家族計劃實態와 關聯된 要因의 分析

李香蓮,趙熙淑 中央醫學社 1975 中央醫學 Vol.28 No.2

For the purpose of studying the attitude, experience, method, reason and some factors associated with family planning practice in an urban area, a study was conducted for 2 months, from july, 1972. The interviewers visited 592 women, who have one or more children with questionnaire. Major findings can be summerized as follows. ( I) Basic Characteristics of Women. 1) General characteristics of women. Age: The 35.9 percent of women were 30 to 34 of age as the most proportion. And the average age at interview is 31.0 years. Education: The women's education level was high comparatively. The 54.7 percent of women graduated the high school at Ieast. Standard of living: The 68.1 percent of women was middle class of living standard by speaking herself. It was high level comparatively. 2) Marriage and Delivery Status. The average age at marriage and the duration of maternal lives were 23 years of age and 7.9 years. The 57.4 percents of women had one or two childrens as the most proportion. The majority (57.1 percent) of women delivered last child at Ob-Gyn's clinic and general hospital. 3) The Status of Family Planning Practice. The 96.9 percents of women approved of the family planning. The 56.1 per-cents of women experienced the contraception practice. And the 41.9 percent& was answered at "is being practiced now". This is high comparatively. The 31.9° percents of women used the oral pill. And the 32.2 percents of women answered that reason at for having adequate number of children" as the most pro-portion. The 31.1 percents of women practiced the contraception within 10 to 12 months after last child delivery. (H) The relationstionship of approval for family planning and some factors. The majority (98.9 percent) of group of age 35 to 39 years approved the family planning. The 99.3 percents of the middle school graduate group approved of the family planning. In the opinion of surveyer, the group of high standard living approved it. (98.9 percent). And the group who have 3 or 4 childrens approved the family planning (98.4 percent) as the most proportion. (III) The relationship of experience for family planning practice and some factors. The 70.5 percents of the group 35 to 39 years of age experienced the contraception practice. The more age of women the higher rate of contraception experience. The 65.0 percent of the college graduate group experienced the contraception. Therefore, the higher level of education, the higher rate of contraception experience. And the higher level of standard living, the higher rate of contraception experience. Comparing with the number of living children and experience of the contraception practice, the 69.2 percent of group who have 3 or 4 childrens experienced the highest rate of practice. And the group of women who have only sons experienced higher than who have only daughters, the rate of the contraception practice comparing with the place of the last delivery shows; The 51.8 percent of group who delivered at Ob-Gyn's clinic and general hospital experienced the practice and the 50.5 percents of group who had home delivery experienced the practice. (IV) The relationship of the methodof family planning practice and some factors.. As the highest rate, the most proportion of all age group practiced the oral pill method, especially the 32.8 percent of 25 to 29 years of age group had the most proportion. In the 50 percent of women who graduated the elementary school or less; they practiced the oral pill as the most proportion. And the 30.4. percent of the college graduate group practiced the condom. Therefore, the higher level of education; the high rate of condom used. Comparing with the standard of living; the 33.9 percent of the group of highest standard living used the rhythm method. And the middle and low level of standard living used the oral pill. Threrfore, it shows the higher level of living, the lower use of oral pill and IUD. Comparing with the number of living children; the group of women who have 1 or 2 childrens, used the rhythm method (34.0 percent). And the group of women who have only 1 or 2 daughters usd the oral pill (4G percent) as the most proportion. (V) The relatioeship of the reason of the family planning practice and some factors. As the reason of the contraception practice, all age group shows the reason as the "adequate number of children" especially the age group of 24 years emphasized this reason. Comparing with the educational level elementary school (or less) graduate group answered the reason of practice as the "economical difficulty" (42.5 per-cent), and the middle school graduate group answered at "economical difficulty" (30.5 percent). And the majority of high school graduate group and the college graduate group answered the reason as the "Adequate number of children". Therefore, the higher level of education, higher rate of the reason of "Adequate number of children" and lower rate of "economical difficulty" comparing with the standard of living, "adequate number of children" was answered as the most proportion by the middle class (40.2 percent) and low class (33.0 percent) of living. The 34.9 percent of group who delivered the last children at Ob. -Gyp's clinic and general hospital answered the reason as "the adequate number of children". And in the 28.2 percents of group who had home delivery answered at "economical difficulty." (Vl) The relationship of the period of the contraception practice after last deli-very and some factors. The 47.6 percent of group 25 to 29 years -of .age practiced the contraception with in 6 months after last delivery. It shows the high rate of early contraception practice, and the older age of women, the lower rate of contraception practice. Comparing with the educational level; the 31.3 percent of elementary sch000l graduate group practiced the contraception within 6 months. And the middle school graduate group practiced 40 percents. High school graduate and college graduate group was 42.2 percent and 51.6 percent individually. Therefore, the higher level of education, the higher rate of early contraception practice, And the higher level of standard living, the higher rate of early contraception practice. And the 51.6 percents of women who have 1 or 2 child rens practiced the contraception within 6 months as the most 41.6 percents of women who delivered the last child at the Oproportion. Thc b.-Gyn's clinic and general hospital practiced the contraception within the 6 months after delivery. (VII) The relationship of the number of induced abortion and some factors. The 29. 7 percent (176 women) of all 592 women experienced the induced abortion. Especially, 136 women experienced the one or two number of induced abortion as the most proportion. The 26. 3 percent of group 35 to 39 years of age experienced the one or two induced abortion. Therefore, the older age of group, the higher number of induced abortion. In the relationship of educational level and the number of the induced abortion, the 28. 9 percent of middle school graduate group experienced the one or two induced abortion as the most proportion. Comparing with the Ievel of standard living, the 24.3 pereent of middle class group experienced the one or two induced abortion as the most proportion. And the 30.3 percent of group of women who have three or four childrens experienced the 1 or 2 induced abortion. The 23.4 percent of the women who delivered the Iast child at the Ob. -Gyn's clinic and general hospital experienced the 1 or 2 number of induced abortion. This is higher than the group who had home delivery (21.3 percent). But the 8. 5 percent of the women who had home delivery experienced three or more number of induced abortion.

