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방석환,Sokhib Tukhtaev,고광진,한덕현,백민기,전황균,조백환,이규성 대한비뇨의학회 2022 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.63 No.3
Purpose: To diagnose lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in a noninvasive manner, we created a prediction model for bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and detrusor underactivity (DUA) using simple uroflowmetry. In this study, we used deep learning to analyze simple uroflowmetry. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 4,835 male patients aged ≥40 years who underwent a urodynamic study at a single center. We excluded patients with a disease or a history of surgery that could affect LUTS. A total of 1,792 patients were included in the study. We extracted a simple uroflowmetry graph automatically using the ABBYY Flexicapture® image capture program (ABBYY, Moscow, Russia). We applied a convolutional neural network (CNN), a deep learning method to predict DUA and BOO. A 5-fold cross-validation average value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was chosen as an evaluation metric. When it comes to binary classification, this metric provides a richer measure of classification performance. Additionally, we provided the corresponding average precision-recall (PR) curves. Results: Among the 1,792 patients, 482 (26.90%) had BOO, and 893 (49.83%) had DUA. The average AUROC scores of DUA and BOO, which were measured using 5-fold cross-validation, were 73.30% (mean average precision [mAP]=0.70) and 72.23% (mAP=0.45), respectively. Conclusions: Our study suggests that it is possible to differentiate DUA from non-DUA and BOO from non-BOO using a simple uroflowmetry graph with a fine-tuned VGG16, which is a well-known CNN model.
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초음파 또는 자기공명영상 유도하에 따른 전립선 재검의 암진단율 비교: 성향 점수 매칭, 단일 병원 경험
방석환,최영효,강민용,전황균,정병창,서성일,전성수,김찬교,박병관,이현무 대한비뇨기종양학회 2019 대한비뇨기종양학회지 Vol.17 No.1
Purpose: To compare biopsy performance of 2 approaches for multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided biopsy and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided biopsy with 2nd and 3rd repeat biopsy patients in prostate cancer detection. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 2,868 patients who was performed prostate biopsy between September 2013 to March 2017 at Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea with TRUS-guided random biopsy and MRI fusion, MRI cognitive, and MRI-guided biopsy as 2nd and 3rd repeat biopsy and propensity matching was applied to reduce bias. Detection rate of each study was compared with 1:1 matching. Results: Among 265 patients who performed TRUS 2nd biopsy, positivity rate for prostate cancer (PCa) was 18.49% (n=49/265) while 54.72% (n=145/265) for MRI-guided biopsy. In 3rd biopsy, positivity rate for PCa of TRUS biopsy was 17.74% (n=11/62) while 56.45% (n=35/62) for MRI guided biopsy. There was no significant difference in the detection rate for the patient with Gleason score 8 or more. Conclusions: MRI-guided biopsy was associated with a higher detection rate of prostate cancer with especially in patients with prior negative biopsy. (Korean J Urol Oncol 2019;17:60-65)
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스티븐 홀 건축에 나타난 내부 공간 구현 방식에 관한 연구
방석환(Bang Seok-Hwan),최두남(Choi Du-Nam) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.29 No.1(계획계)
The purpose of this study was to analyze the methods applied to embody interior space in Steven Holl's architecture, especially focusing on cultural and institutional buildings. Steven Holl has realized distinct space by applying very specific and limited concept. He believes that leads to fundamentality in space which is not easily affected by certain style. It is necessary to analyze the physical elements such as walls, ceiling, structure and etc. in order to understand space which is formless sometimes spiritual as well. At the same time it is also considered to study his interest on phenomenal experience in space which he repeatedly stressed on his remarks. In other words, space in Steven Holl's works means a playground that various phenomena are taking place and being recognized. Therefore, analyzing architectural methods in his works is essential study to understand not only its unique space but the dominant philosophy in his architecture.
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고광진,변혜진,방석환,이규성 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2022 International Neurourology Journal Vol.26 No.3
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the rate and pattern of recurrence for patients with Hunner lesion (HL) type interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) after transurethral ablation. Methods: This prospective study included 210 patients with HL type IC/BPS. The primary outcomes were the recurrence rate according to 3 patterns of recurrence: pattern A (according to the relationship with the previous surgical site), pattern B (according to the bladder zone), and pattern C (according to the number of lesions). The secondary outcomes were recurrencefree time after treatment according to pattern A and pattern C. Results: The pattern A recurrence rate was 50.8% in the same site (A1), 6.7% at a new site (A2), and 42.5% at mixed sites (A3). The pattern B recurrence rate was 10.5% for the anterior wall, 59.0% for the posterior wall, 69.5% for the lateral wall, and 69.0% for the dome area. Multiple lesions recurred as multiple lesions in 75.8% of cases. The pattern C recurrence rate was 10.8% for C1 (single → single), 6.7% for C2 (single → multiple), 6.7% for C3 (multiple → single), and 75.8% for C4 (multiple → multiple). The recurrence-free time in pattern A was 13 months for A1, 12.5 months for A2, and 8 months for A3, with a significant difference between A1 and A3 (P=0.008). There was no significant difference in recurrence-free time in pattern C, either with single or multiple HLs. Conclusions: The distinct recurrence characteristics of HLs was not predictable despite repeated ablations. Complete remission should not be expected because the whole bladder was to have the potential to develop the HLs even after repeated transurethral ablation.
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Characteristics of Zinc-Oxide-Sulfide-Mixed Films Deposited by Using Atomic Layer Deposition
전형탁,Sunyeol Jeon,방석환,이승준,권세명,정우호,장호정,박형호 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.6
Mixed thin films of ZnO and ZnS were deposited by using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to achieve film properties for active channel materials of transparent electronic devices and the characteristics of ZnO, ZnS and their mixed films with various composition ratios were examined. The chemical bond states of mixed films consisting of ZnO and ZnS phases were analyzed and no sulfate or sulfite phases were observed. The structures of the ZnO and the ZnS films exhibited wurtzite hexagonal crystalline structures. However, the mixed films did not show any specic preferred orientation; the amorphous character of the mixed films was due to the large lattice mismatch between the ZnO and the ZnS films. The ZnO thin film showed a low resistivity with a higher carrier concentration (up to ∽1019 cm-3) than the ZnS thin film which showed ∽1012 cm-3 carrier concentration. The mixed films exhibited carrier concentrations of 1015 - 1018 cm-3 and a resistivity range of 102 - 103 Ωcm, depending on the composition. Furthermore, no significant changes in the electrical properties of the mixed films were observed with respect to the post-heat treatments.
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