Hong Dae-yong’s Beijing Travels and His Changing Perception of the West-Focusing on Eulbyeong yeonhaengnok and Uisan mundap

Lee Hyung-dae The Academy of Korean Studies 2006 THE REVIEW OF KOREAN STUDIES Vol.9 No.4

Fluoxetine이 Schedule-Induced Polydipsia가 유발된 백서 뇌에서 Tyrosine Hydroxylase 발현에 미치는 영향

이기철,이정호,최영민,정주호,정홍경,이용민,김도형,이대환 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.2

연구목적: Fluoxetine은 serotonin을 매개하여 간접적으로 dopamine 신경전달기능을 억제한다고 추정되고 있다. 또한 운동장애에서 운동기능의 악화를 유발한다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 신경세포체에서 fluoxetine이 dopamine에 어떠한 영향을 주는지는 아직까지 확실치 않다. 저자들은 schedule-induced polydipsia를 유발시킨 백서 뇌의 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵에서 tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) 발현이 저하됨을 발견하였다. 이를 통해서 fluoxetine이 백서 뇌의 dopamine 기능에 긍정적인지 혹은 부정적인지를 규명하고자 하였다. 방법: 4주간의 schedule-induced polydipsia 과정을 거친 백서에서 면역죄치화학적인 방법으로 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵의 tyrosine hydroxylase 발현이 저하됨을 확인한 후, 실험동물들에게 fluoxetine 10mg/kg를 3주간 복강내 주사하였다. 실험백서들을 희생시켜 뇌 조직을 적출하여, TH 면역조직화학 염색법을 이용하여 흑질, 복부피개영역, 그리고 미상핵의 TH 면역반응세포를 관찰하고 이를 정상백서와 비교하였다. 결과: 1) 다갈증이 유발된 백서의 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵에서 tyrosine hydroxylase 발현이 정상백서 보다 저하됨을 관찰하였다. 2) 3주간에 걸친 fluoxetine 투여후 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵의 tyrosin hydroxylase 발현이 다시 증가하는 소견을 보였다. 결론: Fluoxetine 만성투여가 흑질, 복부피개영역 그리고 미상핵의 tyrosin hydroxylase를 증가시키는 소견을 얻었다. 이러한 결과는 임상에서 dopamine 결핍과 연관된 질환들에서 fluoxetine을 만성투여하면 운동기능을 포함한 증상들의 개선을 가져올 수도 있다고 추정된다. Objective: It has been suggested that fluoxetine inhibits the dopaminergic neurotransmission by serotonergic mediation. And also, it has been shown to inhibit synthesis of DOPA in dopamine-rich areas of the rat forebrain. These dopamine-antagonistic capacity of fluoxetine is only supported by anecdotal report that the increased amount of motor disability in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease after exposure to fluoxetine. However, there is still no evidence of the direct effect of fluoxetine on dopaminergic neuronal cell body in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of fluoxetine in rat brain which showed decreased numbers of dopaminergic neuronal cell body induced by schedule-induced polydipsia(SIP). Method: We incidentally found that 4 weeks of schedule-induced polydipsic rats revealed the suppression of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen with the immunohistochemistric measures. After 3 weeks of intraperitoneal injection of 10mg/kg of fluoxetine to the schedule induced polydipsic rats, the tyrosine hydroxylase expression was also measured with immunohistochemistry. We compared the tyrosine hydroxylase expression among the normal control, the polydipsic rats, and the rats with fluoxetine treatment. Results: 1) By contrast with the control, the polydipsic rats revealed the evidence of decreased tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen. 2)After daily injection of fluoxetine for 3 weeks, the polydipsic rats showed increment of tyrosine hydroxyase expression in those areas. Conclusions: In previous studies, a great deal of results suggest that fluoxetine negatively influence the dopaminergic systems indirectly via serotonergic activation such as inhibition of dopamine synthesis or transport system. Although our results are obtained from rodents, we suggest that fluoxetine directly and positively enhance the dopamine system in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen. The chronic adminstration of fluoxetine may be helpful to dopamine-depleted condition in clinical situations. We anticipate the replication studies of our findings and well-controlled clinical trial.

