동씨침을 시술한 안면경련의 치험 3례

김태우,김효은,조명제,강영화,이재동,Kim, Tae-woo,Kim, Hyo-eun,Cho, Myung-je,Kang, Young-hwa,Lee, Jae-dong 대한침구의학회 2003 대한침구의학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Objective : Hemifacial spasm is painless uncommon disorder characterized by involuntary paroxysmal movement of one side of face, In this study, the effect of Dong-Si acupuncture therapy for three patients with hemifacial spasm were evaluated. Methods : We have treated them with acupuncture treatment of Dong-Si acupuncture points(Cheuk-Samni and Cheuk-ha-Samni) and evaluated the effect by Scott's scale, For the first two weeks, it was dine once a day, and after two weeks, the other day. Results : Before therapy, the grades of spasm intensity classified by Scott's description in three cases were 3. And after Dong-Si acupuncture therapy, the grade of one case was 0, and two cases were 1. Conclusion : The Dong-Si acupuncture therapy for hemifacial spasm was effective and will be attempted to the patients with it.

SnO₂/TiO₂후막형 습도센서의 제조 및 특성

이건동,이재현,박효덕,이덕동,최흥문 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1991 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.2 No.1

SnO_(2) doped with TiO_(2) and other activating agents, is used as a raw material to prepare humidity sensors. SnO_(2) is an n-type semiconductor whose resistance is described as a function of relative humidity. SnO_(2)/TiO_(2) thick film humidity sensors have been fabricated by using typical silk screen printing techniques. The humidity sensitivity of SnO_(2)/TiO_(2) thick film has been investigated. And the sensing characteristics of the fabricated SnO_(2)/TiO_(2) sensors such as resistance change and response time, has been investigated from R.H.20 % to 90 %. Experimental results show that the impedance-humidity characteristics of the humidity sensors depend on the microstructure of surface roughness and pore size distribution.

백서 혈관평활근 세포에서 α-Lipoic acid가 PAI-1 발현, 세포의 증식, 주유능 및 신생내막 형성억제에 미치는 효과

신동우,이동욱,이상준,김혜순,강효경,안종덕,이인규 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.6

연구배경:당뇨병의 혈관 합병증의 발생에 있어서 산화스트레스는 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 혈관 평활근세포에서 고혈당은 안지오텐신Ⅱ와 더불어 활성산소족(ROS)을 증가시키며, 산화스트레스에 민감한 전사인자들을 활성화시켜 동맥경화증을 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 저자들은 항산화제로 알려진 알파­리포산이 혈관 평활근세포의 증식속도와 이주에 미치는 영향과 PAI­1발현에 미치는 영향을 조사하였고 이와 동시에 백서의 혈관 손상 모델을 이용하여 알파­리포산이 신생내막 증식을 억제시킬 수 있는지를 알아보았다. 방법:In vitro 실험은 백서의 대동맥 평활근세포를 고농도의 포도당(22mM)과 100nM의 안지오텐신Ⅱ로 4시간 배양하였다. 알파­리포산을 처리 후, PAI­1 mRNA의 발현을 보기 위해 노던 블롯을 시행하였고 평활근세포의 유주능과 증식속도에 미치는 영향을 보기 위해 성장속도의 유주능 분석을 시행하였다. 또한 평활근세포의 유주능에 NF­μB 경로가 미치는 영향을 보기 위해 겔 지연 분석과 NF­μB 보고 유전자 분석을 시행하였다. In vivo 실험으로 백서의 혈관손상 모델을 이용하여 알파­리포산 처리 후 혈관의 신생내막 두께를 비교하였다. 결과:In vitro 실험에서 고농도 포도당과 안지오텐신Ⅱ에 의해 유도된 PAI­1 mRNA 발현증가는 알파­리포산 처리에 의하여 용량에 비례하여 억제되었다(p<0.05). 알파­리포산 처리로 혈관 평활근세포의 유주능은 유의하게 억제되었으나(p<0.01),증식속도는 유의하게 억제되지 않았다. 또한 알파­리포산 처리로 NF­μB 발현도 유의하게 억제되었다(p<0.01). In vivo 실험에서 알파­리포산을 주입한 군에서 혈관손상에 의한 신생내막의 증식이 유의하게 억제되는 것을 보여주었다(p<0.01). 결론:알파­리포산은 백서의 대동맥 평활근 세포의 증식속도는 억제하지 못했으나 유주능은 유의하게 억제하였으며, 혈관 손상 모델에서 신생 내막 증식도 유의하게 억제함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 작용은 알파­리포산에 의한 NF­μB 경로의 억제와 연관이 있는 것으로 사료된다. Background : Exposure to large amounts of glucose causes a characteristic dysfunction and morphologic changes of the endothelium by an increased production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in diabetes. The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1), which modulates fibrinolysis and cell migration may influence proteolysis and neointimal formation in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC). Antioxidants have been proposed to inhibit multiple proatherogenic events. This study investigated the effect of α-lipoic acid on PAI-1 expression and VSMC proliferation and migration both in vivo and in vitro. Methods : In the in vitro study, cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells(RASMC) were incubated in a medium containing high glucose (22 mM) and 100 nM angiotensin Ⅱ for 4 hour. After α-lipoic acidtreatment, a -migration and growth assay of the RASMC, and a gelmobility shift assay and reportergene analysis for nuclear factor- иB(NF- иB) and northern blot analysis for PAI-1 were performed. In the in vivo study, the effect of α-lipoic acid on neointimal hyperplasia in a rat carotid balloon injury model was evaluated. Results : RASMC migration was inhibited significantly by α-lipoic acid (p<0.01), but their prolife ration was not inhibited. The NF-иB DNA binding activity and NF-иB promoter activity was inhibited by α-lipoic acid significantly (p<0.01). α-lipoic acid inhibited PAI-1 mRNA expression by high glucose and angiotensin Ⅱ in dose dependent manner (p<0.05). In the rat carotid artery balloon injury model, neointimal formation was reduced by α-lipoic acid treatment in a dose dependent manner significantly (p<0.01). Conclusion : α-lipoic acid suppresses migration, but not prolife ration in RASMC. α-lipoic acid also reduce neointima formation in a rat carotid balloon injured model. This effect might be related to the blocking of NF-иB which increase the expression of the genes associated with atherosclerosis including TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, endothelin-1, MCP-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, tissue factor(J Kor Diabetes Asso 25:446~459, 2001).

