The Nuclear Localization of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3beta Is Required Its Putative PY-Nuclear Localization Sequences

신성화,강상순,이은정,JAESUN CHUN,현성희,Youg Il Kim 한국분자세포생물학회 2012 Molecules and cells Vol.34 No.4

Glycogen synthase kinase-3(GSK-3), which is a mem-ber of the serine/threonine kinase family, has been shown to be crucial for cellular survival, differentiation, and metabolism. Here, we present evidence that GSK-3 is associated with the karyopherin 2 (Kap 2) (102-kDa), which functions as a substrate for transportation into the nucleus. A potential PY-NLS motif (109IVRLRYFFY117) was observed, which is similar with the consensus PY NLS motif (R/K/H)X2–5PY in the GSK-3 catalytic domain. Using a pull down approach, we observed that GSK-3 physically interacts with Kap 2 both in vivo and in vitro. Secondly, GSK-3 and Kap 2 were shown to be co-localized by confocal microscopy. The localization of GSK-3 to the nuclear region was disrupted by putative Kap 2 binding site mutation. Furthermore, in transient transfection assays, the Kap 2 binding site mutant induced a substantial reduction in the in vivo serine/threonine phosphorylation of GSK-3, where- as the GSK-3 wild type did not. Thus, our observations indicated that Kap 2 imports GSK-3 through its putative PY NLS motif from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and increases its kinase activity.

유치원 어린이의 허브식물을 이용한 원예활동에 대한 반응

신성화,조문수,김태연 인간식물환경학회 2012 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구는 유치원 어린이의 허브식물을 이용한 원예활동을 통하여 그 반응에 관하여 알아보고 이러한 원예활동이 미치는 교육적 효과를 알아보기 위하여 가설을 제시하고 그 가설에 타당성을 부여하기 위해 허브식물을 활용한 수업과 설문조사를 실시하고 그 결과를 바탕으로 교육적 효과에 대하여 분석하였다. “허브식물을 이용한 체험활동이 어린이들의 정서안정, 집중력 증진, 사회성 발달, 책임감 함양 등의 다양한 능력 향상에 기여 할 것이다.” 조사대상 어린이 529명, 유치원 선생님 60명, 자녀를 둔 일반인 75명, 유치원 어린이의 보호자 52명, 조사대상 유치원 이외의 어린이 205명을 대상으로 연구하고 그 결과를 분석한 내용은 다음과 같다. 2/3정도의 어린이가 허브라는 것에 대하여 이름을 들어 보았다고 하였으나 직접 허브를 길러 보았다는 결과는 40%에 불과하였다. 허브를 이용한 원예활동의 필요성은 높은 것에 반해 실제 가정에서 허브를 키우고 있는지에 대한 결과는 저조하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 여유 없는 도시환경을 반증하는 결과이다. 그리고 어린이의 약 70%가 허브를 알고 있었고 40% 정도는 직접 길러 보았다고 하였다. 이로 짐작해 볼 때 30% 정도는 허브를 직접 길러보지는 않았지만 부모, 유치원 선생님 등의 다른 어른들에게 이야기를 듣거나 방송 광고 또는 여러 가지 대중매체를 통해서 알게 된 경우라고 추론할 수 있다. 98.5%가 허브를 직접 길러 보고 싶다는 의견을 보였으며 어린이들도 허브 선택 시 향기에 따라 선택하는 경향이 큰 것을 알 수 있다. 어린이들의 허브식물에 대한 관심은 처음 무관심에 가까웠으나 간단한 설명을 한 후에는 어린이들이 한꺼번에 향기를 맡아보려고 하여 소란이 일어날 때도 있었을 만큼 반응의 변화가 달랐다. 초반 주위가 소란할 정도로 집중도가 낮은 경우도 있었는데 반해 후반에는 관심이 없던 어린이들도 관심을 보이고 종료시간을 물어올 만큼 재미를 느끼고 있음을 보여 주었다. 미래사회를 여유롭고 윤택하게 살아갈 수 있는 전인교육의 출발점이라 할 수 있는 유아교육현장에서 원예활동은 매우 중요하며 이는 도시의 어린이들이 자연스럽게 자연을 경험할 수 있는 가장 좋은 방법이다. 본 연구에서 조사한 바에 의하면 어린이들의 관심도와 참여도를 분석해 볼 때 설명이전과 설명이후, 초반부와 후반부의 행동변화에서 탐구력, 집중력 등의 변화가 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 참여한 대상자 중 90% 이상 대부분의 어린이들이 원예활동의 필요성을 절실히 느끼고 있으며 기회가 주어진다면 적극 참여를 하고 싶어 한다는 결과를 얻었다. 교육적 원예활동의 필요성과 중요성을 거듭 인식하게 되었다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합해 볼 때 허브식물을 이용한 교육적 원에활동의 실시는 어린이들에게 정서안정, 집중력 증진, 사회성 발달, 책임감 함양, 인지능력 발달 등의 다양한 교육적 효과가 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. This study was conducted to survey and analyze the effects of horticultural activities using herb plants on the education of kindergarten kids, and what kind of thoughts and feelings children have on those activities, arranged the relationship between fragrant herb plants and our children's emotions that are growing ever westernized. Research subjects are emphasized on "How children's attitude change in the course of horticultural activities using herb and herb class?" and "Do horticultural activities using herb plants give children educational effects?", and proposed a hypothesis that horticultural activities using herb plants will contribute to the improvement of various abilities of children like emotional stability, concentration, sociability and sense of responsibility etc. The area and subject of this survey were mainly investigated for the kindergartens located in Daegu city. As for the subjects, the survey was conducted male and female 529 kindergarten children on the age 6 and 7 enrolled in kindergartens and 205 children not enrolled in kindergarten. 67.7% of the entire children responded they knew the name of herb, and 40.6% responded they grew herb at home. Children's interests in herb were high, and 98.5% of the children answered they want to grow herb personally. The herbs which children likes are in the order of lemon balm(28.6%), rosemary(26.7%), lamb's ears(10%), and the reasons for selection of the herbs were fragrance with 69.2% and pretty shape with 11%, according to the responses. As a result of the analysis of children's interest degree, interests before explanation(smelling fragrance 3.8%) were different from those after explanation(smelling fragrance 75.2%), and according to the analysis of participation degree, change was shown between early stage(positive participation 38%) and late stage(positive participation 79.4%), indicating change of behaviors like ability to explore, and ability to concentrate etc. The results have shown that over 90% of children felt ultimate necessity of horticultural activities, and if opportunity comes, they wanted to participate actively. The necessity and importance of educational horticultural activities were recognized again. In conclusion, execution of horticultural activities using herb is deemed to give children various education effects like emotional stability, improvement of concentration, development of sociability, cultivation of sense of responsibility and development of recognition ability etc.