문제중심학습(Problem-Based Learning)에 대한 중학교 과학교사들의 인식

이향연,최경희 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2008 교과교육학연구 Vol.12 No.3

본 연구는 중학교 과학 교사들을 대상으로 하여 학습자 중심의 모형 가운데에서 최근 주목받고 있는 문제중심학습(Problem-Based Learning: PBL)의 효과와 PBL의 도입 가능성, 장애 요인 등 PBL에 대한 인식을 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 서울, 경기, 인천 지역 중학교에 재직하는 과학교사 131명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며 질문지와 함께 PBL에 대해 모르는 교사들을 위한 안내지를 제공하였다. 설문지 문항은 1)PBL 관련 학습 능력, 2)PBL에 대한 인식, 3)PBL 도입 시 장애 요인의 3가지 카테고리에서 하위 총 25문항(Likert 5점 척도, 선택형, 서술형)으로 구성되었다. 연구 결과, 전체 교사의 45%가 PBL에 대해 알고 있었으며 이 중 22%(전체의9.9%)는 PBL 수업을 진행해 본 경험이 있었다. PBL 수업의 효과 면에서는 문제해결력 향상에 대해 PBL을 알고 있는 교사의 기대치가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 또한 PBL 수업의 경험이 있는 교사들의 기대가 더 높았으며(p<0.05) PBL 수업을 수행할 의사 또한 더 높은 것(p<0.05)으로 나타났다. 교사들이 인식하는 PBL 도입의 장애 요인은 수업시간의 부족(4.05), 교사부담(3.99),문제개발(3.89), 채점기준 마련(3.81) 순으로 나타났다. 이러한 장애 요인에도 불구하고 PBL에 대한 경험이 있는 교사일수록 PBL 수업과 그 도입에 대해 보다 긍정적으로 인식한다는 점은 주목할 만한 사실이다. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is an effective teaching strategy for enhancing student's problem solving skill and self-directed learning. In order to implement PBL effectively and maximize its benefits, teachers' perception of the need of PBL and their awareness of the benefits would be essential. This study, therefore, attempted to investigate Korean middle school science teachers' perception and awareness of PBL and to discuss some practical issues regarding implementation of PBL in the Korean educational context. 131 science teachers in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi-do voluntarily participated in this survey study. The survey questionnaire consisted of 25 items over three sub-categories. The results indicated that 45% of the teachers were aware of PBL as a teaching strategy, and 22% out of 45% already had experiences of PBL strategy. The teachers who had experienced in PBL were more likely to positively perceive the benefits of PBL (e.g. developing of problem-solving ability) than other teachers who had not. The more they had experienced in PBL, the more the teachers were committed to the implementation, even though they were aware of various barriers such as limited class time, more class preparation time, difficulties in evaluating students' achievement, and lack of students' knowledge and skills.

