현대국어 "돌려주다"와 중세국어 "도로 주다"에 대하여

장고은 서울대학교 국어국문학과 2009 冠嶽語文硏究 Vol.34 No.-

방사무늬 김 열수추출물의 RAW 264.7 세포에서의 면역 증진 효과

장고은,김춘성,박보람,이슬아 (사)한국해양바이오학회 2023 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.15 No.2

This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory function of Pyropia yezoensis hydrothermal (water) extract (PYWE) in comparison to the group treated only with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells. LPS is known to be an inflammatory mediator that activates macrophages, leading to the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as defense responses. Through enzyme-linked immunoassay and western blot analyses, it was observed that PYWE increased the expression levels of NO, iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, although to a lesser extent compared with the group treated with LPS alone. In addition, the study examined the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway, which regulates various cellular activities, including gene expression, mitosis, cell differentiation, transformation, survival, and death. The western blot analysis confirmed that PYWE also regulated the MAPKs pathway. Furthermore, the expression levels of immunomodulatory-related factors increased in the group treated with PYWE compared with the control group. Even though the effects of PYWE were usually less strong than those of LPS, the effects of PYWE increased with increasing doses compared to the control group. This suggests that PYWE could be used to control the immune system.

모자반(Sargassum fulvellum) 주정 30% 추출물의 In Vitro에서의 연골 보호효과

장고은,한설희,김도경,김춘성 한국수산과학회 2022 한국수산과학회지 Vol.55 No.6

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory disease due to wear caused by the continuous use of cartilage. Although many drugs for treating OA are being studied, they have side effects, such as digestive disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Glucosamine, a drug derived from natural products, is known to be less effective. Therefore, the marine organism, Sargassum fulvellum, was studied to determine whether it contains substances with a chondroprotective effect on the inflammatory response of chondrocytes induced by interleukin-1β (IL-1β). A 30% ethanol extract of S. fulvellum (SF30%EtOH) has therapeutic and few side effects. We first confirmed the presence of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is expressed during inflammatory reactions. We then examined the expression of collagen type II, which is the main component of the extracellular matrix and cartilage. Finally, the expression of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes, MMPs and ADAMTS-4 and -5, was confirmed. The results showed that SF30%EtOH reduced the expression levels of NO, iNOS, MMPs, and ADAMT-4 and -5, and increased the expression level of collagen type II in chondrocytes induced with IL-1β. Therefore, SF30%EtOH has a chondroprotective effect against inflammation, indicating its potential use for the prevention and treatment of OA.

16세기 후반 한글자료인 <청풍김씨묘출토언간(이덕열언간)>에 대하여

장고은,김영 국어사학회 2019 국어사연구 Vol.0 No.29

This study aims to introduce newly excavated relics of 13 eongan (letters written in Korean) from the tomb of Cheongpung Kim in Gokseong-gun, Jeollanam-do in 2016, which are named Letters Excavated from Cheongpung Kim’s Tomb or Yi Deokyeol Eongan, and to examine them bibliographically and linguistically to use them as Korean language data. These letters are currently housed in the Namwon Seokju Museum. The 13 letters were sent by Yi Deokyeol (李德悅, 1534~1599) to his wife, Cheongpung Kim (1567~1637), and one letter written by the wife included. The era of these letters is in 1590’s, in the middle of Joseon Dynasty. This data illustrates the pattern of the Central dialect of the late 16th century. First, in relation to the change of ‘․’ and ‘ㅡ’, the pattern changes to ‘․>ㅡ’ if the preceding consonant is [+ grave] or ‘ㅡ>․’ if the preceding consonant is [-grave]. In addition, ‘t’ palatalization does not appear, and the absence lenition of ‘k’ after verb final ‘l, j’ shows the linguistic characteristics of the end of the 16th century that changed from medieval Korean to modern Korean. 이 연구는 2016년 전남 곡성군의 청풍김씨 부인 묘에서 출토된 <청풍김씨묘출토언간(이덕열언간)> 13점을 소개하고 이를 국어학 자료로 활용하기 위하여 서지학적․국어학적으로 검토하였다. 이 자료는 현재 남원 석주미술관에 소장되어 있다. 13점의 편지는 조선 중기 양호당(養浩堂) 이덕열(李德悅, 1534~1599)과 그의 부인 청풍김씨(1567~1637) 사이에 오고간 것으로, 편지의 주된 발신인은 이덕열이며 1점은 부인이 쓴 편지를 포함한다. 편지의 발신 연대는 1590년대이다. 이 자료는 16세기 말 중부 방언의 양상을 잘 보여준다. 먼저 ‘ㆍ’, ‘ㅡ’ 변화와 관련하여, 제2음절 이하에서 선행 자음이 [+grave]이면 ‘ㆍ>ㅡ’로, 선행 자음이 [-grave]이면 ‘ㅡ>ㆍ’로 변화하는 양상이 관찰되었다. 또한 ㄷ구개음화 현상이 나타나지 않으며, 용언 어간 말 ‘ㄹ, j’ 뒤 ‘ㄱ’ 약화 현상이 일어나지 않는 것은 중세 한국어에서 근대 한국어로 변화해가는 16세기 말의 언어적 특징을 보여준다.