Discordance in Spirometric Interpretations Based on Korean and Non-Korean Reference Equations

Nami Kim,Mi-Hee Park,Se-yeong Kim,Chunhui Suh,Sangyoon Lee,Kun-Hyung Kim,Chae-Kwan Lee,Dae-Hwan Kim,Jong-Tae Lee 대한직업환경의학회 2013 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.25 No.-

Objectives: Korean regression models for spirometric reference values are different from those of other ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to evaluate discordance in spirometric interpretations based on using Korean reference equations versus non-Korean reference equations. Methods: Spirometry was performed on 825 Korean male workers from April 2009 to November 2011. The spirometric patterns and disease severity were evaluated using two Korean equations (Choi’s and Lee’s) and three equations for Caucasians (NHANES III, Morris’s, and Knudson’s), and the results of Choi’s equation were compared with the non-Korean equations. The spirometric patterns were defined as normal, restrictive, and mild and moderate obstructive. Results: The mean differences in the FEV1% and FVC% between the two Korean equations were 2.0 ± 1.3% and 3.5 ± 2.2%, respectively. Morris’s equation had the greatest difference in the FEV1% from Choi’s equation: 32.9 ± 8.5%. Knudson’s equation had the greatest difference in the FVC% from Choi’s equation: 10.5 ± 6.5%. Conclusions: The two Korean equations shared similar characteristics of spirometric interpretation. The spirometric interpretations of Choi’s equation were significantly different from those of Morris’s equation and Knudson’s equation.

알루미늄 연속주조 용탕의 탈 가스 일체화 장치 개발

이용중,김태원,김기대,류재엽,이형우 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

It is necessary for managing a perfect process for degasing aluminum molten metal according to the increase of a grade of aluminum and its alloy products. There are some methods that have been used to manage a degasing process in recent years, such as an injection method that uses aluminum molten metal powder and chemicals supplier and input method that supplies argon and nitrogen, or chlorine gas by using a gas blow-tube. However, these methods show some problems, and it shows that it is a difficult process to handle, pollution due to the producing a lot of toxic gases like chlorine and fluoride gas, irregular effects, and lowering work efficiency due to the excessive processing time. The problems that are the most fatal are the producing a lot of sludge due to the reaction of aluminum molten metal with chemicals, loss of metals, and decreasing the life of refractory materials. In order to solve these problems, this paper develops a technology that is related to aluminum continuous casting molten metal and monolithic degasing apparatus. A degasing apparatus developed in this study improved the existing methods and prevented environmental pollution with smokeless, odorless, and harmlessness by using a new method that applies argon and nitrogen gas in which the methods used in the West and Japan are eliminated. The developed method can significantly reduce product faults that are caused by the production of gas and oxidation because it uses a preprocessed molten metal with chemicals. In addition, the amount of the produced sludge can also be reduced by 60~80% maximum compared with the existing methods. Then, it makes it possible to minimize the loss of metals. Moreover, the molten metal processing and settling time is also shortened by comparing it with the existing methods that are applied by using chemicals. In addition, it does much to improve the workers' health, safety and environment because there is no pollution. The improvement of productivity and prevention effects of disaster from the results of the development can be summarized as follows. It will contribute to the process rationalization because it does not have any unnecessary processes that the molten metal will be moved to an agitator by using a ladle and returned to process for degasing like the existing process due to the monolithic configuration. There are no floating impurities due to the oxidation caused by the contact with the air as same as the existing process. In addition, it can protect the blending of precipitation impurities. Because it has a monolithic configuration, it can avoid the use of additional energy to compensate the temperature decreasing about 60? that is caused by the moving of molten metal. It is not necessary to invest an extra facilities in order to discharge the gas generated from a degasing process by using an agitator. The working environment can be improved by the hospitable air in the factory because the molten metal is almost not exposed in the interior of the area.

