북한의 대남도발 위협이 육군 부대개편에 미친 영향 연구

배효경 大田大學校 大學院 2018 大田大學校 大學院 論文集 Vol.20 No.1

본 논문은 향후 북한의 대남 도발 위협에 선제 대응과 전투준비태세에 기여하고자 작성하였 다. 북한의 대남 도발에 대한 실증 자료 분석을 통하여 부대구조 및 편성, 병력 조정, 무기 및 장비 전력화, 장비 및 물자 조정, 부대통합 및 재배치, 시설공사 등의 육군 부대개편에 미친 영 향을 연구하였다. 연구결과 정책적 함의는 첫째, 1960년대부터 현재까지 북한의 대남 도발위협에 단기처방식 의 부대개편이 추진되었다. 두 번째, 자주국방의 전력화 사업추진으로 선 전력화 후 병력 감축 을 위한 부대개편 방향 결정에 지대한 영향을 주었다. 세 번째, 지속하는 북한의 도발 위협을 고려한 육군 위주의 병력감축 계획의 재검토가 필요하며, 네 번째, 작전의 효율성과 부대 운영, 부대개편 예산 절감을 고려한 군사시설 통합 및 재배치를 해야 하고, 부대개편의 연속성과 집 중을 유지하기 위해 부대개편 예산 확보 등 정책적 조치가 되어야 한다. 미래에도 북한은 불특정한 시간과 장소에 다양한 침투수단 및 도발 방법을 동원하여 대한민 국의 국토를 침범하고 국민의 생명과 재산, 우리 군을 위협할 것이다. 따라서 육군의 대응 전력 보강을 위해 부대개편 소요 도출을 재판단하여 정책에 반영함으로써 부대개편의 추동력을 높여 야 할 것이다. This paper is written to contribute to pre - emptive response and combat readiness to North Korea's threat provocation in the future. We analyzed the effect of North Korea's demonstration data on the provocation of South Korea provocations on the organization of army units such as unit structure and organization, troop adjustment, weapon and equipment power, equipment and material adjustment, unit integration and relocation, and facility construction. The implications of this study are as follows: First, since the 1960s to the present, the short -Secondly, the self-reliance project of the National Defense Self-Defense Force has greatly influenced the decision to reorganize the troops to reduce troops after electrification. Third, it is necessary to review the army-based troop reduction plan considering the continuing North Korean provocation threat. Fourth, it is necessary to integrate and relocate the military facilities considering the efficiency of the operation and the operation of the troops and the restructuring of the troops. And to maintain the continuity and concentration of the budget. In the future, North Korea will invade South Korea's land and threaten the lives, property, and the military of the people by using various means of infiltration and provocation at unspecified times and places. Therefore, in order to reinforce the response strategy of the army, it is necessary to increase the driving force of the reorganization by judging the necessity of reorganization and reflecting it in the policy.

Effect of Antioxidant Treatment during Parthenogenetic Activation Procedure on the Reactive Oxygen Species Levels and Development of the Porcine Parthenogenetic Embryos

배효경,양부근,박춘근,김수현,이성영,황인선,정희태 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2013 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.37 No.1

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of antioxidant treatment during parthenogenetic activation procedure on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and in vitro development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos. Porcine in vitro matured oocytes were activated by a combination of electric stimulus and 2 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DAMP) before in vitro culture. During the activation period, oocytes were treated with 50 μM β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME), 100 μM L-ascorbic acid (Vit. C) or 100 μM L-glutathione (GSH). To examine the ROS level, porcine parthenogenetic embryos were stained in 10 μM dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) dye 20 h after culture, examined under a fluorescence microscope, and the fluorescence intensity (pixels) were analyzed in each embryo. The parthenogenetic embryos were cultured for 6 days to evaluate the in vitro development. The apoptosis was measured by TUNEL assay. The H2O2 levels of parthenogenetic embryos were significantly lower in antioxidant treatment groups (26.9±1.6~29.1±1.3 pixels/embryo, p<0.05) compared to control (33.2±1.7 pixels/embryo). The development rate to the blastocyst stage was increased in antioxidant treatment groups (32.0~32.5%) compared to control (26.9%, p<0.05), although, there was no difference in apoptosis among groups. The result suggests that antioxidant treatment during parthenogenetic activation procedure can inhibit the ROS generation and enhance the in vitro development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos.

Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Antioxidant Treatments during Bovine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

배효경,김지예,황인선,박춘근,양부근,정희태 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2012 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.36 No.2

This study was conducted to examine the optimal concentration and treatment time of antioxidants for inhibition of the ROS generation in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Bovine oocytes were activated parthenogenetically,during which oocytes were treated with various antioxidants to determine the optimal concentrations and kind of antioxidants. Determined antioxidants were applied to oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM) and/or SCNT procedures. Finally, antioxidant-treated SCNT embryos were compared with in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos. H2O2 levels were analyzed in embryos at 20 h of activation, fusion or insemination by staining of embryos in 10 μM 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) dye, followed by fluorescence microscopy. H2O2 levels of parthenogenetic embryos were significantly lower in 25 μM β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME), 50 μM L-ascorbic acid (Vit. C), and 50 μM L-glutathione (GSH) treatment groups than each control group (24.0±1.5 vs 39.0±1.1, 29.7±1.0 vs 37.0±1.2, and 32.9±0.8 vs 36.3±0.8 pixels/embryo, p<0.05). There were no differences among above concentration of antioxidants in direct comparison (33.6±0.9~35.2±1.1 pixels/embryo). Thus, an antioxidant of 50 μM Vit. C was selected for SCNT. H2O2 levels of bovine SCNT embryos were significantly lower in embryos treated with Vit. C during only SCNT procedure (26.4±1.1 pixels/embryo, p<0.05) than the treatment group during IVM (29.9±1.1pixels/embryo) and non-treated control (34.3±1.0 pixels/embryo). Moreover, H2O2 level of SCNT embryos treated with Vit. C during SCNT procedure was similar to that of IVF embryos. These results suggest that the antioxidant treatment during SCNT procedures can reduce the ROS generation level of SCNT bovine embryos.

Chondrogenic Differentiation of Porcine Skin-Derived Stem Cells with Different Characteristics of Spontaneous Adipocyte Formation

배효경,정희태,정배동,이승형,박춘근,양부근 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2017 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.32 No.3

The purpose of this study is to confirm whether spontaneous adipocyte generation during chondrogenic induction culture affects the chondrogenic differentiation of porcine skin-derived stem cells (pSSCs). For this purpose, chondrogenic differentiation characteristics and specific marker gene expression were analyzed using cell lines showing different characteristics of spontaneous adipocyte formation. Of the four different lines of pSSCs, the pSSCs-IV line showed higher Oil red O (ORO) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) extraction levels. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the levels of adipogenic markers peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2) and adipocyte Protein 2 (aP2) mRNAs were significantly higher in pSSCs-IV than those of the other pSSC lines (P<0.05). Among three chondrogenic markers, collagen type II (Col II) and sex determining region Y-box (Sox9) mRNAs were strongly expressed in pSSCs-IV (P<0.05), but not in aggrecan (Agg), which was significantly higher in pSSCs-II (P<0.05). These results demonstrate that the spontaneous adipocyte generation during chondrogenic differentiation has a positive effect on the chondrogenesis of pSSCs. More research is needed on the correlation between adipocyte generation and cartilage formation.

Analysis of ROS and Apoptosis of Porcine Skin-derived Stem-like Cellsafter Differentiation Induction into Mesodermal Cell Types

배효경,이화연,박여름,박춘근,양부근,정희태 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2016 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.31 No.1

The present study was conduct to examine the H2O2 expression level and apoptosis-related gene expression levels inporcineskin-derived stem cell-like cells (pSSCs) after adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation induction. The pSSCs were obtained by digestion of porcine ear skin biopsy and cultured in each induction medium for 21 to 26 days to induce adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation, respectively. The H2O2 levels of pSSCs after induction culture were evaluated by staining with 2’7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA). The apoptotic gene expression of pSSCs after induction culture was also estimated by RT-PCR. The pSSCs have a potential to differentiate into three mesodermal cell types (adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts). Non-induced control and chondrogenic-induced cells were showed higher H2DCFDA intensity (P<0.05) than adipogenic- and osteogenic-induced cells. The relative expression of Bax/Bcl-2 level was significantly low (P<0.05) in adipogenic- and osteogenic-induced cells compared to non-induced control. However, there was no difference in the relative expression of Bax/Bcl-2 level among differentiation induction groups. The result of the present study shows that the apoptosis of pSSCs is not detrimentally increased by differentiation induction culture, although chondrogenic-induced pSSCs showed high ROS generation level and apoptotic index similarly to those of non-induced cells.

