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집속 아르곤 이온 레이저 빔을 이용한 레이저 유도 직접 구리 패터닝
이홍규,이경철,안민영,이천,Lee, Hong-Kyu,Lee, Kyoung-Cheol,Ahn, Min-Young,Lee, Cheon 한국전기전자재료학회 2000 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.13 No.11
Laser direct writing of micro-patterned copper lines has been achieved by pyrolytic decomposition of copper formate films (Cu(HCOO)$_2$.4$H_2O$), as a metallo-organic precursor, using a focused CW Ar$^{+}$ laser beam (λ=514nm) on PCB boards and glass substrates. The linewidth and thickness of the lines wee investigated as a functin of laser power and scan speed. The profiles of the lines were measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface profiler ($\alpha$-step) and atomic force measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface profiler ($\alpha$-step) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrical resistivities of the patterned lines were also investigated as a function of laser parameters using probe station and semiconductor analyzer. We compared resistivities of the patterned copper lines with these of the Cu bulk. Resistivities decreased due to changes in morphology and porosity of the deposit, which were about 3.8 $\mu$$\Omega$cm and 12$\mu$$\Omega$cm on PCB and glass substrates after annealing at 30$0^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes.s.
유전 알고리즘의 조기수렴 저감을 위한 연산자 소인방법 연구
이홍규,Lee, Hong-Kyu 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.17 No.12
GA (Genetic Algorithms) are efficient for searching for global optima but may have some problems such as premature convergence, convergence to local extremum and divergence. These phenomena are related to the evolutionary operators. As population diversity converges to low value, the search ability of a GA decreases and premature convergence or converging to local extremum may occur but population diversity converges to high value, then genetic algorithm may diverge. To guarantee that genetic algorithms converge to the global optima, the genetic operators should be chosen properly. In this paper, we analyze the effects of the selection operator, crossover operator, and mutation operator on convergence properties, and propose the sweeping method of mutation probability and elitist propagation rate to maintain the diversity of the GA's population for getting out of the premature convergence. Results of simulation studies verify the feasibility of using these sweeping operators to avoid premature convergence and convergence to local extrema.
로보트 시스템의 동력학적 제한 조건과 가변구조 제어 파라메타의 상관관계에 관한 연구
이홍규,이범희,최계근,Lee, Hong-Kyu,Lee, Bum-Hee,Choi, Keh-Kun 대한전자공학회 1989 전자공학회논문지 Vol. No.
가변구조 제어방법을 이용하여 로보트 시스템을 제어하는데 있어서 현재까지는 가변구조 제어 파라메타에 대한 정확한 분석없이 슬라이딩 모드 존재조건 만을 고려하여 임의의 파라메타를 선정 사용하고 있기 때문에 가변구조 제어 방법의 장점을 최대로 활용하지 못하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 로보트 시스템 제어에 적용하여 조인트 각과 손의 궤적에 미치는 양향을 분석하였다. 본 논문에서 분석된 결과는 가변구조 제어 방법을 이용하여 경로 궤적계획을 하는데 효과적으로 활용될 수 있다. In the control of the robot system using the variable structure control(VSC) method, up to these days the advantage of the VSC method has not been applied effectively because the parameters are selected arbitrarily by the existence condition of sliding mode without a precise analysis about the VSC parameters. This paper reveals the relation between dynamic constraints and the VSC parameters of robot system, and analyzes the effect on the trajectory of the joint angle and the hand when the analytical result of the relation is applied to the robot system control. The result of the analysis in this paper is applied effectively to the path tracking control and the trajectory planning using the VSC method.
인체 각질형성세포와 KB 세포에서의 Fas 항체 , IFN - γ , IL - 1α에 의한 apoptosis 유발에 관한 연구
이홍규,황규왕,박영립,김영근,( Hong Kyu Lee,Kyu Uang Whang,Young Lip Park,Young Keun Kim,David A Norris ) 대한피부과학회 1997 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.35 No.2
Background: The Fas antigen is a cell surface molecule that mediates apoptosis in many cell types. Matsues group indicated that keratinocytes constitutively express the Fas antigen and apoptosis was induced only on pretreatment with interferon-r(IFN-y) in cultured normal human keratinocytes(NHK). Objective : We undertook this study to determine the induction of apoptosis by Fas antibody alone and/or in combination with IFN y, IL-1a in normal human keratinocytes(NHK) and transitional epithelioma cell lines(KB cell) which had lower levels of intracellular IL-1 receptor antago- nists(IL-1ra ). Methods : We used cultured NHK and KB cells. Each cell was treated with IFN-r, IL-la and Fas antibody for induction of apoptosis. For quantifying the apoptosis, index fluorescent DNA- binding dyes were used. Result: Fas antibody alone could induce apoptosis not only in KB cells but also in NHK cells. The combination of Fas antibody and IFN-r enhanced the induction of apoptosis in NHK and KB cells. The IL-la alone could induce apoptosis only in KB cells which had relatively small amounts of IL-1ra compared to NHK. Conclusion : Our result may indicate that Fas antigen in human keratinocytes can regulate normal epidermal cellular differentiation and proliferation. (Kor J Dermatol 1997;35(2): 273-278)
이홍규 ( Hong Kyu Lee ),유종호 ( Jong Ho Yoo ),이승원 ( Seung Won Lee ),김선희 ( Sun Hee Kim ),원용석 ( Yong Suk Won ),윤순종 ( Soon Jong Yoon ) 한국복합신소재구조학회 2015 복합신소재학회논문집 Vol.6 No.3
In this paper, we present the result of investigations pertaining to the elastic buckling of simply supported columns with various cross-sectional dimensions but the same length and volume. In the investigations the accuracy of the analysis methods is studied and it was found that the result obtained by the successive approximations technique is the most accurate. In addition, the elastic buckling loads of columns with variable cross-section dimensions are obtained by the theoretical and numerical methods. From the results, it was found that the buckling loads obtained by the numerical methods are close to the buckling loads obtained by the successive approximations technique for the practical standpoints. Moreover, the buckling load of column with convexity in its middle is the highest while the buckling load of the tapered column is the lowest as expected.
