사전규제의 폐지 및 사후규제로의 전환 법리 연구

최철호 청주대학교사회과학연구소 2018 한국사회과학연구 Vol.40 No.1

Currently, the National Assembly has submitted laws such as the Regulation Sandbox Act, which is a set of regulations reform bills, but it has not yet been passed. Moon Jae-in, the president 'Regulatory reform meeting' Regulatory Reform, chaired by the policy of the enhanced through efficient, but the quality enhancement, etc in the regulations and to empower.Major national goals by pushing ahead with the regulatory reforms and a practical agenda. If the first stage of regulation reform, which has been focused on the number of regulatory reforms in Korea for nearly a year since March 2014, has focused on quantitative reform, the recent second stage of regulation reform will have great impact. The existing regulatory reform was to keep the regulations centered on entry regulations, change the licensing rights from strong regulations to weak reporting, or simplify the legal requirements and procedures of regulations. However, the government is allowed to change the licensing system to a report system, or to mitigate regulations that simplify the legal requirements and procedures of regulations, to be regulated by the administrative authorities before starting or operating the business. Therefore, the government should not be regulated in advance in order to guarantee the freedom of business, which is guaranteed as the fundamental right of the Constitution by allowing venture start-ups and businesses to be started up freely. In the course of such free operation, the government changed the method of administrative fines that served as an entry barrier to business, and the free operation of the people without prior regulation. 현재 국회에는 규제개혁을 위한 법률안들인 규제샌드박스법률안 등이 제출되어 있으나 아 직 통과가 되지 않은 상태이다. 문재인 대통령은 '규제혁신회의'를 직접 주재하면서 규제개혁 의 정책 체감도를 높여나가는데 역량을 강화하기로 하고 규제품질의 선진화 등의 실천의제를 선정하여 규제개혁을 주요 국정과제로 하여 추진하고 있다. 2014년 3월부터 1년 여간 추진해온 1단계 규제개혁이 전체적인 규제개혁의 숫자에 중심 을 두는 '양적 개혁'에 초점을 맞췄다면 최근의 2단계 규제개혁은 파급력이 큰 규제 혁파에 중심을 두는 '질적 개혁'에 규제개혁의 중심을 두고 있는 것이 특징이다. 기존의 규제개혁은 진입규제를 중심으로 하는 규제 자체는 존치시킨 상태에서 강한 규제 인 인·허가를 약한 규제인 신고제로 변경하거나, 규제의 법정 요건이나 절차를 간소화하는데 그치는 규제완화가 주된 것이었다는 한계가 있었다. 그런데 인허가제를 신고제로 변경한다든가 규제의 법정 요건이나 절차를 간소화하는 규제 완화는 여전히 창업이나 영업을 하기 전에 사전에 행정당국에 의해 규제를 받도록 하고 있기 때문에 일종의 진입장벽으로 기능할 여지가 있어서 자유롭게 창업이나 영업을 하는데 장애로 작용하고 있다. 따라서 스타트 업 등 벤처 창업이나 영업을 자유롭게 할 수 있도록 하여 헌 법에서 기본권으로 보장하고 있는 영업의 자유를 보장하기 위해서는 사전에 행정당국으로부 터 규제를 받지 않게 하는 것이 중요하다. 이처럼 창업이나 영업을 하는데 진입장벽 수단으로 기능하고 있는 사전규제방식을 전환하 여 사전에 규제를 하지 않는 자유영업을 원칙으로 하면서, 이러한 자유 영업을 하는 과정에 서 국민이나 경제에 유해한 결과를 발생시키면 그 때에 과태료, 과징금, 영업정지 등의 행정 적 제재를 가하는 사후규제방식으로 전환하는 것이 중요하다.