마이크로 컴퓨터를 이용한 과학교육 실험 학습방안에 관한 연구(2) : 정량적 연속변화법을 이용한 화학양론의 학습

이대형 春川敎育大學 1992 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

계몽가사와 성적 욕망의 시적 인식 : 그 부정적 성 모타르의 역사적 의미

이형대 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 한국문학연구소 2001 한국문학연구 Vol.- No.2

The study is for explaining the matters of sexual desire in Gasa verses printed in newspapers in the period of enlightenment in the connection with female discussion at that time. Sexual restriction was expressly shown in the works of which the poetic objects are female. Enlighteners who regarded the sexual desire except for reproduction as a taboo, seemed to realize a control mechanism by identifying the immoral sexual desire with savagery. Especially the poetic expression of sex formed by severally satirizing Japanese disgusting sexual desire and Japan-friendly persons immoral sexual desire, displayed resistance against the crooked civilization and the promotion of national consciousness. This shows that the sexual discussion was placed between the establishment of national subjectivity to protect national rights and the strategy of national salvation to overcome the Japanese imperialism. In this viewpoint, the control of sexual desire related to sanitation has the same background. Along with this, it cannot be overlooked that the enlighteners were sick of women who started to leave their family which is a closing space and their desire before the new value of sex was established in the unstable age caused by the emancipation of social position and enlightenment. This fact can be found in the poetic expressions of horrible punishment on women who expressed their sexual desire. Womens sex could not escape from the boundary of family and monogamy. Social spaces allowed to women who were born again as the members of people, were just schools and labor markets where they could work for national salvation, education and the promotion of industry.

디지털 정보시대의 문화지도 그리기 : 매체 특성 및 활용 방안과 관련하여 the property of media and the plan of practical use

이형대 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 한국문학연구소 2003 民族文化硏究 Vol.38 No.-

이 논문은 전자문화지도(Electronic Cultural Atlas)가 지니는 디지털 텍스트로서의 매체 특성과 인문학 연구에서의 활용방법을 모색해보고자 작성한 것이다. 디지털 미디어인 전자문화지도는 문자 텍스트가 지닐 수 없는 중대한 특성을 가지고 있다. 첫째는 인간의 통합적인 지각 조건에 가까운 멀티미디어의 텍스트라는 점이다. 이는 특정한 문화형태의 전자적 재현을 실현시킬 수 있다. 둘째는 하이퍼텍스트로 구현된다는 점이다. 비순차적, 비선형적인 하이퍼텍스트는 독자가 텍스트의 경로를 선택할 수가 있다. 또한 양방향성의 대화적 소통이 가능하기 때문에 여러 사람이 연구에 참여할 수가 있다. 각각의 주제를 지닌 전자지도를 제작하고, 그것을 중첩시켜서 의미를 탐색하는 연구의 목표는 생산적 효과를 가져와야 한다는 점이다. 전자문화지도를 활용한 연구의 결론이 단일한 원리의 추출에 그쳐서는 곤란하다. 전자문화지도는 인문학의 여러 영역들을 가로지르면서 새로운 의미생산을 촉발하는 매체, 또는 도구의 역할을 수행하여야 한다. The purpose of this paper is to study the property of media as a digital text and to search the practical use in the humanities by the using of Electronic Cultural Atlas. The Electronic Cultural Atlas, a digital media, has a special property that cannot be shown in an analog text. Firstly, the Electronic Cultural Atlas is a multi-media text that verges on a synthetic perceptional condition of a human being. It can reproduce the special culture electronically. Secondly, the Electronic Cultural Atlas embodies a hypertext. By a non-ordinal and non-lineal hypertext, we can choose a route of search. In addition, it is possible to communicate in the Electronic Cultural Atlas. Thus many people can take part in the study. The Electronic Cultural Atlas should be a media that promotes a significant study. For this purpose, we have to make the map with various themes. With the Electronic Cultural Atlas, we can expect the multi and interactive research.