‘날로’, ‘세세로’ 유형 부사의 역사적 연구

장고은,김한결 서울대학교 인문학연구원 2019 人文論叢 Vol.76 No.3

This study aims to provide a historical explanation on the Korean adverbs ‘nalro’ (‘날로’) and ‘sesero’ (‘세세(世世)로’) types, which mean the repetition of time intervals. Although the two types appear similar in terms of morphology and semantics, they have different features in word formation. The ‘nalro’ type, a syntactic unit of a temporal noun and the postposition ‘ro’, has the meaning of ‘per X’, repetition of X intervals, e.g. ‘nalro’ (daily), in Middle Korean, since the case marker ‘ro’ has temporal usage for one of its meaning. The ‘nalro’ type adverbs come to obtain the meaning of ‘X by X’, like ‘nalro’ (day by day) in the context of change of state; thus their non-compositional meaning may lead to the lexicalization of the whole construction. The ‘sesero’ type, on the other hand, has paradigmatic relations with the reduplicated form ‘X’, ‘Xye’ and ‘Xro’, which are combined with ‘ye’ (←e) and ‘ro’ to reduplicated form, and these words have almost same usage (e.g. ‘sese’, ‘seseye’, ‘sesero’; ‘from generation to generation). The interpretation of time intervals of ‘sesero’ type adverbs comes from reduplication, and given our diachronic perspective, the ‘Xye’ and ‘Xro’ can be identified as forms inherited from a time prior to Middle Korean. 이 글은 시간 간격의 반복을 의미하는 ‘날로’, ‘세세로’ 유형 부사에대한 통시적 해석을 하는 것이 목적이다. 이들은 형태⋅의미적으로 유사하기에 동류로 취급될 가능성이 있으나, 그 형성 과정은 적지 않은차이가 있다. ‘날로’류는 시간 명사와 조사 ‘로’의 통사적 구성에서 비롯하였다. 조사 ‘로’는 시간 반복의 용법을 가지고 있었으므로, 선행하는 시간 명사와 결합하여 “매(每) X마다”라는 결합적 의미를 나타내었다. ‘날로’류는 특정 문맥에서 제3의 의미를 얻어 ‘X로’ 전체가 어휘화를 겪기도 하였다. 이에 비하여 ‘세세로’류는 부사로 쓰이는 첩어 구성‘X’와 첩어에 ‘예(←에)’나 ‘로’가 결합한 ‘X예’, ‘X로’가 거의 동일한의미를 가지고 계열관계를 이루었다. ‘세세로’류가 보이는 시간 반복의의미는 첩어 구성에서 비롯된 것이고, 이때 ‘X예’, ‘X로’는 통시태로서 중세한국어 이전 시기의 어형들이 계승된 것이다.

명사 수식 성분의 관형성과 부사성

장고은 서울대학교 국어국문학과 2008 冠嶽語文硏究 Vol.33 No.-

그린워싱 사례 분석을 통한 친환경 기업 경영 환경 조성 대책

이정민,장고은,진승희,황채윤,정석희 대한환경공학회 2023 대한환경공학회지 Vol.45 No.10

As environmental problems such as climate and resource depletion are seriously occurring worldwide, the climate crisis and environmental problems are drawing attention throughout society. Reflecting this reality, an increasing number of ESG management companies are promoting environmentally friendly products and conducting eco-friendly marketing to secure corporate competitiveness. Unfortunately, however, greenwashing marketing by companies that exploit society's preference for eco-friendly companies is also rapidly increasing. Greenwashing refers to camouflage environmentalism that is not actually environmentally friendly but appears to be environmentally friendly. Through this review, we will find out the beginning and meaning of greenwashing and try to explain the seriousness of greenwashing through cases of greenwashing that occurred in the aspects of the country, companies, and consumers. The trend of global regulation on greenwashing was examined, and through this, policy measures to suppress greenwashing were presented.

모자반류 유래 천연물에 의한 구강암세포의 세포사멸 효과

정서윤,이슬아,장고은,이숙영,김춘성 한국산업식품공학회 2023 학술대회 및 심포지엄 Vol.2023 No.04

문법 체계의 종합과 전망-고영근(2018) 우리말 문법, 그 총체적 모습-

최성규,엄상혁,장고은 형태론 2019 형태론 Vol.21 No.2

The Holistic Appearance of Korean Grammar (2018) is a great book that gathers almost all part of Korean grammatical study and realizes holistic descriptions. The book treats the standard language and dialects in both South Korea and North Korea, and the languages of the Korean diaspora. Furthermore, the book includes historical language data from ancient to present time. The author explains all of the data with a creative grammatical system that he built by himself. This system belongs to the third type in which the case marker and conjugational ending are not considered as a word. This book includes new various concepts and unique insistences throughout word category, morphology, and syntax. The reviewers examined the composition, system, concepts and terms of the book. We discussed some debatable parts and errors in detail. 고영근(2018), 우리말 문법, 그 총체적 모습은 우리말 문법 연구의 거의 모든 분 야를 모아서 ‘총체서술’을 실현한 큰 저서이다. 이 책은 남북한의 공통어와 방언, 재 외교포의 언어를 아울러 다루었으며, 고대부터 현대에 이르는 역사 속 언어자료까 지두루담아냈다. 또한이모든언어자료를저자가스스로세운남다른문법체계 로 설명하였는데, 이 체계는 격조사와 활용어미를 모두 단어로 보지 않는 제3유형 에속한다. 이책안에는품사체계부터형태론통사론전반에걸쳐다양한새개념 과 독특한 주장들이 들어있다. 서평자들은 이 책의 구성과 체계부터 개념과 용어 등등을 살펴보았으며, 논란이 예상되는 부분이나 세부사항의 착오들 몇 가지를 짚 어보기도 하였다.

마을재생을 위한 물리적, 사회적 제안

김제종(Kim, Je-Jong),장고은(Jang, Go-Eun),진주환(Jin, Ju-Hwan),장지혁(Jang, Ji-Hyuk),조용훈(Cho, Yong-Hoon) 한국주거학회 2017 한국주거학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.29 No.2