韓國老人福祉政策의 問題點과 發展方向

신성화 조선대학교 통일문제연구소 2000 統一 問題 硏究 Vol.13 No.-

유치원 어린이의 허브식물을 이용한 원예활동에 대한 반응

신성화,조문수,김태연 한국인간·식물·환경학회 2012 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구는 유치원 어린이의 허브식물을 이용한 원예활동을 통하여 그 반응에 관하여 알아보고 이러한 원예활동이 미치는 교육적 효과를 알아보기 위하여 가설을 제시하고 그 가설에 타당성을 부여하기 위해 허브식물을 활용한 수업과 설문조사를 실시하고 그 결과를 바탕으로 교육적 효과에 대하여 분석하였다. “허브식물을 이용한 체험활동이 어린이들의 정서안정, 집중력 증진, 사회성 발달, 책임감 함양 등의 다양한 능력 향상에 기여 할 것이다.” 조사대상 어린이 529명, 유치원 선생님 60명, 자녀를 둔 일반인 75명, 유치원 어린이의 보호자 52명, 조사대상 유치원 이외의 어린이 205명을 대상으로 연구하고 그 결과를 분석한 내용은 다음과 같다. 2/3정도의 어린이가 허브라는 것에 대하여 이름을 들어 보았다고 하였으나 직접 허브를 길러 보았다는 결과는 40%에 불과하였다. 허브를 이용한 원예활동의 필요성은 높은 것에 반해 실제 가정에서 허브를 키우고 있는지에 대한 결과는 저조하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 여유 없는 도시환경을 반증하는 결과이다. 그리고 어린이의 약 70%가 허브를 알고 있었고 40% 정도는 직접 길러 보았다고 하였다. 이로 짐작해 볼 때 30% 정도는 허브를 직접 길러보지는 않았지만 부모, 유치원 선생님 등의 다른 어른들에게 이야기를 듣거나 방송 광고 또는 여러 가지 대중매체를 통해서 알게 된 경우라고 추론할 수 있다. 98.5%가 허브를 직접 길러 보고 싶다는 의견을 보였으며 어린이들도 허브 선택 시 향기에 따라 선택하는 경향이 큰 것을 알 수 있다. 어린이들의 허브식물에 대한 관심은 처음 무관심에 가까웠으나 간단한 설명을 한 후에는 어린이들이 한꺼번에 향기를 맡아보려고 하여 소란이 일어날 때도 있었을 만큼 반응의 변화가 달랐다. 초반 주위가 소란할 정도로 집중도가 낮은 경우도 있었는데 반해 후반에는 관심이 없던 어린이들도 관심을 보이고 종료시간을 물어올 만큼 재미를 느끼고 있음을 보여 주었다. 미래사회를 여유롭고 윤택하게 살아갈 수 있는 전인교육의 출발점이라 할 수 있는 유아교육현장에서 원예활동은 매우 중요하며 이는 도시의 어린이들이 자연스럽게 자연을 경험할 수 있는 가장 좋은 방법이다. 본 연구에서 조사한 바에 의하면 어린이들의 관심도와 참여도를 분석해 볼 때 설명이전과 설명이후, 초반부와 후반부의 행동변화에서 탐구력, 집중력 등의 변화가 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 참여한 대상자 중 90% 이상 대부분의 어린이들이 원예활동의 필요성을 절실히 느끼고 있으며 기회가 주어진다면 적극 참여를 하고 싶어 한다는 결과를 얻었다. 교육적 원예활동의 필요성과 중요성을 거듭 인식하게 되었다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합해 볼 때 허브식물을 이용한 교육적 원에활동의 실시는 어린이들에게 정서안정, 집중력 증진, 사회성 발달, 책임감 함양, 인지능력 발달 등의 다양한 교육적 효과가 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. This study was conducted to survey and analyze the effects of horticultural activities using herb plants on the education of kindergarten kids, and what kind of thoughts and feelings children have on those activities, arranged the relationship between fragrant herb plants and our children's emotions that are growing ever westernized. Research subjects are emphasized on “How children's attitude change in the course of horticultural activities using herb and herb class?” and “Do horticultural activities using herb plants give children educational effects?”, and proposed a hypothesis that horticultural activities using herb plants will contribute to the improvement of various abilities of children like emotional stability, concentration, sociability and sense of responsibility etc. The area and subject of this survey were mainly investigated for the kindergartens located in Daegu city. As for the subjects, the survey was conducted male and female 529 kindergarten children on the age 6 and 7 enrolled in kindergartens and 205 children not enrolled in kindergarten. 