게놈 시대 인간 유전자 데이터베이스의 검색 및 사용법

최영님(Youngnim Choi) 대한치과의사협회 2001 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.39 No.11

Innate immune response to oral bacteria and the immune evasive characteristics of periodontal pathogens

지숙,최영님 대한치주과학회 2013 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.43 No.1

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of periodontal tissue caused by subgingival plaque-associated bacteria. Periodontitis has long been understood to be the result of an excessive host response to plaque bacteria. In addition, periodontal pathogens have been regarded as the causative agents that induce a hyperinflammatory response from the host. In this brief review,host-microbe interaction of nonperiodontopathic versus periodontopathic bacteria with innate immune components encountered in the gingival sulcus will be described. In particular, we will describe the susceptibility of these microbes to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and phagocytosis by neutrophils, the induction of tissue-destructive mediators from neutrophils,the induction of AMPs and interleukin (IL)-8 from gingival epithelial cells, and the pattern recognition receptors that mediate the regulation of AMPs and IL-8 in gingival epithelial cells. This review indicates that true periodontal pathogens are poor activators/suppressors of a host immune response, and they evade host defense mechanisms.

Osteoprotegerin is present on the membrane of osteoclasts isolated from mouse long bones

우경미,최영님,고승희,고지승,오귀옥,김각견 생화학분자생물학회 2002 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.34 No.5

Skeletogenesis occurs through either intramem-branous or endochondral ossification. In adition, some parts of the skeletal components maintain their cartilaginous characteristics throughout life without mineralization. Runx2 is known to be a cesses. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of two major isoforms of Runx2 in early skeletogenesis. During intramembranous bone for-mation, Runx2-type I (Runx2-I) was widely expres-sed in osteoprogenitor cels and active osteo-blasts, while Runx2-type II (Runx2-I) expression was stringently restricted to cels lining mineral-ized bones. Cels in permanent cartilage expressed colagen type II (Col-I) but never expresed Runx2 or Col-X. These permanent cartilages were wel Runx2-I was negative. In endochondral bone for-mation, Runx2 expression temporarily disappeared in Col-II-positive proliferating chondrocytes, but a secondary surge of Runx2-I expression occurred in the prehypertrophic zone before the minerali-zation of cartilage. Collectively, both Runx2 iso-forms showed very similar expression patterns in active bone forming areas; however, Runx2-I has an exclusive role in the early comitment stage of intramembranous or endochondral bone form-ing processes or in cels surrounding permanent cartilage.

Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Orofacial Abscesses Using a Metagenomics-based Approach: A Pilot Study

이예은,최영님,박주영 대한치의학회 2023 Journal of korean dental science Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: Culture-based methods for microbiological diagnosis and antibiotic susceptibility tests have limitations in the management of orofacial infections. We aimed to profile pus microbiota and identify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) using a culture-independent approach. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA samples extracted from the pus specimens of two patients with orofacial abscesses were subjected to shotgun sequencing on the NovaSeq system. Taxonomic profiling and prediction of ARGs were performed directly from the metagenomic raw reads. Result: Taxonomic profiling revealed obligate anaerobic polymicrobial communities associated with infections of odontogenic origins: the microbial community of Patient 1 consisted of one predominant species (Prevotella oris 74.6%) with 27 minor species, while the sample from Patient 2 contained 3 abundant species (Porphyromonas endodontalis 33.0%; P. oris 31.6%; and Prevotella koreensis 13.4%) with five minor species. A total of 150 and 136 putative ARGs were predicted in the metagenome of each pus sample. The coverage of most predicted ARGs was less than 10%, and only the CfxA2 gene identified in Patient 1 was covered 100%. ARG analysis of the seven assembled genome/metagenome datasets of P. oris revealed that strain C735 carried the CfxA2 gene. Conclusion: A metagenomics-based approach is useful to profile predominantly anaerobic polymicrobial communities but needs further verification for reliable ARG detection.

Potential Role of Bacterial Infection in Autoimmune Diseases: A New Aspect of Molecular Mimicry

Jehan Alam,최영님,김용철 대한면역학회 2014 Immune Network Vol.14 No.1

Molecular mimicry is an attractive mechanism for triggering autoimmunity. In this review, we explore the potential role of evolutionary conserved bacterial proteins in the production of autoantibodies with focus on granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Seven autoantigens characterized in GPA and RA were BLASTed against a bacterial protein database. Of the seven autoantigens, proteinase 3, type II collagen, binding immunoglobulin protein, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, α-enolase, and heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein have well- conserved bacterial orthologs. Importantly, those bacterial orthologs are also found in human-associated bacteria. The wide distribution of the highly conserved stress proteins or enzymes among the members of the normal flora and common infectious microorganisms raises a new question on how cross-reactive autoantibodies are not produced during the immune response to these bacteria in most healthy people. Understanding the mechanisms that deselect auto-reactive B cell clones during the germinal center reaction to homologous foreign antigens may provide a novel strategy to treat autoimmune diseases.