친기스 아이트마토프와 발렌틴 라스푸틴의 두 갈래 길

권철근 서울대학교러시아연구소 1992 러시아연구 Vol.2 No.-

The two prominent Soviet writers, Chingiz Aitmatov and Valentin Rasputin, share a good deal of similarity, despite of their difference in the ethnic origin. This may be because they were born in the Eastern part of the former Soviet Union, Kirghiz republic and Irtutsk in Siberia. But in spite of their external similarity, they show us a big artistic difference in the world of their works. This fact may expose us the two different paths which the former Soviet writers may have taken under the dominance of Socialist Realism. At the center of their art, the two writers place man and his relationship to his fellow man, to society, and to nature. But their problems and conflicts are of a universal nature and transcend the narrow confines of the remote countryside. Valentin Rasputin continuously pays attention to the same topic, the problem of provincial society and people under change. Aitmatov also treats the same problem, but his description of the village under change is greatly different from that of Rasputin, who is always in the stream of village prose. Unlike Rasputin, Aitmatov is never considered as a village prose writer, because the evolution of his creative mastery reaches to the Cosmos, to the Bible. Among the many examples which show the difference of the two writers, the themes of women, children, and folklore are prominent. At the center of Aitmatov's early stories, up to "Proshchai, Gul'sary!", there are always women, such as Dzhamilia, Asel', Altynai. There is much in common between the fate of the women protagonists in Aitmatov's early prose. Most of them break with tradition and with the established pattern of life of the Kirghiz village woman. Their actions express the eternal striving for personal freedom and the desire for happiness, but most fail to achieve the desired contentment and tranquility. Therefore, the theme of the women in the early prose writings is concluded as the tragedy of women in the patriarchal society. The women in Rasputin's writings are tragic, too. The major protagonists in all the stories are simple peasant women except Nastena. Since Rasputin values most in Russian women her goodness, tranquility, conscientiousness, and the feeling of an involuntary responsibility and guilt for all and everything that happens in this world, Rasputin's women are good, devoted, selfless, and ready for self-sacrifice. The roles played by the children in the works of Aitmatov are played by the old women in the works of Rasputin. Both Children and old women observe reality and tell us about their impressions. In the world of the two writers the ethical values professed by the society are measured in relation to its attitude to the young and the old. Evil and corruption, existing in the society, are juxtaposed with the naive faith in goodness and pureness experienced by the children and in the personal experience of the life passed through by the old. Thus, both the children and the old women become an index of value judgement for the society they belong. The elements of folklore are various. Among the many folkloric elements, Rasputin adopts the animistic belief, such as Master, while Aitmatov uses totemistic belief, such as Deer mother Maral, Great Fish Woman. The study of the two belief systems shows us that totemism in nature is colorful and grand, while animism pale, submissive, and potential. This also shows the different nature between them. Aitmatov's view on the development of Soviet literature and the arts reflect very much the official position in the realm of artistic evolution. But Rasputin encountered rather severe critical reception for the world of Matera. The comparison of the two writers quite clearly shows us their difference in the nature of their writings.

골부초와 자갈대에 의한 고랭지 감자재배지 토양보전 효과

박철수,정영상,주진호,이원정,양재의 한국환경농학회 2005 한국환경농학회지 Vol.24 No.1

강원도 고령지 지역의 밭은 경사지에 발달한 곳이 많아서 강우에 의한 유거수와 토양의 유실이 많이 일어나게 된다. 일부 지역에서는 석비레를 이용하여 농업을 하고 있어 강우침식을 쉽게 받을 수 있다. 이러한 농경지 밭에 쉽게 적용하여 토양유실을 저감시킬 수 있도록 하기 위해 농경지 인근에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 잡초와 토양침식 후 표면에 남은 자갈을 이용하여 골에 일정 간격으로 두어 그 효과를 살펴보았다. 토양 유실량은 식양토이면서 13%의 경사를 가진 포장에서는 사경과 등고선 경작만으로도 토양 유실량을 현저히 줄일 수 있는 것으로 나타났고, 경사가 23%,인 석비레 사양토 포장에서는 토양 유실이 심하게 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 부초와 자갈을 최소로 이용하는 골최소부초와 골자갈대를 시험구에 처리함으로써 처리하지 않은 구에 비해 횡계와 용산 포장에서 45% 이상의 토양 유실 저감 효과와 유거수 발생 또한 저감시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 사양토인 석비레 성토 지역의 경우는 토양 유실량이 보전처리구에서 61 Mg/ha 이상이 발생하여 골최소부초와 골자갈대를 3 m 간격으로 처리 하여서는 그 효과를 허용 토양 유실량인 11 Mg/ha 이하로 낮출 수 없는 것으로 평가되어 단일한 방법으로는 토양보전에 부족할 것으로 평가되었다. To develop proper soil management practices for reducing soil erosion, experiments were carried out by using lysimeters in Pyeongchang highland, Korea. Lysimeters installed at Hoenggye had 13% slope, 15 m slope length and 3 m width. Lysimeters with 23% slope, 15 m slope length and 5 m width were also installed at Yongsan. Soil textures in Hoenggye and Yongsan lysimeter plots were silty clay loam and sandy loam, respectively. In the lysimeters potato was cultivated, and slant furrow culture and contour culture were applied. Up-down furrow and continuous fallow lysimeter was included in the experiments as a control plot. For the slant furrow and contour culture methods, minimum furrow mulching and gravel barrier were placed at each end of the furrows in the lysimeters from April to October in 2000 and 2001 to prevent soil and nutrient losses. In Heonggye, in two years experiments, average soil loss of 17 Mg/ha was found in the up-down and continuous fallow lysimeter and 2.6 Mg/ha from furrow minimum straw and slant furrow treatment, and 1.8 Mg/ha from slant furrow and gravel bag treatment. In the contour culture, the soil losses were further reduced. In Yongsan, soil loss in the slant furrow culture without any protection treatment was 167 Mg/ha, and the soil loss was reduce to 61 and 86 Mg/ha with minimum straw and gravel bag treatments, respectively. The soil loss could be reduced more than 45% by furrow minimum straw and gravel barrier. The furrow minimum straw or gravel bag barrier successfully reduced soil loss in clay loam soil in Heonggye, but still the treatments were not enough to reduce soil loss in saprolite piled sandy loam soil in Yongsan.