다양한 첨단 시스템에 의한 도청 방지대책

배효경,임강수 한국과학수사학회 2018 과학수사학회지 Vol.12 No.1

첨단 스마트기기의 개발과 보급에 따라 개인, 기관 및 산업체에서 비밀이나 사생활에 대한 보호 활동이 증가되고 있으며 이를 탐지하려는 불법적인 도청 행위가 점차 첨단 과학화, 소형화되어가고있다. 특히, 녹음, 영상촬영, 감시 등의 활동이 증가하면서 불법 도청이 사회적 불안과 공포적인 환경이 조성됨에 따라 사생활 보장에 침해와 제한을 받고, 기업정보 유출로 인한 기업의 도산을 초래하여국가 경제에 큰 타격을 주고 있다. 또한, 현실적으로 정치, 경제 및 사회 등 제반 분야에 침습되어 있는 불법적인 도청 행위가 과감성마저 나타나고 있다. 이에 대한 대응책으로 다양한 도청 탐지 장비의개발 및 보급과 불법 행위자에 처벌을 위한 강화된 법규 정비 등의 예방대책과 정책적인 검토사항을제시 하였다.

Effect of L-Glutathione Treatment during Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Procedures on the Subsequent Embryonic Development and DNA Methylation Status of Cloned Bovine Embryos

배효경,황인선,박춘근,양부근,정희태 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2014 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.29 No.4

We investigate the effect of L-glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant, treatment during the somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) procedures on the in vitro development and DNA methylation status of bovine SCNT embryos. Bovine invitro matured (IVM) oocytes were enucleated and electrofused with a donor cell, then activated by a combination ofCa-ionophore and 6-dimethylaminopurine. The recipient oocytes or reconstituted oocytes were treated with 50 μM GSHduring these SCNT procedures from enucleation to activation treatment. The SCNT embryos were cultured for 7 daysto evaluate the in vitro development, apoptosis and DNA methylation in blastocysts. The apoptosis was measured byTUNEL assay and caspase-3 activity assay. Methylated DNA of SCNT embryos at the blastocyst stages was detectedusing a 5-methylcytidine (5-MeC) antibody. The developmental rate to the blastocyst stage was significantly higher(P<0.05) in GSH treatment group (32.5±1.2%, 78/235) than that of non-treated control SCNT embryos (22.3±1.8%,50/224). TUNEL assay revealed that the numbers of apoptotic cells in GSH treatment group (2.3±0.4%) were significantlylower (P<0.05) than that of control (3.8±0.6%). Relative caspase-3 activity of GSH treated group was 0.8±0.06fold compared to that of control. DNA methylation status of blastocysts in GSH treatment group (13.1±0.5, pixels/embryo) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of control (17.4±0.9, pixels/embryo). These results suggest thatantioxidant GSH treatment during SCNT procedures can improve the embryonic development and reduce the apoptosisand DNA methylation level of bovine SCNT embryos, which may enhance the nuclear reprogramming of bovineSCNT embryos

복합 상업시설의 리모델링 전·후 공간구조 비교분석 연구

배효경(Bae, Hyo-kyung) 한국실내디자인학회 2018 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.27 No.4

The number of visitors to the COEX Mall decreased after remodeling in 2013 contrary to the prediction that the number would increase. After remodeling, visitors had inconvenience with using the mall and difficulties figuring out their locations or surroundings. They suffered problems with spatial cognition and wayfinding. This study set out to compare the spatial structure of the mall before and after remodeling and identify factors to influence visitors’ spatial cognition. For methodology, the investigator employed axial map analysis and visual graph analysis(VGA) based on the space syntax theory and used integration and intelligibility as analysis indexes. The axial map analysis results show that the integration of the mall was higher before remodeling than after it. The level of integration was especially high at the main plaza, major anchor facilities and passages between them, which indicates that access to these spaces was high. These findings suggest that the utilization and access of the main plaza was high and that the availability of passages to the nearby plazas was high. The mall’s intelligibility was lower after remodeling, which means that the overall spatial cognition of the mall dropped after remodeling. The VGA analysis results reveal that the integration of the mall was higher after remodeling. It was relatively high at the plazas, which indicates that access to the plaza spaces was high. After remodeling, the paths to the entrances, plazas, and major anchor facilities increased, which broadened the scope of path choice for visitors. Increased paths to space meant lower access to it. That is, a simpler path would increase access to space and thus visitors’ spatial cognition. The study compared and analyzed the spatial structure of the mall before and after remodeling and found that decreased paths of action to the major anchor facilities led to fewer paths accessible by visitors and thus their increased access and spatial cognition.

헤어스타일 기법에 따른 질감 표현 연구 - 헤어커트를 중심으로 -

배효정,노효경 코리아뷰티디자인학회 2008 코리아뷰티디자인학회지 Vol.4 No.1

대구·경북지역 직장인의 다류 및 커피․음료 섭취 실태 조사

김예슬,김효경,박주연,김예린,홍수빈,이정희,배현주 한국식품영양학회 2014 한국식품영양학회 학술대회논문집(학술심포지움) Vol.2014 No.06