A murine periodontitis model using coaggregation between human pathogens and a predominant mouse oral commensal bacterium

Mengmeng Liu,최영님 대한치주과학회 2022 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.52 No.2

Purpose: C57BL/6 mice, which are among the most common backgrounds for genetically engineered mice, are resistant to the induction of periodontitis by oral infection with periodontal pathogens. This study aimed to develop a periodontitis model in C57BL/6 mice using coaggregation between human pathogens and the mouse oral commensal Streptococcus danieliae (Sd). Methods: The abilities of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 (Pg33277), P. gingivalis ATCC 49417 (Pg49417), P. gingivalis KUMC-P4 (PgP4), Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586 (Fnn), and F. nucleatum subsp. animalis KCOM 1280 (Fna) to coaggregate with Sd were tested by a sedimentation assay. The Sd-noncoaggregating Pg33277 and 2 Sd-coaggregating strains, PgP4 and Fna, were chosen for animal experiments. Eighty C57BL/6 mice received oral gavage with Sd once and subsequently received vehicle alone (sham), Fna, Pg33277, PgP4, or Fna+PgP4 6 times at 2-day intervals. Mice were evaluated at 5 or 8 weeks after the first gavage of human strains. Results: Fnn, Fna, and PgP4 efficiently coaggregated with Sd, but Pg33277 and Pg49417 did not. Alveolar bone loss was significantly higher in the PgP4 group at both time points (weeks 5 and 8) and in all experimental groups at week 8 compared with the sham group. The PgP4 group presented greater alveolar bone loss than the other experimental groups at both time points. A higher degree of alveolar bone loss accompanied higher bacterial loads in the oral cavity, the invasion of not only PgP4 but also Sd and Fna, and the serum antibody responses to these bacteria. Conclusions: Periodontitis was successfully induced in C57BL/6 mice by oral infection with a P. gingivalis strain that persists in the oral cavity through coaggregation with a mouse oral commensal bacterium. This new model will be useful for studying the role of human oral bacteria-host interactions in periodontitis using genetically engineered mice.

Efficacy of non-surgical treatment accompanied by professional toothbrushing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled clinical trial

이재영,최윤영,최영님,진보형 대한치주과학회 2020 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.50 No.2

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical benefit of additional toothbrushing accompanying non-surgical periodontal treatment on oral and general health in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: We conducted a doubled-blind randomized controlled trial in 60 T2DM patients between June 2013 and June 2014. The patients were randomly assigned to the scaling and root planing (SRP) group; the scaling and root planing with additional toothbrushing (SRPAT) group, in which additional toothbrushing was performed by toothpick methods; or the control group. Microbiological and oral examinations were performed for up to 12 weeks following treatment. Non-surgical treatment was conducted in the experimental groups. The SRP group received scaling and root planing and the SRPAT group received additional toothbrushing with the Watanabe method once a week from the first visit through the fifth visit. The primary outcomes were changes in haemoglobin A1c (or glycated haemoglobin; HbA1c) levels, serum endotoxin levels, and interleukin-1 beta levels. Periodontal health status was measured by periodontal pocket depth, the calculus index, and bleeding on probing (BOP). Results: Both the SRP and SRPAT groups showed improvements in periodontal health and HbA1c, but the SRPAT group showed significantly less BOP than the SRP group. Furthermore, only the SRPAT group showed a statistically significant decrease in serum endotoxin levels. Conclusions: Non-surgical periodontal treatment was effective in improving HbA1c and serum endotoxin levels in T2DM patients. Furthermore, non-surgical treatment with additional tooth brushing had a more favourable effect on gingival bleeding management. Trial RegistrationClinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT000416

흰쥐 Nucleus Raphe Magnus에 투여한 Morphine이 척수 Serotonin 유리에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이신재,임요한,최영님,김형룡,정동균 대한구강생물학회 1991 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.15 No.1

It is known that the interaction between opioid neuron and serotonergic neuron in bulbospinal pathway has an important role on pain control. This experiment was perfomed to directly measure the release of serotonin into spinal cord superfusates before and after the microinjection of morphine and its antagonist, naloxone into the NRM of rats. High performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was used to quantitate the amine. The injection of morphine into the NRM induced a significant increase in the amount of serotonin released in the spinal cord, which was reversed after the intraperitioneal injection of naloxone. These results support the proposal that : the analgesia produced by morphine microinjected into the NRM is mediated by the activation of spinally projecting serotonergic neuron.

Screening of Antibiotics that Selectively Inhibit a Bacterial Species Associated with a Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Risk

이아름,김윤지,최영님 대한구강생물학회 2017 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.42 No.3

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral mucosal disorder for which no curative treatment is available. We previously reported that decreased Streptococcus salivarius and increased Acinetobacter johnsonii on the oral mucosa are associated with RAS risk. The purpose of this study was to identify antibiotics that selectively inhibit A. johnsonii but minimally inhibit oral mucosal commensals. S. salivarius KCTC 5512, S. salivarius KCTC 3960, A. johnsonii KCTC 12405, Rothia mucilaginosa KCTC 19862, and Veillonella dispar KCOM 1864 were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test using amoxicillin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, clindamycin, and metronidazole in liquid culture. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was defined as the concentration that inhibits 90% of growth. Only gentamicin presented a higher MIC for A. johnsonii than MICs for S. salivarius and several oral mucosal commensals. Interestingly, the growth of S. salivarius increased 10~200% in the presence of sub-MIC concentrations of gentamicin, which was independent of development of resistance to gentamicin. In conclusion, gentamicin may be useful to restore RASassociated imbalance in oral microbiota by selectively inhibiting the growth of A. johnsonii but enhancing the growth of S. salivarius.

사람 유전자 database에 기록된 타액선 유전자 검색과 타액선 subtracted cDNA library에서 얻은 새로운 유전자의 비교 확인

김연숙(Yeon Sook Kim),최영님(Young Nim Choi),이석근(Suk Keun Lee) 대한치과의사협회 2001 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.39 No.12