67.7% of the entire children responded they knew the name of herb, and 40.6% responded they grew herb at home. Children's interests in herb were high, and 98.5% of the children answered they want to grow herb personally. The herbs which children likes are in the order of lemon balm(28.6%), rosemary(26.7%), lamb's ears(10%), and the reasons for selection of the herbs were fragrance with 69.2% and pretty shape with 11%, according to the responses. As a result of the analysis of children's interest degree, interests before explanation(smelling fragrance 3.8%) were different from those after explanation(smelling fragrance 75.2%), and according to the analysis of participation degree, change was shown between early stage(positive participation 38%) and late stage(positive participation 79.4%), indicating change of behaviors like ability to explore, and ability to concentrate etc. The results have shown that over 90% of children felt ultimate necessity of horticultural activities, and if opportunity comes, they wanted to participate actively. The necessity and importance of educational horticultural activities were recognized again. In conclusion, execution of horticultural activities using herb is deemed to give children various education effects like emotional stability, improvement of concentration, development of sociability, cultivation of sense of responsibility and development of recognition ability etc.

한국노인복지정책의 문제점과 발전방향

신성화(Seong Hwa Shin) 조선대학교 동북아연구소 2000 동북아연구 Vol.13 No.-

N/A

북한 함경북도 일부 주민의 기생충 감염 실태 조사

이순옥,신성화,최민호,윤희원,홍성태,Lee, Sun-Ok,Sin, Seong-Hwa,Choe, Min-Ho,Yun, Hui-Won,Hong, Seong-Tae 한국건강관리협회 2005 한국건강관리협회지 Vol.3 No.2

A small scale survey on intestinal parasitic infections was investigated by subjecting residents of North Korea to recommend a plausible control strategy. The Kato-Katz method was applied to 235 residents in a borderline city and 46 in a refugee camp in borderline China. Only eggs of Ascaris and Trichuris were detected in 41.1% and 37.6% respectively but most of them were light infected. Females were infected in 61.2% while 53.1% males were egg positive. By age, residents in their 30s showed highest egg positive rates. The survey confirmed high prevalence of soil-transmitted intestinal nematodes in rural areas in North Korea It is recommended to implement mass chemotherapy for al residents with a part sample examination in rural areas, North Korea.

The modulation of TRPV4 channel activity through its Ser 824 residue phosphorylation by SGK1

이은정,신성화,천재순,현성희,김양미,강상순 한국통합생물학회 2010 Animal cells and systems Vol.14 No.2

With the consensus sequence information of the serum glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase-1 (SGK1)phosphorylation site {R-X-R-X-X-(S/T)Φ; where Φ is any hydrophobic amino acid}, we noticed that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) cation channel, a member of the TRP vanilloid subfamily, harbors the putative SGK1 phosphorylation site (on its Ser 824). We have demonstrated that TRPV4 is an SGK1 authentic substrate protein, with the phosphorylation on the Ser 824 of TRPV4 by SGK1. Further, using TRPV4 mutants (S824A and S824D), we noted that the modification of the Ser 824 activates its Ca2 entry, and sensitizes the TRPV4 channel to 4-α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4-αPDD) or heat, simultaneously enhancing its active state. Additionally, we determined that the modification of the Ser 824 controls both its plasma membrane localization and its protein interactions with calmodulin. Thus, we have proposed herein that phosphorylation on the Ser 824 of TRPV4 is one of the control points for the regulation of its functions.

