인터넷을 통한 선거운동과 공직선거법

박주민 인하대학교 법학연구소 2012 法學硏究 Vol.15 No.1

Given the decision made by the Constitutional Court of Korea on December 29, 2011 with respect to Article 93(1) of the Public Official Election Act, the author discusses how the Public Official Election Act should deal with the expression of political opinion through the Internet in order to ensure a freer election campaign by the voters. The author makes 3 arguments in this article. First, the freedom of election should not be overly limited at least for the fairness of the election. Especially, the election campaign by the voters is different from the election campaign by the candidates in that it is not only the exercise of sovereignty by the voters, but also is the essential element for the maintenance and development of democracy. Furthermore, it is distinct from the elections manipulated by money or government authority and therefore, should be allowed to be conducted more freely. Second, the expression of political opinion or the election campaign through the Internet is different from the elections manipulated by money or government authority due to the nature of the Internet (low cost, decentralization, self-rectifying ability of information, and etc.), and is rather able to contribute to ensuring people’s participation in the election and realizing the fairness of the election, which are the legislation purpose the Public Official Election Act aims to achieve. Therefore, the expression of political opinion or the election campaign through the Internet, especially those by the voters, should be allowed to be more freely conducted. Third, for the above reasons, the expression of political opinion or the election campaign through the Internet should be excluded from the notion of election campaign under the Public Official Election Act. 필자는 헌법재판소가 공직선거법 제93조 제1항을 대상으로 2011년 12월 29일 결정한 판단을 계기로 유권자의 선거운동을 보다 자유롭게 보장하기 위하여 공직선거법에서 인터넷을 이용한 정치적 의사표현을 어떻게 다루어야 할지를 살펴보고자 했다. 이 글의 주장은 크게 3가지로 정리할 수 있다. 첫째, 선거의 공정을 위해서라도 선거의 자유를 지나치게 제한할 수 없다. 특히, 유권자의 선거운동은 후보자의 선거운동과 달리 주권의 행사이자 민주주의를 유지·발전시키는 데 필수적인 요소이며, 금권·관권선거 등과는 거리가 멀기에 보다 더 자유롭게 이루어질 수 있어야 한다. 둘째, 인터넷을 이용한 정치적 의사표현 혹은 선거운동은 인터넷 매체가 가지고 있는 특성(저비용, 탈중앙, 정보의 자기교정가능성 등)으로 인해 금권·관권선거 등과는 거리가 멀 뿐만 아니라 오히려 공직선거법이 달성하고자 하는 입법목적인 국민의 선거참여보장과 선거의 공정성 획득에 이바지할 수 있다. 따라서 인터넷을 이용한 정치적 의사표현 혹은 선거운동, 특히 그 중에서도 유권자의 그것은 보다 자유롭게 행해질 수 있어야 한다. 셋째, 위와 같은 이유에서 공직선거법의 선거운동개념에서 인터넷을 이용한 정치적 의사표현 혹은 선거운동은 배제되어야 한다.

Morphine-induced Modulation of Nociceptive Spinal Dorsal Horn Neuronal Activities after Formalin-induced Inflammatory Pain

박주민,이강오,정승준,김전,김상정 대한약리학회 2005 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.9 No.2

In this study, we examined the morphine-induced modulation of the nociceptive spinal dorsal horn neuronal activities before and after formalin-induced inflammatory pain. Intradermal injection of formalin induced time-dependent changes in the spontaneous activity of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons. In naïve cats before the injection of formalin, iontophoretically applied morphine attenuated the naturally and electrically evoked neuronal responses of dorsal horn neurons. However, neuronal responses after the formalin-induced inflammation were significantly increased by morphine. Bicuculline, GABAA antagonist, increased the naturally and electrically evoked neuronal responses of dorsal horn neurons. This increase in neuronal responses due to bicuculline after the formalin-induced inflammation was larger than that in the naïve state, suggesting that basal GABAA tone increased after the formalin injection. Muscimol, GABAA agonist, reduced the neuronal responses before the treatment with formalin, but not after formalin treatment, again indicating an increase in the GABAergic basal tone after the formalin injection which saturated the neuronal responses to GABA agonist. Morphine-induced increase in the spinal nociceptive responses after formalin treatment was inhibited by co-application of muscimol. These data suggest that formalin-induced inflammation increases GABAA basal tone and the inhibition of this augmented GABAA basal tone by morphine results in a paradoxical morphine- induced increase in the spinal nociceptive neuronal responses after the formalin-induced inflammation.