윤곽선 정보와 watershed segmentation을 이용한 영역 추출

이원효,설경호,염동훈,고기영,김두영 동아대학교 정보기술연구소 2003 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.11 No.1

This paper proposed a extracting method of the region for image using segmentation and edge information. First proposed algorithm extract information using canny edge detector and the image was divided by watershed segmentation. And it extract the image with edge information by merging region. Finally we compare the proposed method with levelset method. In the result proposed method not only extract the image with accurate region but also reduce operation time.

體育行政에 關한 考察 : 그 範圍가 對象을 中心으로

李同宰,李鉉貞 군산대학교 1988 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

This study is investigate the scope and the object of administration in physical Education through the publications of Korea, America and Japan. The result of this study was as follows : 1.The scope and the object of administration in Physical Education to be dealt with in korea were as follows ; meaning, organization, government, civilian group, school, army, sports for all, workshop and community, management and plan of facilities, law and rule. 2.Compared to the others, those not to be dealt with in Korea were as follows : int ramural games, extramural games, personnel management, financial management, publicity activities, accident and legal responsibility, accident insurance. 3.Among three nations about administration theory of physical Education, America deal with more its theory and the others deal with more its practice. 4.Therefore, we have to be concerned with interdisciplinary approach in order to its theoretical study because its theory must connect with practice for the scientific development of the administration in physical Education.

家外活動女性의 出産行爲 및 態度에 關한 硏究

李效再,李東瑗 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1975 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.25 No.-