중학교 과학교과에서의 과학기술 윤리교육 현황

이향연(Hyang-yon Rhee),박선자(Sun-ja Park),유정숙(Jung Sook Yoo),이신영(Shin Young Lee),장지영(Jiyoung Jang) 이화여자대학교 생명의료법연구소 2009 생명윤리정책연구 Vol.3 No.2

The purpose of this survey is to examine the present status of ethics education in middle school science curriculum. This study, therefore, attempted to investigate 1) student’s and teacher’s perceptions of science and technology ethics, 2) teacher’s perceptions of ethics education in science and technology and 3) contents of science and technology ethics in 7th and 8th grade science textbooks. 296 middle school students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do and 12 science teachers are participated in this survey study. The survey questionnaire for students consisted of 20 items over three sub-categories: the nature of science, the ethical issues in science and technology and experience on ethical problems in the classroom. The questionnaire for teachers also consisted of three sub-categories: perception in science and technology ethics, perception in middle school ethics education of science and technology, and opinions of that. In the result, it was found that 28.3% of students learned about ethical issues in science and technology from the school, 69.4% of students had experiences on internet-copied homework and 26.4% of them had falsified experimental data. STS topics were contained in 7 of 12 units of a 7th grade science textbook but they were not relate to ethical issues. Neither ethical issue nor STS topic was not found in 8th grade science textbook. All participated science teachers were positively perceived the necessity of science and technology ethics education for middle school students but they reported some barriers such as lack of learning materials and information and their less understanding of science and technology ethics. Some of them suggested the necessity of in-service teacher training for ethics education in science and technology.

님아

이향연 문예운동사 2024 문예운동 Vol.- No.161

사제동행 과학진로체험활동 프로그램 참여를 통한 교육 소외계층 학생들의 과학정체성 변화 탐색

이향연(Rhee, Hyang-yon),최규리(Choi, Kyoulee),정윤숙(Chung, Yoonsook) 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2021 교과교육학연구 Vol.25 No.5

본 연구에서는 과학에 흥미와 적성을 가진 소외계층 학생들의 과학정체성이 과학진로체험활동 프로그램 참여를 통해 어떻게 변화하는지를 탐색하여 프로그램의 효과성을 검토하고 이들을 과학기술인재로 양성하기 위한 방안에 대해 논의하였다. 이공계 분야에 흥미를 가지고 있지만 가정환경, 성별, 지역적 여건 등으로 교육적 지원이 요구되는 학생들이 학교별3명 이내로 과학교사와 함께 팀을 이루어 10개월 동안 과학진로체험활동 프로그램에 참여하였다. 중학교 30팀, 고등학교 80 팀이 참여하였으며 이 중 사전·사후 과학정체성 검사에 참여한 197명을 대상으로 과학정체성의 변화와 과학진로포부에 영향을 미치는 과학참여 요인의 변화를 대응표본 t-검정과 다중회귀분석을 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과, 사전검사에서 학생들의과학진로포부와 과학자아개념은 낮은 편이었고 과학참여에 있어 과학수업 참여만이 보통 이상의 수준을 보였다. 그러나 프로그램 참여 이후 학교 밖 과학참여 수준은 유의미하게 향상되었으며 과학진로포부에 유일하게 영향을 미치던 가정에서의 참여와 더불어 영향을 주는 요인으로 변화되었다. 과학자아개념에 대해서도 과학수업 참여와 학교 밖 과학참여의 영향은 가정에서의 참여보다 낮았으나 프로그램 참여 이후 가정에서의 참여보다 더 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 변화되었다. 특히 여학생은 과학자아개념과 과학교사에 대한 인식 수준이 낮았으나 프로그램 참여 이후 유의미하게 향상되었으며 과학자아개념에서의 성별 차이 역시 사라지게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 과학진로체험활동 프로그램 참여를 통해 과학정체성을 구성하는 요인은 물론 요인들 사이의 관계 또한 변화하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 교사-학생 상호작용을 포함하는 학교 밖 과학참여의 교육적 효과와 교육 소외계층 학생들의 긍정적인 과학정체성 형성에 기여하는 교육적 중재에 대해 논의하고 이들을 과학기술인재로 양성하도록 지원하는 방안을 제언하였다. This study explored how the science identity of underprivileged students with interest in science changes through participation in science career experience programs. Three or less students from secondary schools teamed up with their science teachers to participate in the program for 10 months. A total of 197 students responded to pre- and post-science identity tests. The paired t-test and multiple regression were conducted to analyze the changes in scientific identity after program participation; and the effects of science-related participation on science career aspirations and self-perceptions in science, respectively. Analysis revealed the changes in the factors that construct science identity, as well as the relationship between the factors, after the program. The level of out-of-school participation has significantly improved and been transformed into a relevant factor along with home-based participation, the only associating factor on science career aspirations. The effect of science-class participation and out-of-school participation on self-perceptions in science was also lower than the effect of home-based participation, but after the program, it was changed to have a greater impact than the home-based participation. Especially, female students showed significant improvement in self-perceptions and perceptions of science teacher after the program and gender differences were removed in science-related self-perceptions.

