engage in the Non-combat Evacuation Operation (NEO) if any crisis occur in the region. As seen in the case of Somalia, Bosnia and East-Timor recently, the role of the United Nation may play decisively in implementing its peace keeping mission. The last part of the paper reviews the German experience, especially the foreign policies of the Kohl government in the phase of the German unification, which effectively dealt with and prevented any foreign intervention including the former Soviet Union. From this, the paper conclude with implications for the Korean foreign policy readiness: Korea should tighten its current alliance with the US and at the same time should be able to secure its unification initiatives independent of external influences. If not, Korea must at least minimize foreign intervention so as to maximize its interest and lead its national destiny as a unitary actor.
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김기정,정상기,김현집,진용준,윤상훈 대한척추신경외과학회 2009 Neurospine Vol.6 No.2
Since 1966 the first metal ball shape implant was inserted into the cervical and lumbar areas by Dr. Fernström, numerous attempts and prostheses have been tried to maintain physiologic range of motion and prevent adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after surgery. However fusion itself is not a single causative factor of ASD and other biologic factors including natural progression of degenerative process and mechanical factors also contribute in the development of ASD. Several well designed prospective randomized control studies for Bryan disc and Prodisc C have been recently documented preservation of spinal motion, superior or, at least, equivalent clinical outcome in comparing with anterior cervical arthrodesis, and less adverse postoperative events both in frequency and severity. Still remained or undetermined problems in cervical arthroplasty are heterotopic ossifications, segmental kyphosis of implanted levels, MR imaging compatibility, vertebral body fracture by keeled prostheses and long term wear properties. In spite of these unsolved problems and incompleteness of prosthetic design, cervical arthroplasty is now considered as one of standard methods in surgical management of one or two level cervical disc diseases and its indication may be broader in near future. Since 1966 the first metal ball shape implant was inserted into the cervical and lumbar areas by Dr. Fernström, numerous attempts and prostheses have been tried to maintain physiologic range of motion and prevent adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after surgery. However fusion itself is not a single causative factor of ASD and other biologic factors including natural progression of degenerative process and mechanical factors also contribute in the development of ASD. Several well designed prospective randomized control studies for Bryan disc and Prodisc C have been recently documented preservation of spinal motion, superior or, at least, equivalent clinical outcome in comparing with anterior cervical arthrodesis, and less adverse postoperative events both in frequency and severity. Still remained or undetermined problems in cervical arthroplasty are heterotopic ossifications, segmental kyphosis of implanted levels, MR imaging compatibility, vertebral body fracture by keeled prostheses and long term wear properties. In spite of these unsolved problems and incompleteness of prosthetic design, cervical arthroplasty is now considered as one of standard methods in surgical management of one or two level cervical disc diseases and its indication may be broader in near future.
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문화유물론: 관념론적 문화론의 해체와 예술과 일상의 화해
김기정 인문콘텐츠학회 2019 인문콘텐츠 Vol.0 No.54
Cultural materialism still provides important conceptual resources for understanding the present cultural landscapes. It is a concept created by Raymond Williams, who is regarded as the founder of cultural studies, to build a framework for materialistic understanding of culture. Williams sought to overcome both idealistic cultural theory and vulgar Marxism, which nearly means economic reductionism, while attempting to establish a materialistic concept of culture based on tradition of historical materialism by accepting theoretical achievement of post-structuralism. This study critically examined some of the core contents of cultural materialism, together with recent works on Williams and cultural materialism. Cultural materialism has exposed the hidden partisans surrounding culture under Marx's humanistic tradition of the public. In addition, it broke the vertical structure of power relations in the cultural domain, while at the same time giving priority to the rationale of delving into everyday life, to which a new ontology was given. Raising problems and providing solutions may still be evaluated experimental and radical at this point. However, it is as ever valid and important to us in terms of having the potential and power to solve various difficulties that conventional culture theory has not solved. 현재의 문화적 지평을 이해하기 위해 여전히 중요한 개념적 자원을 제공하고 있는 문화유물론은 문화연구의 정초자로 평가받는 레이몬드 윌리엄스가 문화에 대한 유물론적 이해의 틀을 마련하기 위해 만든 개념이다. 윌리엄스는 관념론적 문화 이론과 경제 환원주의에 가까운 속류 마르크스주의 양자를 극복하면서 후기구조주의의 이론적 성과를 받아들여 사적 유물론의 전통에 입각한 문화에 대한 유물론적 개념 수립을 꾀하였다. 본 연구에서는 문화유물론의 핵심적 내용 일부를 윌리엄스와 문화유물론에 대한 최근까지 이루어진 연구들과 함께 비판적으로 검토하였다. 문화유물론은 대중에 대한 마르크스의 휴머니즘적인 전통 아래 문화를 둘러싼 숨겨진 당파성을 폭로하고, 문화적 영역에서의 수직적인 권력관계를 파기함과 동시에 일상에 새로운 존재론을 부여함으로써 일상에 천착할 당위성을 누구보다도 우선적으로 제시하였다. 이러한 그의 문제 제기 방식과 해법은 현재 시점에서도 여전히 실험적이며 급진적이라 평가될 수 있겠지만, 종래의 문화론들이 해결하지 못한 여러 어려움들을 해결하는 잠재성과 파급력을 갖는다는 측면에서 우리에게 여전히 유효하고 중요하다.
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