1. In this survey it was uncovered that the average age of first marriage of women with outside-home activities was 25 years and their average number of pregnancies was 4.0. The average number of their live births was 2.5 while the number of their living children, on average, was 2.4:1.3 sons and 1.2 daughters. The average number of induced abortion practiced was 0.98. In general this survey revealed that the fertility of women with outside-home activities was lower than average women. However, considering the high level of education of women in this survey, it seems somewhat early to conclude that their fertility is lower; this should be re-examined in a more controlled survey in the future. Between the employed women and those in voluntary organizational activities, there is a clear difference of fertility. Considering the fact that women participating in voluntary organizational activities are actually in similar conditions as the average women, it can be said women's occupational activities are closely related with their fertility behavior. 2. The degree of knowledge of contraceptives that women with outside-home activities have is higher than that of average women. Also, the order of contraceptive methods according to their degree of knowledge is different from that of average women. Women participating in outside-home activities know on the average of 5.1 kinds of contraceptive methods, which is higher than the average women (Seoul: 1.12, urbanities: 0.90, women with education higher than senior high school: 4.03). The contraceptives that women with outside-home activities know about fall in the following order: oral pills, the rhythm method, condom, and vasectomy, whereas the average women know about the loop, condom, and oral pills, in that order. 3. Both women of outside-home activities and the average women highly approve of contraceptives. Concerning induced abortion, however, they show opposite attitudes. The average women give a somewhat positive response to induced abortion as 46% of them approve of it, while 41% disapprove. In case of those women participating in outside-home activities, induced abortion is generally negated-only 17% of them approve and the majority (66.4%) disapprove. 4. Though women of outside-home activities are generally negative toward induced abortion, the rate of their actual practice of induced abortion is higher than that of average women. Furthermore, when questioned " Will you have an induced abortion when it is an unplanned pregnancy?", a large majority of them (66.0%) answered that would, and only 13.3% of them answered they would give birth. From this, it can be observed that even though those women with outside-home activities basically have a negative attitude toward induced abortion, they actually practice a high rate of induced abortion. 5. Much more women of outside-home activities use contraceptive methods than the average women. 80% of them have had the experience of using contraceptives while 44% of the average women have. Also, a higher rate of women with outside-home activities, than the average women, are at present using contraceptives. 6. Women of outside-home activities are somewhat more acceptant of sterilization as 13% of them practice it, which is higher than the 3% of the average women who do. Among these women, 4.9% (tubal ligation, 2.9% or 17 women, and vasectomy, 1.7% or 10 men) directly used the permanent contraceptive method without ever using other methods. 54.6% of those women in outside-home activities approved of vasectomy, higher than the 42.8% of them who approved of tubal ligation.

쑥 추출물의 항돌연변이 활성효과

이성,권동진,유진영,정동효 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.1

한국산 쑥으로부터 얻어진 ethanol 추출물과 각 용매획분에 대하여 in vitro로서 Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay 시험을 하여 자체 변이원성 유무와 4가지 양성 변이원 물질(3㎍/plate 2NF, 2㎍/plate AFB_1, 1㎍/plate Trp-P-1 그리고 1㎍/plate Trp-P-2)에 대한 항돌연변이 활성에 대한 쑥의영향을 고찰하였다. 쑥의 ethanol 추출물은 2NF, AFB_1, Trp-P-1 그리고 Trp-P-2 등으로 유도한 돌연변이 시험(Ames test)에서 변이원성을 보여주지 않았다. 돌연변이 억제시험에서는 frameshift type인 Sal. typhimurium TA 98에 대하여 직접 변이원인 2-NF에서는 19.7~22.9%, 간접 변이원인 AFB_1, Trp-P-1과 Trp-P-2에서는 각각 47.9~61.2%, 64.1~70.7% 그리고 67.4~78.7%의 억제효과를 나타내었다. 또한 쑥의 ethanol 추출물을 n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate 그리고 water로 각각 분획하여 직접변이 원인 2-NF와 간접변이원인 AFB_1을 사용하여 변이원성과 항돌연변이원성 시험을 하였다. 돌연변이 시험에서 변이원성은 4가지 획분에서 모두 나타나지 않았다. 직접 변이원인 2-NF로 유도된 돌연변이에 대하여 n-hexane 획분은 9.4~33.7%, chloroform 획분은 21.6~26.5% 그리고 ethytl acetate 획분은 2.4~21.9%를 나타내었다. 간접 변이원인 AFB_1로 유도된 돌연변이에 대하여 n-hexane 획분, chloroform 획분 그리고 ethytl acetate 획분들은 각각 63.0~80.0%, 77.5~82.1%, 68.5~83.1%로 높은 억제 효과를 보여주었다. Mugwort has been know as a traditional substitutive foodstuff and as showing a physiologically beneficial function to a human being. Therefore, effect of mugwort extract in terms of mutagenicity and desmutagenicity was investigated to verify its function. Ethanol extract from mugwort did not exhibit any mutagenicity. On the contrary, inhibitory effects of the ethanol extract were observed on mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B_1(AFB_1), 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole(Trp-P-1), 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3]indole(Trp-P-2) and 2-nitroflourene(2NF) using Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. On direct-acting mutagen(2NF, 3 ㎍/plate), ethanol extract showed a slight inhibitory effect of 19.7%~22.9%, however on indirect-acting mutagen such as AFB1(2 ㎍/plate), Trp-P-1(1 ㎍/plate) and Trp-P-2(1 ㎍/plate), we observed higher inhibitory effect of 47.9~61.2%, 64.1~70.7%, 67.4~78.7%, respectively. Step-wise fractionation of the ethanol extract was done by using hexane, chlorofractions showed high inhibition of 63.0~80.0%, 77.5~82.1%, and 68.5~83.1%, respectively on the mutagenicity of AFB_1 in Sal. typhimurium TA98. Consequently, these results indicated that mugwort extract contains some compound(s) which may show desmutagenicity.