유도만능줄기세포 연구와 인과적 거리 논증 간의 관계에 관한 비판적 검토

이향연 인문사회 21 2019 인문사회 21 Vol.10 No.2

오늘날 배아줄기세포 연구의 정책의 기준이 되는 중간입장(middle-ground position)은 크게 이론적 절충안과 기술적 절충안으로 나눌 수 있다. 실질적인 정책의 기준이 되는 이러한 견해에 대한 윤리적 검토는 반드시 필요하다. 현재까지 알려진 배아줄기세포의 대안은 배아에 해를 끼치지 않는 기술과 배아와 유사한 인공물을 사용하는 기술, 그리고 현재 각광받고 있는 유도만능줄기세포(iPSC)로 나눌 수 있다. 필자가 보기에 이러한 기술적 절충안이 가진 한계는 인과적 거리 논증(causal distance argument)과 연관성이 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 기술로서 연구의 윤리적 문제를 해결하고자 하는 기술적 절충안에 대한 비판적 검토를 주요 목적으로 한다. 이러한 논의는 줄기세포 연구와 관련된 실질적인 정책에 효과적인 규제 방식과 올바른 윤리적 기준을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. The middle-ground position which plays a rule for the policies regarding Embryonic Stem Cell Research can be largely divided into two: the theoretical compromise and technical one. The ethical assessment for those opinions must be done as they will eventually be the standard for actual policies. We have met the alternatives for embryonic stem cell such as the technique that is not harmful to embryo, the technique that uses Embryo-Like Entities, and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC). However, it seems that the limitation which those compromises have comes from the, so-called, Causal Distance Argument. Especially, the main aim of this paper is at the critical reviewing the iPSC which has a relation to the Causal Distance Argument. Accordingly, this attempt could attribute to setting a proper ethical criteria and providing the actual policies regarding the research with adequate regulation.

