Antibiotic Resistance and Assessment of Food-borne Pathogenic Bacteria in Frozen Foods

Eunhye Baek,이도경,Seok Jang,Hyangmi An,Mijin Kim,Kyungjae Kim,Kangoh Lee,Namjoo Ha 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.12

One hundred ninety-three frozen food samples collected in Korea various public bazaars from October 2006 to September 2007. Staphylococci were detected in 21.8% of frozen food samples. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 17 (8.8%) samples. Other staphylococci isolates were identified as S. warneri (7.8%), S. epidermidis (2.1%), S. xylosus (1.6%), S. eguorum (1%), and S. vitulinus (0.5%). Additionally, the antimicrobial susceptibility of 42 staphylococcal isolates to ten different antimicrobial agents was determined. The staphylococcal isolates demonstrated antimicrobial resistance to mupirocin (31%) oxacillin (14.3%), gentamicin (9.5%), teicoplanin (7.1%) and ciprofloxacin (7.1%). Most of the staphylococcal isolates showed high-level resistance to mupirocin (MIC90, >128 μg/mL). Fortunately, most of the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. The total bacteria and Escherichia coli count were tested to investigate the microbiological quality of frozen foods. From 193 frozen food samples, 43 (22.3%), 34 (17.6%) and 19 (9.8%) samples were shown to be of unacceptable quality due to total bacteria, coliform and E. coli counts, respectively.

Genetic Diversity of Echovirus 6 Strains Circulating in Korea

EunHye Jung,KwiSung Park,KyoungAh Baek,DongUk Kim,Shien-Young Kang,ByungHak Kang,Doo-Sung Cheon 대한미생물학회 2010 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.40 No.4

Impaired autophagy in DDC diet fed ob/ob mice

Eunhye Jung,Eun bok Baek,Eun-Ju Hong,Ji-Hyeon Kang,Suyoung Park,Young-suk Won,Hyo-Jung Kwon 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

Ob/ob mouse is a mutant obese mouse that lacks the production of leptin and intake food excessively, and develops hepatic steatosis. Previous studies have showed that non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD) patients showed decreased autophagy and defect of autophagy in hepatocytes is related with steatosis. In this study, we investigated whether impaired autophagy is involved in the development of fatty liver in ob/ob mouse. 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet was fed to wild type (WT) mice and ob/ob mice for 2 weeks. H&E and Oil Red O staining and the level of triglyceride and cholesterol were evaluated. The genes related with autophagy was examined by Western blot and real-time RT-PCR. H&E and Oil Red O staining exhibited more lipid accumulation in hepatocytes of DDC diet fed ob/ob mice compared with DDC diet fed WT mice. The hepatic level of triglyceride and cholesterol were also elevated in DDC fed ob/ob mice. The expression of p62 was higher in DDC diet fed ob/ob mice than in DCC diet fed WT mice, whereas LC3bⅡ conversion was decreased in DDC diet fed ob/ob mice. The levels of Atg2a, Atg3, Atg7, Atg12, Atg13, ulk1, and TFEB target genes, including ctsd, lipa/lal, Acp2, and Uvrag, were also down-regulated in DCC diet fed ob/ob mice than in DCC diet WT mice. In conclusion, this results suggest that autophagy is impaired in DDC diet fed ob/ob mice, which may be associated with more lipid accumulation in liver.

Gender Differences in Environmental and Health-Related Risk Perception in Korea

Eunhye Yoo,Kyungmin Baek 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2019 Asian Women Vol.35 No.4

This study investigates how and why women and men differ in their perceptions of environmental and health-related risk. A substantial body of gender research indicates that the gender difference in the perception of environmental and health-related risk is due to gender differences in the socialization process. Using Korean General Social Survey (KGSS) 2013 data, we analyzed socio-demographic factors that affect gender differences across a varied range of environmental and health-related risks. Our results are not completely consistent with that of previous studies of gender differences in the perception of environmental and health-related risks, and the results vary across environmental and health-related issues as well as between men and women. This calls for an unpacking of each factor involved in gender roles and gender ideology and its impacts on gender differences in perceptions of environmental and health-related risks.