메조기공의 실리카-티타니아 코겔의 제조와 자율적 조습 및 광촉매 특성

이상화,곽중협,서태수,김효중,김동표 한국공업화학회 2003 공업화학 Vol.14 No.3

수용액상의 졸겔반응에 의해 메조기공의 실리카-티타니아 코겔을 제조하고 이들의 자율적 조습력과 광촉매 특성에 대해 검토하였다. 실리카-티타니아 코겔에 있어 조습력과 관계되는 세공크기와 용적은 본 연구에서 고안된역적정법에 의해 Ph 7부근 및 SiO_2/TiO_2 비가 상대적으로 큰 9/1인 경우에 가장 큰 생성물이 얻어졌다. 폐놀 분해율에 의한 광촉매 특성은 동일조건에서 SiO_2/TiO_2 비가 감소함에 따라 증가하였고, SiO_2/TiO_2 비가 9/1에서 세공크기 4.0~6.0 nm 및 세공용적 0.6~0.8 mL/g 범위로 제어된 코겔의 경우 환경습도 40~70% 범위에서 흡습량 25%, 방습량 45%로서 종래 조습재료 보다 자율조습력이 큰 것을 볼 수 있었고, 같은 조성의 실리카-티타니아 혼합 산화물과의 폐놀 분해율에 의한 광촉매 특성 비교에서도 우수한 물성을 보이고 있었는데 이것은 Ti-O-Si 결합형성으로 인해 코겔 구조내에 음전하 과잉으로 인한 활성점(브렌스테드 산점) 발현에 기인된 것으로 고찰된다. Silica-titania cogel materials have been prepared by aqueous sol-gel process using a back titration technique designed for this study. The humidity self-control and photocatalytic properties of the materials have been also investigated. In these silica-titania cogel materials, relatively large pore size and pore volume than can give a good humidity control ability are desired, and they were synthesized under the reaction condition at pH of 7 and SiO_2/TiO_2 ratio of 9/1. The photocatalytic property, which was measured by the decomposition ratio of phenol, increased with the decrease of SiO_2/TiO_2 ratio in the composition. The cogel at the SiO_2/TiO_2 ratio of 9/1, resulted in the pore size of 4.0~6.0 nm and the pore volume of 0.6~0.8mL/g. At the relative humidity range of 40~70%, the amounts of moisture absorption and desorption were 25% 45%, respectively, and these had a better humidity control ability than conventional ones. In addition, the cogel showed a superior photocatalytic property compared to that of silica and titania mixture with the same composition. This enhancement is probably due to the revelation of active sites by the excess negative charges that were induced by Ti-O-Si bond formation in the cogel structure.

표정인식을 위한 PCA와 템플릿 정합을 사용한 얼굴 요소 추출

우효정, 이슬기, 김동우, 류성필, 안재형 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2013 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.27 No.2

This paper proposed an extracting algorithm of human facial components for the recognition of facial expressions. First face image is acquired using the Haar-like feature mask from an input image. The face image is divided into two images. One is the upper image including eye and eyebrow. The other is the lower image including mouth and jaw. The extraction of facial components, such as eye and mouth, begins getting eye image and mouth image. Then eigenfaces are produced by the PCA training process with learning images. An eigeneye and an eigenmouth are produced from eigenfaces. Result eye image is obtained by template matching the upper image with the eigeneye, and the mouth image is obtained by template matching the lower image with the eigenmouth. The simulation results show that the proposed method has superior extraction ratio than previous method.

부하주파수 제어를 위한 자기조정 FPID제어기의 설계

이오걸,주석민,정동일,김상효 동의공업대학 1999 論文集 Vol.25 No.1

A self-tuning FPID(Fuzzy Proportional Integral Derivative) controller for load frequency control of 2-area power system is proposed in this paper. The parameters of the proposed self-tuning FPID controller are self-tuned by the proposed fuzzy inference technique. Therefore, in this paper, the fuzzy inference technique of PID gains using PSGM(Product Sum Gravity Method) is presented and is applied to the load frequency control of 2-area power system. The computer simulation results show that the proposed controller give better more control characteristics than conventional PID, FLC under load changes.