Human skeletal dysplasia caused by a constitutive activated transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) cation channel mutation

강상순,신성화,오정균,JAESUN CHUN 생화학분자생물학회 2012 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.44 No.12

The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4)cation channel, a member of the TRP vanilloid subfamily,is expressed in a broad range of tissues where it participates in the generation of Ca2+ signals and/or depolarization of the membrane potential. Regulation of TRPV4 abundance at the cell surface is critical for osmo- and mechanotransduction. Defects in TRPV4are the cause of several human diseases, including brachyolmia type 3 (MIM:113500) (also known as brachyrachia or spondylometaphyseal dysplasia Kozlowski type [MIM:118452]), and metatropic dysplasia (MIM:156530) (also called metatropic dwarfism or parastremmatic dwarfism [MIM:168400]). These bone dysplasia mutants are characterized by severe dwarfism,kyphoscoliosis, distortion and bowing of the extremities,and contractures of the large joints. These diseases are characterized by a combination of decreased bone density, bowing of the long bones, platyspondyly,and striking irregularities of endochondral ossification with areas of calcific stippling and streaking in radiolucent epiphyses, metaphyses, and apophyses. In this review, we discuss the potential effect of the mutation on the regulation of TRPV4 functions,which are related to human diseases through deviated function. In particular, we emphasize how the constitutive active TRPV4 mutant affects endochondral ossification with a reduced number of hypertrophic chondrocytes and the presence of cartilage islands within the zone of primary mineralization. In addition,we summarize current knowledge about the role of TRPV4 in the pathogenesis of several diseases.

Mutation of a putative S-nitrosylation site of TRPV4 protein facilitates the channel activates

이은정,신성화,현성희,천재순,강상순 한국통합생물학회 2011 Animal cells and systems Vol.15 No.2

The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) cation channel, a member of the TRP vanilloid subfamily, is expressed in a broad range of tissues. Nitric oxide (NO) as a gaseous signal mediator shows a variety of important biological effects. In many instances, NO has been shown to exhibit its activities via a protein S-nitrosylation mechanism in order to regulate its protein functions. With functional assays via site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrate herein that NO induces the S-nitrosylation of TRPV4 Ca^(2+)channel on the Cys^(853) residue, and the S-nitrosylation of Cys^(853) reduced its channel sensitivity to 4-α phorbol 12,13-didecanoate and the interaction between TRPV4 and calmodulin. A patch clamp experiment and Ca^(2+) image analysis show that the S-nitrosylation of Cys^(853) modulates the TRPV4 channel as an inhibitor. Thus, our data suggest a novel regulatory mechanism of TRPV4 via NO-mediated S-nitrosylation on its Cys^(853) residue.

Phosphorylation of human chromosome maintenance 1 mediates association with 14-3-3 proteins

강상순,신성화 한국통합생물학회 2013 Animal cells and systems Vol.17 No.3

Human chromosome maintenance 1 (CRM1) was originally cloned based on homology to a yeast gene. CRM1,which belongs to the family of importin b-related nuclear transport receptors, directly and specifically associates with nuclear export signals (NESs) and mediates nuclear export of proteins containing leucine-rich NESs. We present evidence that CRM1 associates with a 22-kDa 14-3-3 scaffolding protein that is a principal structural and regulatory component of Human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells. We found a potential 14-3-3-binding motif (1049KHKRQMSVPG1058) in the CRM1 C-terminal domain that depended on serine 1055 phosphorylation by Protein Kinase A (PKA).We demonstrated that CRM1 is a PKA substrate using an in vitro assay. Using a pull-down approach and co-immunoprecipitation, we found that CRM1 interacted with the 14-3-3 motif in vivo and in vitro. We also detected colocalization of CRM1 and 14-3-3 proteins using confocal microscopy. Nuclear pore localization of CRM1 was disrupted by treatment with a PKA activator or inhibitor or by a S1055D/S1055A mutation in the CRM1 14-3-3-binding motif. Transient transfection assays showed that the apoptosis rate of cells with the S1055D construct was twice that of cells with wild type (WT) or S1055A construct. Our observations indicated that phosphorylation on the serine 1055 residue of CRM1 by PKA promoted 14-3-3 binding and cytoplasmic localization, resulting in enhancement of cell apoptosis.