Pulmonary toxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in SD Rats

Gyun-Baek Seo,Jung-Taek Kwon,Mimi Lee,Ilseob Sim,Eunhye Jo,Hyun-Mi Kim,Pilje Kim,Kyung-Hee Choi 한국실험동물학회 2012 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.8

Establishment of Standardized Glycosylation Analysis Methods for Recombinant DNA Products, Infliximab and Trastuzumab

Joon Ho Eom,Eunhye Park,Ki Dae Park,Sun Hee Kim,So Yeong Kang,Il Ung Oh,Sun Young Baek 한국당과학회 2013 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

Glycan of glycoprotein drugs, which are over 70 % of recombinant DNA products, is a very important evaluation factor in product development or quality evaluation, because it was known as have important roles in both medicinal effects and stability. Especially, in case of biosimilar drugs, which are being recently actively developed, for proving similarity with their innovator, comparative analysis of glycan structure has come to the core as a fundamental evaluation factor. Therefore we desired to establish the useful scientific foundation for quality evaluation and approval evaluation of glycoprotein drugs, thereby establishing standardized glycan analysis methods for glycoprotein drugs using high-tech mass spectrometer in this study. To achieve this, we proposed glycan analysis methods and confirmed these methods, by testing human IgG as glycoprotein and on sale glycoprotein drugs(Infliximab and Trastuzumab). As a result, we established simplified sample preparation method in comparison time-consuming other researches and check method whether or not glycosylation using deglycosylation enzyme treatment and MALDI-TOF-MS. We also established glycosylation pattern and glycan sequence qualtitative analysis method using MALDI-TOF-MS, which has advantage of rapid analysis, and glycan relatively quantitative analysis method using LC-QTOF-MS, which has advantage of quantitative analysis. Established MALDI-TOF-MS method can use to check sample preparation properly and to analyze glycosylation pattern and glycan sequence qualitatively. For relatively quantitative analysis of glycan content and precisely qualitative analysis of glycosylation pattern and glycan sequence, LC-QTOF-MS is more effective than MALDI-TOF-MS. In addition, we proposed glycosylation site analysis method and confirmed the method using LC-QTOF-MS and glycan database. Through this study, we established total five SOPs(Standard Operating Procedures); ① Glycosylation ascertainment test by MALDI-MS, ② Glycan qualtitative analysis by MALDI-MS, ③ Glycan qualitative and quantitative analysis by LC-MS, ④ Glycosylation site analysis by LC-MS, ⑤ Sample preparation ascertainment test by MALDI-MS. These SOPs can be useful in characterizaion of biosimilars.

Aluminum Nanoparticles Induce ERK and p38MAPK Activation in Rat Brain

Jung-Taek Kwon,Gyun-Baek Seo,Eunhye Jo,Mimi Lee,Hyun-Mi Kim,Ilseob Shim,Byung-Woo Lee,Byung-Il Yoon,Pilje Kim,Kyunghee Choi 한국독성학회 2013 Toxicological Research Vol.29 No.3

Aluminum nanoparticles (Al-NPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterial in cosmetics and medical materials. For this reason, Al-NP exposure is very likely to occur via inhalation in the environment and the workplace. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanism of Al-NP neurotoxicity via inhalation exposure. In this study, we investigated the effect AL-NPs on the brain. Rats were exposed to Al-NPs by nasal instillation at 1 mg/kg body weight (low exposure group), 20 mg/kg body weight (moderate exposure group), and 40 mg/kg body weight (high exposure group), for a total of 3 times, with a 24-hr interval after each exposure. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis indicated that the presence of aluminum was increased in a dose-dependent manner in the olfactory bulb (OFB) and the brain. In microarray analysis, the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activity (GO: 0043405), including Ptprc, P2rx7, Map2k4, Trib3, Trib1, and Fgd4 was significantly over-expressed in the treated mice than in the controls (p = 0.0027). Moreover, Al-NPs induced the activation of ERK1 and p38 MAPK protein expression in the brain, but did not alter the protein expression of JNK, when compared to the control. These data demonstrate that the nasal exposure of Al-NPs can permeate the brain via the olfactory bulb and modulate the gene and protein expression of MAPK and its activity.

