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유통 축·수산물 중 잔류벤질페니실린의 검출 및 모니터링
이효정(Hyo Jeong Lee),강영원(Young Won Kang),이수민(Soo Min Lee),안경아(Kyung A An),이륜경(Ryun Kyung Lee),서상철(Sang Cheol Seo),이주희(Ju Hee Lee),임무혁(Moo Hyeog Im),이정림(Jeong Rim Lee),홍충만(Choong Man Hong),장문익(Moon Ik Ch 한국식품과학회 2014 한국식품과학회지 Vol.46 No.3
국내 유통 중인 돼지고기, 소고기, 닭고기, 넙치 232건의 시료에 대해 벤질페니실린의 잔류량을 조사하기 위해 현행 식품공전 상 축·수산물 중 벤질페니실린 분석법에 대한 검증을 실시하고 모니터링을 수행하였다. 그 결과 벤질페니실린에 대한 분석법은 CODEX에서 요구하는 기준에 적합한 정밀성과 정확성을 보였다. 벤질페니실린의 잔류량 모니터링 결과 축산물 193건 중 11건, 수산물 39건 중 2건 총 13건이 검출되었다. 검출된 수준은 축·수산물 12건에서 0.001-0.004 mg/kg으로 잔류허용기준 이하로 검출되었으나, 축산물 중 국내산 돼지고기 1건에서 잔류허용기준을 초과한 0.134 mg/kg 수준으로 검출되어 해당 유관기관에 부적합 통보 및 사후관리를 요청하였다. 따라서 벤질페니실린 등 항생제는 다른 동물용 의약품에 비해 사용빈도가 많은 만큼 지속적으로 잔류모니터링과 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. Penicillin and its salts, including the benzatine, procaine, and sodium salts, have been widely used in human and veterinary medicine. Owing to their low toxicity, they currently form the most important group of antibiotics. However, overdose and abuse of these antibiotics may lead to potential risk in human health. Therefore, this study was conducted to validate the analysis method established by the Korea Food Code in 2012 and to monitor the levels of benzylpenicillin residues in products with reference to the maximum residue level (MRL). Of the 232 product samples tested, benzylpenicillin was detected in 11 livestock products and 2 marine products. Benzylpenicillin concentrations were found to be lower than the MRL in 12 products; however, the concentration of benzylpenicillin was found to be greater than the MRL in 1 pork product. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for benzylpenicillin was found to be 0.001-0.002 mg/kg, with an average recovery of 90.4-115.3%. Calibrations showed good linearity of 0.995 over a range of 0.002-0.05 mg/kg.
인문학적 상상력과 서사전략 한국 현대 소설에 나타난 전화를 통한 일상성 연구 -1970년대부터 2000년대 소설을 중심으로-
이승하 ( Seung Ha Lee ),이충만 ( Choong Man Lee ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2011 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.36
Telephone is one of important media in modern daily life. Since telephone was diffused, it has altered constantly according to the indication of the times and the needs of people. Modern Korean novels reflect well on its feature, so they have tried to express daily life of people by telephone. Therefore, to study the progress of telephone is deeply related to both the historical change of daily life and Korean Modern history. According to the times, Korean novels has reflected on the consciousness of the present age. The telephone in 1970s is awesome like the other stuffs from Western civilization. So, it exists as just a tool. But, gradually telephone becomes the symbol of consumption with the economic growth in 1980s. The advent of public phone in 1990s makes telephone to get the emotional function beyond technical one. And, it is made to be the media as the expansion of the human body by the diffusion of public phone. Nowadays, cellar phone develops from the basic function to talk with people in remote places to the higher function to reflect the needs and convenience of people. Telephone changes into the symbol to express its user`s identity. These development of telephone as media have altered the relations among telephone, people, and novels.
Establishment of the National Standard for Prekallikrein Activator with a Collaborative Study
In Soo Shin(신인수),Jae Yeon Cho(조재연),Soon Nam Kim(김순남),Choong Man Hong(홍충만),Ki Hong Lee(이기홍),Ho Jung Oh(오호정),Si Hyung Yoo(유시형),Jae Hyun Lim(임재현),Seung Eun Choi(최승은),Colin Longstaff,Hong Ki Min(민홍기),Sue 한국생물공학회 2004 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2004 No.4
동심원형 대칭 전기장 집속 방식을 응용한 자가 이온 보조 소스 제작 및 Cu 박막증착
송재훈(Jae-Hoon Song),김기환(Ki-Hwan Kim),이충만(Choong-Man Lee),최성창(Sung-Chang Choi),송종한(Jong-Han Song),정형진(Hyung-Jin Jung),최원국(Won-Kook Choi) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1999 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.8 No.2
자가 이온 보조 빔 (Self-Ion Assisted Beam; SIAB)를 이용해 Cu 박막을 증착한 후 박막의 특성을 조사하였다. 소스의 특성과 실험 절차를 총 전력, 이온화율, 증착 속도에 따른 이온 전류로 나타내었다. SIAB 방법으로 증착한 Cu 박막의 가속 전압의 변화에 따른 결정 구조, 불순물 농도와 비저항의 영향에 대해서 조사하였다. Cu thin film was deposited by a self-ion assisted beam source (SIAB) and the assessment of the Cu films was given. Some characteristics of the source and the experimental procedure are described at various conditions such as total power, ionization efficiency, and ion current vs. deposition rate. The dependence of crystalline structure, impurity concentration, and resistivity of the Cu films deposited by SIAB on acceleration voltage are discussed.