PLZT 세라믹을 이용한 SAW Filter의 특성

이수대,이찬구,안형주,문준규 경남대학교 신소재연구소 2003 신소재연구 Vol.15 No.2

현재 사용되고 있는 SAW 필터 기관물질 중 세라믹 기관은 다공정과 생산에 따른 물성의 재현성 부족을 제외한다면 단결정 기관에 비해 생산단가의 저렴화, 생산공정의 단순화 및 대량생산의 측면에서는 훨씬 경쟁력이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고온 압축성형법에 의해 1235℃의 온도와 200㎏/㎠의 압력에서 30시간동안의 제조조건에서 조성비 x/65/35(x=5-8)인 PLZT 세라믹 기관들을 제조하여 SAW필터로써의 응용가능성을 살펴보았다. 각 조성별 유전을, SAW 전파 속도, 기계결합계수 등을 측정 비교한 결과 SAW 필터 기관물질로 가장 적합한 조성비는 7/65/35였다. 이 조성비로 제작한 SAW 필터에서 상대적으로 양호한 출력 특성을 얻었고 단결정 기관으로 제작한 SAW 필터에 버금가는 특성을 확인할 수 있었다. The single crystal substrate has been the industrial standard for the design of SAW filters for a long time. However, the ceramics substrate had more simple fabricated process than the crystal. In this study, it was attempted that single crystal was substituted for PLZT(La/Zr/Ti = x/65/35, x=5∼8 at. %) ceramics. The ceramics substrate was prepared by hot-pressed method at temperature 1235C, 200㎏/㎠, 30hrs. The real permittivity, SAW velocity and mechanical coupling factor of PLZT ceramics were measured for a different La mol% content. In the results, we could observed that 7/65/35 composition SAW filter had a good characteristics of frequency response.

알루미나-유리 복합체의 제조에 이용되는 유리의 조성에서 ZrO₂의 함량변화가 복합체의 기계적 성질에 미치는 영향

이주형,강동진,원대희,이민호,배태성 大韓齒科器材學會 2000 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.27 No.3

This study was performed to investigate the effect of ZrO2 addition in borosilicate glasses on the mechanical properties of alumina-glass composites. Porous alumina compacts were prepared by slip casing and sintered at 1100℃ for 2 hours. Dense composites were made by infiltration of molten glass into partially sintered alumina at 1200℃ for 6 hours. Specimens were polished sequentially from #800 to #2000 diamond disk, and the final surface finishing on the tensile side was received an additional polishing sequence through 0.3㎛ diamond paste. Biaxial flexure test was conducted by using ball-on-three-ball method at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Fracture toughness was measured by a single edge V-notched beam (SEVNB) method with 2.5×5×20 mm rectangular bar. To examine the microstructural aspect of crack propagation in the alumina-glass composites, Vickers-produced indentation crack was made on the tensile surface at a load of 49.0 N and dwell time of 15 sec, and the radial crack patterns were examined by an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The minimum biaxial flexure strength was obtained with an addition of 2 mol% ZrO₂ in glass composition and strength values increased with the increase of ZrO₂ content. 2. The minimum fracture toughness was obtained with an addition of 2 mol% ZrO₂ in glass composition and toughness values decreased with the increase of ZrO₂ content. 3. Fracture surfaces indicated the frictional interlocking of rough surfaces left behind the fracture front.

단일항 여기 산소에 의한 광용혈에 미치는 D-mannitol, ascorbic acid, aspirin 및 sodium azide의 영향

이대형 春川敎育大學 1991 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

The effects of the D-mannitol, ascorbic acid, aspirin and sodium azide against the singlet oxygen induced photohemolysis were investigated. D-Mannitol and ascorbic acid were particulary effective in blocking the photohemolysis, when they were added to the RBC solution before and after irradiation. And sodium azide was effective only when it was added before irradiation. These results indicated that RBC was damaged mainly by singlet oxygen during irradiation, but other active oxygen species such as hydroxy radicals were found out to participate in lysis during post-incubation period. And the aspirin, which was known as inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, was also showed the protective effect only when it was added with relatively high concentration. Accordingly, it seems that the prostaglandin pathway is related with the singlet oxygen induced photohemolysis.