Hydrocotyle ramiflora attenuates benign prostatic hyperplasia in the rats

Suyoung Park,Eun Bok Baek,Eun-Ju Hong,Eunhye Jung,Warisraporn Tangchang,Hwa-Young Son,Hyo-Jung Kwon 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urogenital disorder that affects up to 85% of males who are over 50 years-old. BPH is characterized by the increased proliferation of epithelial and stromal cells of the prostate. Hydrocotyle ramiflora (HR) of the family Apiaceae, is a perennial plant. HR is known as the induction of diuresis and antipyretic activity. And HR is used for therapy of disease of urinary system, such as ischuria and cystitis. The present study evaluated the therapeutic effects of HR on a testosterone-induced BPH rats. We induced BPH to rats by subcutaneous injections (s.c) of testosterone propionate (TP) daily for four weeks. Rats were also administered daily oral gavage of HR (150 mg/kg) or vehicle. After four weeks of induction, all animals were euthanized humanely and their prostate glands were removed, weighed and processed for further analysis, including histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, and western blot analysis. Administration of HR to TP-induced BPH rats considerably reduced prostate weight, epithelial thickness and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The expression of cleavage of caspase-3 was markedly increased by HR-treatment in the rats. In addition, HR decreased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and suppressed the expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor(VEGF) and Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). The activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were reduced by HR treatment in a TP-induced BPH rat model. These results indicate that HR is beneficial in the treatment of BPH by promoting the apoptosis and inhibiting the inflammation. Therefore, HR could be a useful agent in the treatment of BPH.

영농시기에 따른 영산강 지류의 수질 변화에 관한 연구

백종훈 ( Jong-hun Baek ),심홍빈 ( Hongbin Shim ),정강영 ( Kang-young Jung ),이영재 ( Youngjea Lee ),나은혜 ( Eunhye Na ),하돈우 ( Don-woo Ha ) 한국환경기술학회 2021 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.22 No.2

The water quality and flow rate measured every 8 days were evaluated for Yeongsan River basin tributary, the water quality forecasting sites of the Ministry of Environment. In this study, the characteristics of water quality and factors of change according to farming activities of Jiseokcheon4, Manbongcheon, and Hampyeongcheon3, the major tributaries of the Yeongsan River basin, were investigated through load continuity curve and statistical analysis. As a result, it was analyzed that BOD was less affected by the flow rate in the correlation and factor analysis, indicating that there was little inflow of organic matter into the river due to rainfall. It was analyzed that T-P flows into the river during rainfall that affects the flow rate during the farming season, but affects the small-scale rainfall during the non-farming season, which does not significantly affect the flow rate of the river. It is believed that T-P is caused by rainfall from rivers and fresh water from rice paddies caused by farming activities. Accordingly, for water quality management, it is necessary to identify the pollutant sources generated by farming activities and manage the outflow of pollutants by farming period.

Effects of Jakyakgamcho-tang on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a mouse model induced by cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide

Jee Hyun Kang,Eunju Hong,Eun Bok Baek,Suyoung Park,Eunhye Jung,Hyo-Jung Kwon 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disorder that is characterized by neutrophilic airway inflammation, airway remodeling and pulmonary emphysema. Jakyakgamcho-tang (JGT), an herbal prescription consisting of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, has been used in traditional Eastern medicine to treat gynecological diseases, arthritic diseases, and muscular diseases. Previous studies also have demonstrated the various therapeutic properties of JGT, including its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and anti-allergic effects. However, there is no study that has examined the effectiveness of JGT on COPD. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of JGT against COPD using a mouse model of cigarette smoke (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced COPD. COPD was induced by exposing to CS for 1 h per day for 8 weeks and intranasally received LPS on week 1, 3, 5 and 7. JGT was administered to mice by oral gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg 1 h before CS exposure for last 4 weeks. Compared with CS plus LPS-exposed mice, mice in the JGT-treated group showed significantly decreased inflammatory cells count and reduced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP- 1) levels in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue. JGT also suppressed the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) caused by CS plus LPS exposure. Furthermore, CS plus LPS induced increases in transforming growth factor (TGF)- β, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 were inhibited in JGT-treated mice. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that JGT prevents respiratory inflammation and airway remodeling caused by CS with LPS exposure.