개시제 및 촉진제가 EPS 혼입 폴리메타크릴산메틸 모르타르의 사용가능시간 및 강도특성에 미치는 효과

이철웅,최낙운,소양섭 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1(구조계)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the working life control of polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA} mortars with EPS using initiator-promoter system PMMA mortars are prepared with various initiator contents and promoter-initiator ratios, and tested for working life, flexural and compressive strengths. As a result, the working life of the PMMA mortars is shortened with increasing initiator content and promoter-initiator ratio. Their flexural and compressive strengths are decreased with an increase in the initiator content while their strengths are scarcely affected by promoter-initiator ratio. In general, the flexural and compressive strengths of heat-cured PMMA mortars are much higher than those of dry-cured PMMA mortars. In conclusion, the initiator content and promoter-initiator ratio of PMMA mortars with EPS should be adjusted relatively to the balance of their strength development.

개흉수술 후에 재발된 월경성 기흉

이철세 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

A 21 years old female was admitted our hospital due to repeated pneumothorax. Pneumothrax episode was related to the menstruaction. We diagnosed her case as catamenial pneumothorax. Bullectomy and pleurodesis were done without hormonal therapy. But 2 years later, pneumothorax recurred on same side of the chest. Open thoracotomy was done. And careful searching for endometriotic lesion on pleura and diaphragm was performed but no evidence was obtained. Machanical and chemical pleurodesis were applied, The patient was discharged uneventfully. The patient was taking oral contraceptive medication. OPD follow-up was done without recurrence up to now.

센서 어레이를 이용한 휘발성유기화합물 측정기기 개발

홍철호,김동진,이장훈,권혁구 한국환경독성학회 2004 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Air quality monitoring is a primary activity for industrial and social environment. The government push for pollutants that must be monitored. Especially, the VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds), which are very harmful for human and environment, should be controlled under the government policy. We have been developed a VOCs measurement system which recognize various kinds and quantities of VOCs, such as benzene, toluene, and xylene(BTX). Especially, we designed sensor array with various kinds of gas sensor and ANN(Artificial Neural Network) algorithm. The measured values for BTX have errors of 1~4ppm.

파르메니데스 철학에서 노에인 개념과 인식 전달 모티브 : "감각 거부" 해석 및 초기 희랍 노예인 개념에 관한 "발전론" 테제의 비판적 검토 A Critical Examination of the "Sense-Denial" Interpretation and the "Developmentalist" Theses on the Early Greek Concept of Noein