연군논문 : 철학상담 방법론 논의에 있어서상담윤리 모형 도입의 필연성

이향연 ( Hyang Yeon Lee ) 한국동서철학회 2014 동서철학연구 Vol.71 No.-

정신치료나 심리치료와 마찬가지로 인간의 정신적 고통과 관련된 제반 문제들에 관여 하는 철학상담이 그것들과 차별화되고 기존의 방식들이 가진 한계를 극복하기 위해서는 뚜렷이 구별되는 독자적인 방식이 있어야 할 것이다. 그리고 그 효과가 제대로 인정받고 보다 심화되어 발전할 수 있으려면 무엇이 특징적으로 구별되는가를 스스로 드러낼 수 있어야만 한다. 본 논문에서 필자는 철학상담 방법론 논의를 방법부정론과 방법긍정론 진영으로 나누어 각각의 입장을 검토하였다. 철학상담의 정체성은 특별히 방법부정론자들의 논의에서 잘 드러나고 있었다. 방법론 논의에 있어서 필자는 철학상담이 인생관, 세계관, 가치관의 문제로 접근함으로써 여타의 상담들과 구별되고 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 필자는 철학상담이 그 접근방법으로서 상담을 택하고 있는 이상, 또한 그 정의에서 타 상담형식들과 구별되어야 하는 몇몇의 필요조건을 지시하고 있는 이상 그것에 맞는 상담 형식의 구체적 논의는 반드시 필요하다고 생각한다. 필자가 방법론 논쟁을 통해 정리한 최종 입장은 방법 부정론자들이 잘 드러내주는 철학상담의 고유한 정체성을 잘 살리면서도 방법 긍정론자들이 주장하는 기법과 절차에 대한 구체적인 고민과 개발이 필요하다는 것이다. 철학상담은 가치관의 문제로 인해 정신적 고통을 겪는 내담자와 관계한다. 철학상담이 가치관을 주제로 내담자와 상호작용하고자 하는 것이라면 철학상담사는 반드시 올바른 가치관에 대한 윤리적 기준을 확보하고서 내담자를 안내해야 할 것이다. 철학상담의 보편화를 위해서 철학상담의 구체적인 상담 형식 혹은 기법들의 개발이 필요하다. 그러나 철학상담의 정체성이 가치관 문제에서 찾아진다는 것에서 그러한 방법들이 반드시 윤리적 이해의 틀을 바탕으로 고안되고 발전되어야 하는 것은 필연적이다. The philosophical counseling needs an independent method to be distinguished from the other mental treatment concerning human mental pain such as psychotherapy and to overcome the limitations that other therapy methods have faced. It should show what distinctive point it has by itself to achieve recognition about its effectiveness and to progress more. I studied both positive and negative sides in philosophical counseling methodology discussion. The identity of the philosophical counseling was shown in the negative-side discussion more notably. The philosophical counseling approaches to the one`s view of life or world and values; I think that the philosophical counseling is distinguished from the other mental treatment by it. I think more detailed discussion about the form of counsel is necessary because it meets its clients through counseling and it already directs certain conditions to be distinguished from others in its definition. It is my final conclusion that the more specific counseling methods are needed and it should include its characteristic identity that the negative sides contend. The philosophical counselor should help its clients on the basis of ethical standard including the value of the right. Because the philosophical counseling intervenes its clients who suffer from mental distress caused by the values. The concrete counseling forms and techniques should be developed if it can be generalized. However, it is inevitable that those methods should be designed on the foundation of an ethical understanding because the identity of philosophical counseling is found at the value matters.

그린스쿨과 비그린스쿨 학생들의 에너지-온실가스 환경소양 차이

이향연(Rhee, Hyang-yon) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2016 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.16 No.6

지구온난화를 비롯한 기후변화가 체감할 수 있는 수준에 다다르면서 최근 학교에서의 온실가스 감축을 위한 노력으로 학교 건물 및 설비를 개보수하거나 학습 공간을 포함한 주변 환경을 친환경적으로 변화시키고 이를 환경교육과 연계하는 그린스쿨 (green school) 사업이 전 세계적으로 시행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 그린스쿨 환경교육의 효과를 파악하기 위하여 그린스쿨 시설을 교육에 활용하고 있는 중·고교 각 1개 학교 295명 학생과 동일 지역에서 유사한 학생 분포를 가지고 있는 비그린 스쿨 중·고교 각 1개 학교 237명 학생의 전체 532명을 대상으로 2014년 4월 14일부터 5월 12일까지 에너지-온실가스 환경소양(지식, 태도, 행동)을 측정하여 그 차이를 분석 하였다. 설문조사는 연구 결과, 전체 그린스쿨 학생들의 지식 및 태도는 비그린스쿨 학생에 비해 유의하게 높았으나, 행동에서는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 학교급에 따른 차이에서는 전체 고등학생의 지식 점수가 중학생에 비해 유의하게 높았으나, 태도와 행동에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이와 같이 에너지-온실가스 환경소양의 행동 점수에서는 학교유형별(그린스쿨과 비그린스쿨), 학교급별(중학교와 고등학교) 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 학교유형 및 학교급에 따른 상호작용 효과는 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 비그린스쿨에서는 학교급이 높을수록 행동점수가 낮은 반면, 그린스쿨에서는 학교급이 높을수록 행동점수가 높은 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of environmental education in green schools, which renovate school buildings and facilities or change learning environments eco-friendly, and link to environmental education. This study analyzed the difference of secondary students’ energy-greenhouse gas-related environmental literacy between green schools and general schools. Total 532 students, 295 from green schools and 237 from general schools, participated in the study. Both green and general schools consisted of one middle school and one high school. Correlation analyses and two-way MONOVA were utilized to test the relationships between the three literacy domains, knowledge, attitude, and behavior. There were significant correlations between all of the three domains and the relationship between attitude and behavior literacies showed the highest correlation(r=.646). The green school students had the significantly higher levels of knowledge and attitude than the general school students while the difference in the behavior literacy was not significant between two types of school. The high school students had the significantly higher levels of knowledge than the middle school students, but there were not significant differences in the attitude and behavior literacies depending on the school levels. However, the interaction between the types of school and the levels of school was significant in terms of behavior, i.e., high school students’ behavior literacy was higher than middle school students in the green schools while high school students’ behavior literacy was lower than middle school students in the general schools.

