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최예용,임흥규,임신예,백도명,Choi, Ye-Yong,Lim, Heung-Kyu,Lim, Sin-Ye,Paek, Do-Myung 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.2
Introduction: After 17 years since the first production of humidifier disinfectants in Korea, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) announced that the odds ratio of lung injury related with humidifier disinfectant usage was 47.3 (95% confidence interval 6.0-369.7) according to a case-control study with 18 adult cases, including 8 pregnant women at a university hospital in Seoul. Results: From September 2011 to April 2012, one-hundred and seventy four victim cases have been reported to an environmental non-governmental group (NGO). We summarized timetable of humidifier disinfectants accidents, analyzed health outcomes (death, lung or lung and heart transplantation, pulmonary disease) of reported victims, and classified some information for humidifier disinfectants with health outcomes, and government action for this accident. Among the victims, number of death cases are 52 (30.0%), including 26 babies less than 3 years old. Sixty-nine victims come from twenty-seven family with 2 to 4 members per family. About twenty types of humidifier disinfectant products and about 600,000 product items a year have been sold. Fifty-two death cases used 7 different types of disinfectant products, including imported goods and some private brands of well-known supermarkets. KCDC confirmed inhalation toxicity of 6 products through an animal experimental test, and based on this observation recalled disinfectants containing PHMG (polyhexamethylene guanidine) and PGH (Oligo(2-(2-ethoxy)ethoxyethyl guanidinium chloride). Discussions: The use of these biocides involved highly fatal consequences among biologically vulnerable victims, such as pregnant women, several family member victims after semi-acute exposure. This is the first biocide disaster in Korea with non-specific targets, and unknown scale of victims, warranting concerns on use of biocides in the living environment. Conclusions: Special administrative agency for chemical safety and compensation act for environmental health victims are needed to prevent similar problems.
이종호,임흥규 釜山大學校 商科大學 1997 釜山商大論集 Vol.68 No.-
It is very important to businesses to develop and introduct new products to the market, if economic vitalness of them depends on continuous development of their product line. By entry of new products, businesses try to come to their customers and to win their competitors, but the countermove come with their moves like this. Signaling is the study field about the moves and countermoves, and new product preannouncement is a part of the signaling. Many results of the previous studies on NPP show that they concern why businesses preannounce, what effects NPP gives to the customers, how they react to the NNP, etc. But they oversee what effects NPP gives to the sending businesses. This is the study on the question like this. NPP signals have five characteristics : commitment, clarity, consistency, aggressiveness, timing of NPP. And there are seven influential factors. By the combination of the characteristics, the types of NPP signals are determined, which point out strategies to the markets and competitors. And the influents on the signal ; they can influence to the characteristics and the types of signal so that they can be used to change them.
가습기 살균제 피해자 호흡기로 흡입된 가습기 살균제 양 추정 - 호흡기 외부(external) 및 내부 노출(internal exposure) 추정 방법과 사례 -
박동욱,류승훈,임흥규,김선경,노현석,차원석,박두용 한국환경보건학회 2016 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.42 No.3
In South Korea, many cases of humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injury (HDLI) have been reported amongpeople who used humidifier products containing humidifier disinfectant (HD). The objectives of this study areto estimate both airborne HD concentration in the room where HD was used and the amount of humidifierdisinfectant absorbed into the respiratory system. Information and data on the HDs were collected using astructured questionnaire and home environmental investigations include the volume of HD (ml) and hours usedper day, concentration of disinfectants contained in the HD brand (μg/ml), volume of the room (m3), assumedventilation rate (m3/hr) and breathing rate assumed (m3/hr). We used children aged under five years old as asample and estimated both airborne HD concentrations and amount of HD absorbed into the respiratory system. The estimated airborne concentration of HD in the room ranged from 68 to 369 μg/m3 for PHMG(polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate) and from 16 to 239 μg/m3 for PGH (oligo (2-(2-ethoxy) ethoxyethylguanidine). The amount of HD absorbed in the respiratory system per day was estimated to range from 227 to1,225 μg for PHMG and from 53 to 794 μg for PGH. In conclusion, a great amount of HD was likely absorbedinto respiratory system, likely beyond the level of the capacity of the immune system to remove the HDabsorbed.
가습기 살균제 폐 손상 피해자의 살균제 노출 특성 -태아와 임산부 노출을 중심으로 -
박동욱,류승훈,임흥규,김선경,안종주,노현석,최예용,차원석,이은,홍상범,도경현,조재림,배문주,신동천,백도명,홍수종 한국환경보건학회 2016 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.42 No.3
In South Korea, many cases of humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injury (HDLI) have been reported amongpeople who used humidifier products containing humidifier disinfectant (HD). The objective of this study is tocharacterize exposure to HD among a total of 221 HDLI patients who used HD. Information and data on theHDs used were collected through a structured questionnaire and home environmental investigations. Theconditions of these 221 HDLI patients were clinically confirmed to be caused by the use of HD. Children agedunder 5 years old made up the highest proportion of HDLI cases (n=125, 56.6 %), followed by pregnant women(n=35, 15.8%). Forty-three percent (n=95) of the victims died. There were three cases of fetuses and 35 pregnantwomen among the victims. The number of HDLI patients who used only the Oxy Saksak brand of HD wasfound to be 85 (38.5%), followed by the HD brands Cefu (n=24, 10.9%), Lottemart Wiselect (n=9, 4.1%) andAekyung (n=3). Patients who exclusively used HD brands containing polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate(PHMG) (n=13, 55.7%) as an active ingredient made up the largest share, followed by those who exclusively used HD containing only oligo(2-(2-ethoxy) ethoxyethyl guanidinium (PGH) (n=24, 10.9%) and by those whoonly used a mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) (n=3, 1.4%). HDproducts containing PHMG were found to be the most commonly used among the confirmed HDLI patients. Three exposed fetuses who never used HD after birth developed lung injuries, indicating a probability ofexposure to HD during gestation. All HDLI patients responded that they used HD while sleeping and for longerthan 10 hours per day. In conclusion, the development of HDLI was clinically found to be associated with theuse of several HD products containing PHMG, PGH and CMIT/MIT.