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최재헌 현대영미어문학회 2023 현대영미어문학 Vol.41 No.3
Milton’s Paradise Lost includes texts that offer room for complex and multi-faceted interpretation on fundamental questions about human being and existence, and this is especially the case if you read it in conjunction with his prose works. The separation scene of Adam and Eve preceding their fall is a clear example of such characteristic of Paradise Lost. The narrative of Eve in her defense is told in a convincing voice, which is actually consistent with the idea of free will that Milton argued for in Areopagitica. This seemingly contradicting message amongst his own works can come across as perplexing to the readers, but also makes the reading of his poetry much more intriguing. Milton tests his readers to exercise their intelligence in reading and interpreting his poetry, and the complexity and doubleness of his message is a way to provoke this, which is referred to as Milton’s double bind. Paradise Lost constantly engages and tests its readers intellectually and spiritually and one could say that this is where the real essence of Paradise Lost lies in, rather than the plot itself.
존 던의 『노래와 소네트』에 그려진 현존과 부재, 그리고 재현의 문제
최재헌 한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 2010 중세근세영문학 Vol.20 No.1
The concept of representation has occupied a new and important place in the study of culture and criticism. Representation refers to the production of meaning through language and it supposes the absence of the represented object. Postmodern criticism challenges the realistic view of representation which assumes that there is a simple relation between language and the real world. Instead, it overtly addresses the problem of the presence, the absence, and the representation as a pivotal concern in criticism. New explorations of power, gender, ideology in the Renaissance have not only provided radically new understandings of Renaissance texts but have also forced us to reexamine the critical, historical, and cultural presuppositions on which our readings are based. The aim of this paper is to explore the presence, the absence, and the problem of representation in Donne’s Songs and Sonnets. For this purpose, I will survey “A Lecture upon the Shadow,” “A Nocturnal upon St. Lucy’s Day,” “Air and Angels,” and “A Valediction: of my Name in the Window.” “A Lecture upon the Shadow” and “A Nocturnal upon St. Lucy’s Day” are concerned with shadows and representation. In “A Lecture,” the shadows are representations or signs of the lovers. The shadow is absent, and the present moment of noon is so evanescent, coming and going instantaneously. In the case of “A Nocturnal,” the poet is a shadow or representation of the state of dying itself. Love has wrought a new kind of alchemy, in which the poet has been made the quintessence of nothingness. Love, as alchemist, does not extract the quintessence from things but rather from nothingness, such as privation, emptiness, absence, darkness, and death. “A Nocturnal” is the variations on the theme of nothingness, anatomizing the speaker’s bitter grief and despair at the death of his beloved. In “A Valediction: of my Name in the Window,” the speaker’s name engraved on the window’s glass keeps him there as a presence during his absence, and functions as a talisman to prevent another suitor or lover from supplanting him.

근대 초기 영국의 출판문화와 작가 의식: 벤 존슨의 시를 중심으로
최재헌 한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 2024 중세근세영문학 Vol.34 No.3
This study explores Ben Jonson's poetry and its publication to examine the evolving relationship between patronage, authorship, and print culture in early modern England. Focusing on his poetic collections, Epigrams, The Forest, and The Underwood, it traces Jonson’s development of an authorial identity based on literary merit rather than birth, within the socioeconomic shift from feudalism to capitalism in seventeenth-century England. Jonson strategically employed both manuscript circulation and print, in order to assert his authority and to claim ownership over his texts, revealing the tensions which he navigated between seeking aristocratic patrons and establishing his independence as a professional writer. The study highlights how Jonson's poetry reflects his complex views on patronage, social hierarchies, and the literary marketplace, ultimately shedding light on the emergence of modern authorship and the commercialization of literature in early modern England.
최재헌 한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 2015 중세근세영문학 Vol.25 No.2
Donne’s epigrams were his earliest poems, but have received relatively little academic attention. The origin of the word epigram is the Greek (ephigraphein) or Latin (epigramma) word which means ‘to inscribe’, and as this origin suggests, was originally conceived as inscriptions on tombs, buildings or memorials. As a literary genre, epigrams developed to become short satirical and witty poems, often containing twists. Donne’s epigrams provide a useful and insightful introduction to key writing strategies and topics of his writings, including gender matters and power. Donne reveals his views of the world, speaking in his own voice as an epigrammatist. Presently twenty pieces of Donne’s epigrams are known, and subjects of his epigrams can be grouped into classical mythology, war and satirical pieces. Donne’s epigrams display mastery of puns, and contain irony and intellectual insights. Furthermore, the generic characteristics of epigrams such as satirical wits and ambiguity become common factors in almost all genres of Donne’s writings. For example, his Songs and Sonnets are known for its satirical values and wits, which distinguishes them from simple love poems. Donne was acclaimed as the best English epigrammatist by Jonson, and Donne proved himself as the master of the satirical, witty and pointed writings even beyond the genre of epigrams.