강철웅 한국철학사상연구회 2002 시대와 철학 Vol.13 No.2

파르메니데스 철학의 핵심 메시지를 '감각 거부'로 보는 통념은 그 텍스트적 기초가 미약함에도 불구하고 아주 강한 영향력을 행사하여 왔다. 뿐만 아니라 이 통념은 파르메니데스 연구의 핵심 주제에 속하는 진리편-독사편의 관계 문제에 있어서도, 독사편을 부정적으로만 받아들이는 해석을 강화하는 데 일조해 왔다. 그러나 관련 텍스트 구절들은 감각 (사용) 일부의 거부가 아니라 특정 방식의 감각 사용을 거부한 것으로 제한되어 읽혀야 한다. 그리고 그 구절들에서 오히려 주목되어야 하는 것은 감각 경험에 대비되는 것으로 부각되어 있는 노에인과 레게인이다. 인식을 함축하는 전자에 후자가 중요한 짝으로 등장한다는 점이 중요한데, 그것이 담고 있는 것이 바로 이제까지 연구에서 주목되지 않은 인식 전달의 모티브이다. 초기 희랍 노에인 개념에 관한 폰 프릿츠 등의 '발전론' 테제는 호메로스에서처럼 파르메니데스에서도 직관의 계기가 누스/노에인의 중심에 서 있으며, 그에게서 '처음으로'노에인에 추론의 계기가 도입되었다고 주장한다. 그러나 면밀한 텍스트 분석에 따르면 추론의 계기가 호메로스의 노에인에 '이미'배타적 선언의 형식으로 배태되어 있었다. 파르메니데스는 레게인과 긴밀히 연관되는 방식으로 노에인을 개념화함으로써 '의식적으로'추론의 계기를 도입하고 있으며, 심지어는 누스의 모오류성을 희생하면서까지 전달의 모티브를 붙잡으려 하였다. 그는 신비적 직관을 강조하기보다는 논변에 의해 테스트되고 겨루어질 수 있는 성격의 것으로 앎을 특징지우려 했고, 그것에 다가가는 탐구 여정의 반복 가능한 모델을 제시하려 했던 것이다. The idea that the central message of parmenides' philosophy is 'sense-denial' has had strong influence and is now widely accepted, weak as its textual basis is. On top of that, it has been directing Parmenidean studies toward the pejorative attitude to his Doxa section. But textual passages concemed, in my opinion, favor a limited reading: his rejection is not aimed at (the use of) senses in general, but at some particular uses of them. And it is rather a noein-legein pair presented here in contrast to sense perception that is worth noticing. It is important that here noein implying knowledge is elaborately coupled with legein containing a knowledge-communication motif which has been unnoticed up to now. According to von Fritz's 'developmentalist' theses on the early Greek concept of noein, in Parmenides, as in Homer, the intuitive element is in the core of nous/noein, and he first introduced the discursive element into noein, However, careful textual analyses indicate that the discusive element has already been conceived in Homeric noein in the form of exclusive disjunction. Parmenides consciously introduced that element by conceptualizing noein in close connection with ligein and embraced the communication motif, even at the cost of infallaibility of nous. For while modeling knowledge he did not choose to emphasize mystic intuition but tried to characterize knowledge as someting testable and contestable by arguments and to ptopose a model of inquiry journey toward it which can be reiterated by other inquirers.

대구지역 지하공간의 NO₂농도측정

朴出在,成炳胄,白成玉 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1994 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.2

본 연구는 대구지역의 지하공간내 NO₂농도의 기본자료를 제시하기 위해 수행되었으며 여기에서 얻어진 측정자료들은 지하공간내 NO₂를 감소시키기 위한 일종의 지침으로서 NO₂ 배출원을 조절하기 위한 준비작업으로 제공될 수 있을 것이다. NO₂측정은 Yanagisawa 연구진들이 제안해온 간접적인 시료채취 방법으로 필터뱃지를 사용하였다. 시료채취 지점은 총 5개소이며 여기에는 3개소의 지하상가와 2곳의 지하주차장을 선정하였다. 시료채취기간은 1992년 11월에서 1993년 4월까지이며, 시료채취용 필터벳지의 노출시간은 48시간이다. This study was carried out to provide basic data of NO₂concentration at underground spaces in Taegu Area, by which a sort of guideline for the reduction of NO₂may be prepared for controlling the emission sources. The NO₂measurements was performed using a filter badge method, which is a passive sampling technique purposed by Yanagisawa et al. A total of five sampling sites were selected ; three sites are underground arcades and two are underground parking lots. The sampling period was from November 1992 to May 93. The NO₂data measured were integrated for 48 hours.

鄭道傳 思想의 內面的 理解

문철영 단국대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

There are a lot of studies on Chong do-jon who established Choson dinasty. But their studies have focused on his external activitied. Generally speaking, one's external activities results from one's inner mind. So Chong do-jon. The obgect of my arguement is the understanding of Chong do-jon's inner thoughts, especially how his inner thoughts had progressed responding social environment. For this object, I have examined thoroughly his writing encluding poetries. I though that his writing encluding poetries reflects his inner thoughts very well.

칼ㆍ마르크스의 社會階級論議

金哲子 仁川敎育大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.22 No.2