이홍규(Lee hong-kyu),김근영(Kim guen-young),유대성(Yoo dae-sung),오창석(Oh chang-suk) 한국콘텐츠학회 2004 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.2 No.1
본 논문에서는 최근에 빈번하게 발생하는 트래픽 폭주 공격에 대해 대응하기 위하여 기존의 SNMP를 이용하는 트래픽 폭주공격 탐지방법을 향상시키기 위해 임계값 ε와 임계값 θ을 사용하였다. 임계치에 따라서 트래픽 분석을 실행시킴으로써 시스템 자원을 보다 효율적으로 이용하기 위한 방법을 제시하였다. In this paper, We used thresholds ε, θ to improve traffic flooding attack detection method using SNMP in opposition to frequent traffic flooding attack. accordingly, we can use system resourses more efficient as execute traffic analysys by threshold
이홍규 ( Hong Kyu Lee ) 사단법인 한국교수불자연합회 2009 한국교수불자연합학회지 Vol.15 No.2
민주주의란 대표성과 숙의성에 기반한 제도이다. 이 두 가지 요소의 조화는 민주주의에 내재된 숙제로서, 특히 현대 사회의 구조적 변화는 우리로 하여금 더욱 더 이에 대한 관심을 갖도록 요구한다. 참여의 확산은 숙의성에 대한 논란을 불러일으킨다. 이와 관련하여 우리가 살펴보아야 할 것 중 하나 .가 정치적 함의를 갖는 쏠림 현상들이고, 그 대표적 사례가 2008년의 촛불집 회이다 이런 쏠림은 시민사회의 공론장의 활성화라는 측면에서는 긍정적일 수 있지만, 한편으로는 그 쏠림을 어떻게 숙의 역량이 있는 것으로 만들 것이냐는 문제를 제기한다. 특히 보수와 진보의 대립으로 점증하고 있는 미움이 소통과 이성의 숙의 역량을 위협하는 가운데, 숙의 역량을 어떻게 확보할 것인가 하는 문제가 정치사회학의 새로운 과제라 할 수 있다. 우리는 이 사회집단들 간의 미움을 불식시키고, 공동체의 이익을 새롭게 복원시키는 작업에 있어 그 일부의 역할을 불교에서 찾을 수 있다. 이미 한국 문화 속에 자리 잡은 불교의 사상체계가 이 이념의 대립을 완화시킬 수 있기 때문이다. Democracy is a much-contested concept. But fundamentally it is a system based on both representation and deliberation which are to be combined together and harmonized each other. Structural changes in our contemporary society prompt us to have more concerns about the two elements of democracy. As political participations of citizens are actively enlarged, it becomes more important to ensure deliberation capacity of democratic system. In this regard, special attention is to be paid to politically-tipping phenomena recently coming out in Korean society. The 2008 Candlelight Meeting in protest against the Government decision to import US meat was an example of such phenomena which drew our attention to deliberation. A question of how such phenomenon matches well with the deliberation capacity of the Korean society may be raised, while it can be regarded as the activation of public sphere in civil society. This issue is pressed upon us, especially because Korean society now faces the increasing threat of hatred coming out of confrontations between the conservatives and the liberals. Splits and hatred spread over the Korean society would weaken its deliberation capacity implying mutual communication and rationality for the better quality of its collective decision. It may be a new topic in the discourse of political sociology that how such deliberation capacity can be built up in Korea. A solution to reduce substantially hatred between both of ideological groups and rebuild newly the Korean community can be found in Buddhism. That is why the Buddhism way of thinking that has been long rooted in the Korean traditional culture is believed to play a very major role in mitigating ideological confrontations and hatred in the society.