다장기 중기발암성 시험법을 이용한 셀렌염의 대장암 억제효과에 대한 연구
한범석,홍충만,신동환,이국경,안병우,장동덕 한국수의병리학회 2001 한국수의병리학회지 Vol.5 No.1
This study was conducted to assess the chemopreventive effects of sodium selenite in the rat medium-term multi-organ bioassay using a DMBDD model (DEN+MNU+BBN+DMH+DHPN). Seventy five, 6-week-old, male SD rats were divided into 3 groups. The animals in group 1 received DEN(diethylnitrosamine, 100 ㎎/㎏ bw, single i.p., in saline), MNU (N-methyl-nitrosourea, 20 ㎎/㎏ bw, i.p., 4 times for 2 weeks), BBN (N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine, 0.2% in drinking water for 2 weeks), DMH (1,2-dimethylhydrazine, 40 ㎎/㎏ bw, s.c., in saline, 4 times for 2 weeks), and DHPN (N-bis(2-hydroxy-propyl)nitrosamine, 0.1% in drinking water for 2 weeks), then were placed on sodium selenite (4 ppm in drinking water) for 22 weeks from weeks 4 to 26. The animals in group 2 were given DMBDD alone. The animals in group 3 were given sodium selenite alone. Animals were sacrificed at week 12 for ACF quantitative analysis and at week 26 for tumor induction. The body weights in the group 1 were significantly decreased compared with those of group 2. The tumor multiplicities of large intestine in the group 1 were significantly decreased compared with those of group 2 (P<0.05). These results indicate that sodium selenite may have a potential as chemopreventive agents of colon carcinogenesis.
Flow cytometry 기법을 이용한 임파구의 분류
최광식,신동환,홍충만,윤창용,이원규,조재천,원도희 식품의약품안전청 1998 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.2 No.-
면역계는 의약품이나 화학물긱의 독성에 대한 주요한 표적 장기로 보고되고 있다. 따라서 각국의 유해물질 관리 기관에서는 여러 가지 화학물질의 면역 독성을 평가하기 위하여 가이드 라인을 설정하고 있다. 미국의 Environmetal-Proction Agency (EPA)애서는 랫드와 마우스를 이용한 제초제 및 화학물질의 독성시험에서 면역 독성을 정가하기 위하여 추가적인 시험을 요하고 있다. EPA의 1996년 문서 Health Effect Test Guideline (OPPTS 570.7800 Irnrnunotoxicity)에서 여러 가지 면역 독성 평가 방법 중 랫드와 마우스의 비장과 혈액에서 임파구 분포에 관한 분석시험법에 포함되어 있디·. 또한 미국 FDA에서는 직접적인 식품첨가물의 면역독성을 평가하기 위하여 랫드 비장에서 딘 세포와 T 세로의 분포를 분석하도록 권장하고 있다. 본 실험을 수챙하여 선진국의 유해물질 규제기관에서 면역 독성시험법으로 전장하고 있는 시험법중 하나인 fBow cytonleter를 이용한 혈액 및 비장에서 임파구의 표현형 분석하는 방법을 확립하고자 쏜였다. 본 실험에서는 임파구의 세분류중 전체 B 세포, 전체 T 세포, helper T 세포,cytotoxicjsuppressor T 세포에 대한 항체를 사용하여 분석하였다. 혈액에서 B 세포는 암수 각각 35.4%와 37.6%를 나타내었고, T 세포는 암수 각각 52.7%와 50.4%를 나타내었고, hetper T 세포는 암수 각각 33.1%와 34.1%를 나타내었고, eytotoxicjsuppressor T 세포는 암수 각각 19.5%와 15.9%를 나타내었고, 미분화 T세포는 암수 각각 1.9%와 1.7%를 나타내었다. 비장에서 B 세포는 암수 각각 54.4%와 53-8%를 나타내었고, T 세포는 암수 각각 40.3%와 37-2%를 나타내었고, helper T 세포는 암수 각각 24.6%와 23.4%를 나타내었고, eftotoricjsuppressor T 세포는 암수 각각 10.8%와 13.2%를 나타내었고, 미분화 T 세포는 암수 각각 2.0%와 1.8%를 나타내었다. 본 실험을 수행하여 Wistar 랫드의 혈액 및 비장에서 단클론 항체와 flow cytometry 기법을 이용한 임파구 분룬 된석법을 확릴하였으며, 면역 독성물질이나 면역 기능 저해물질의 폭성시험에 이 방법을 적용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The immune systefn has been demonstrated to be art important target organ of toxicity for drugs and chemicals. As a result, a number of regulatory agencies have proposed guideliRes for eval-uating the potential irnrnuuotdricity of various compounds. The quantification of rat and mice splenic orperipheral blood Iyrnphocyte populations is one of several tests listed in EPA's 1996 draft Health TestGuidelines. However, the quant;ification of rat Iymphocyte populatioEls in the spleeB and perip'heral bloodhas not been extensively evaluated or validated among laboratories. Furthermore, no standard protocolhas been established for quanti:tatiBg rat Iymphocyte populations. A flow cytometry method was used tocharacterize Iymphocyte subsets in the Wistar rat. Mononuclear leukocytes from peripheral blood audspleen of mate and female rats were labeled with fluerescently tagged monoclonal antibodies directedagainst specific cell surface prHfteins. The differential expression of these marlter proteins was used tophenotypically distinguish one subpopulation of Iymphocytes from another when analyzed via flowcytoinetry. This method was used to determine the relative percentages of total B cells, total T cells,helper T cells, cytotoxic/suppr,essor T cells and immature T cells in peripheral blood and spleen. Thisflow cytometry method call be used to accurately assess the potential immunotoxic orimmubomodulatory effect of Benobiotic agents as characterized by changes in the phenotypic eTpressionpatterns or a?erations in the qiuantity of Iymphocyte subpoputationf: in the rat.