환경교사의 지도 여부에 따른 고등학생들의 에너지-온실가스 환경소양 차이 분석

이향연(Hyang-yon Rhee),장지영(Jiyoung Jang),황승아(Seong-ah Hwang),최경희(Kyunghee Choi) 한국환경교육학회 2013 環境 敎育 Vol.26 No.4

The purposes of this study are to examine the EL (Environmental Literacy) level of high school students regarding energy and greenhouse gas and to evaluate the sensitivity of the level of students’ EL according to the existence of an environment teacher in their school. A total of 236 high school students from Seoul and Gyeonggi-do in Korea participated in the survey. The survey consisted of a questionnaire on three domains: knowledge, attitude, and behavior. The results showed that the level of students’ EL was above average in all of the three domains regardless of environment teachers. However, the level of behavior was lower than the level of attitude and knowledge. Students’ behavior did not correlate with their knowledge but their attitude (r=.600, p<.001). The level of students’ knowledge and attitude did not show meaningful difference regardless of an environment teacher but the level of their behavior was significantly different (t=3.676, p<.001) depending on the teacher availability. The students who had an environment teacher in their school had a higher level of behavior in eco-friendly consumption habits (t=2.202, p<.05) as well as civic and educational engagement for environment (t=8.669, p<.05).

이중결과론은 남은 배아연구를 정당화할 수 있는가

이향연(Lee Hyang Yeon) 가톨릭대학교(성심교정) 인간학연구소 2019 인간연구 Vol.0 No.38

배아줄기세포 연구에 대한 입장은 두 가지로 나뉜다. 하나는 배아줄기세포 연구를 지지함으로써 배아의 파괴를 받아들이자는 입장이다. 또 다른 하나는 배아줄기세포 연구를 반대함으로써 연구가 가져올 혜택을 포기하자는 입장이다. 우리는 현재 이러한 두 가지 입장차를 전혀 좁히지 못하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 어느 정도 해결하고자 몇몇 사람들은 이론적 절충안인 중간입장(middle-ground position)을 제시하기에 이른다. 이러한 중간입장의 대표적인 논증은 우리나라뿐만 아니라 여러 나라에서 배아줄기세포 연구 윤리 및 정책의 기준이 되는 남은 배아와 만든 배아의 구분을 들 수 있다. 본고에서는 남은 배아와 만든 배아의 구분을 지지하는 주요 논증 중 하나인 이중결과론(The principle of double effect)에 대한 검토를 주요 목적으로 한다. 특히 이중결과론의 두 가지 관점이 남은 배아 사용을 어떻게 정당화하는지를 비판적으로 고찰하고자 한다. 필자가 이러한 논의가 필요하다고 생각한 까닭은 생명을 다루는 영역에서는 이러한 이론적 접근에 좀 더 신중할 필요가 있다고 보았기 때문이다. 따라서 필자는 이러한 논의가 배아연구에 대한 지침 마련에 도움을 줄 수 있으리라 생각한다. There are two general positions regarding embryonic research: one accepts that the embryo will be destroyed through the approval of the research and the other accepts the risk of losing the potential benefits that could be brought about through the research by opposing it. As scientists keep failing to narrow the distance between these two positions, some researchers stand for a middle-ground position - which is a theoretical compromise - to resolve this controversy. The distinction between the created embryo and the discarded embryo is one of these arguments; this works as an ethical standard for embryonic research around the world. This article critically examines the principle of double effect, which is one of the primary arguments that supports such a distinction, especially considering how the two positions justify the use of discarded embryos. The purpose of this research is to encourage a greater sense of prudence in this field as it significantly deals with ethical life matters. This discussion may also benefit the creation of research guidelines within the field of embryonic research.