Physical Properties of Water-Soluble High Molecular Weight Syndiotactic Poly(vinyl alcohol)Film

박주민,염정현,지병철,류원석 한국고분자학회 2002 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2002 No.10

Universal Background Model 클러스터링 방법을 이용한 고속 화자식별

박주민,서영주,김회린,Park, Jumin,Suh, Youngjoo,Kim, Hoirin 한국음향학회 2014 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.33 No.3

본 논문은 Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) 기반의 화자식별에서 급격한 계산 복잡도 감소를 위한 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 일반적으로 GMM 기반의 화자식별 시스템은 테스트 발성의 길이, 등록 화자의 수, GMM의 크기 등 크게 세 가지 요인에 비례하는 많은 계산 복잡도를 가진다. 이러한 점은 화자식별 시스템이 다양한 응용분야에 적용되는 것을 막는 큰 요인이기에 계산 복잡도와 식별 성능 사이의 trade-off 관계는 실제 적용을 위해 가장 중요한 고려요소이다. 식별 성능을 거의 그대로 유지하면서 최대한 계산 복잡도를 감소시키기 위해 우리는 Universal Background Model (UBM) 클러스터링 접근 방법을 제시하고, 또한 이 방법은 실시간 구조의 화자식별에 적용할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 제안한 방법의 실험을 통해 미미한 정도의 식별 성능 저하에서 speed-up factor 6의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. In this paper, we propose a new method to drastically reduce computational complexity in Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM)-based Speaker Identification (SI). Generally, GMM-based SI systems have very high computational complexity proportional to the length of the test utterance, the number of enrolled speakers, and the GMM size. These make the SI systems difficult to be used in various real applications in spite of their broad applicability. Thus, a trade-off between computational complexity and identification accuracy is considered as a primary issue for practical applications. In order to reduce computational complexity sharply with a little loss of accuracy, we introduce a method based on the Universal Background Model (UBM) clustering approach and then we show that it can be used successfully in real-time applications. In experiments with the proposed algorithm, we obtained a speed-up factor of 6 with a negligible loss of accuracy.

응급실에 내원한 어지럼증 환자 평가에 있어 뇌 전산화단층촬영 혈관조영술의 유용성

박주민,이성은,이성준,최상천 대한응급의학회 2022 대한응급의학회지 Vol.33 No.4

Objective: Dizziness is a common symptom in the emergency department. Identifying central causes, such as acute ischemic stroke (AIS), is essential in patients with dizziness. This study examined the usefulness of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) for the safe disposition of patients with dizziness when brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is difficult to perform. Methods: This study was a retrospective observational study. Patients who underwent CTA and MRI to determine the cause of dizziness were included in this study between January 2019 and December 2019. Clinical and radiological characteristics, including the CTA findings, were compared in groups with and without AIS in MRI. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was assessed. Results: Three hundred and fifty patients were included in the study. Of these patients, 63 patients had AIS in MRI. The group with AIS was more frequently male (65.1% vs. 44.3%, P=0.003), had dysarthria (9.5% vs. 2.4%, P=0.016), and relevant vertebral or basilar artery stenosis or occlusion on CTA (66.7% vs. 3.5%, P<0.001). In logistic regression, relevant vertebral or basilar artery stenosis or occlusion was significantly associated with AIS in MRI (odds ratio, 47.941; 95% confidence interval, 20.857-110.195; P<0.001). In the receiver operating characteristic curve, the relevant vertebral or basilar artery stenosis or occlusion on CTA was a feasible predictive value for diagnosing AIS (AUROC, 0.816). Conclusion: This study showed that the CTA findings were feasible for predicting the safety disposition of patients with dizziness when MRI is difficult to perform.

청소년의 정치적 기본권 보장

박주민 전남대학교 법률행정연구소 공익인권법센터 2014 인권법평론 Vol.- No.13

표현의 자유에 관한 국가인권위원회의 역할 및 그 변화

박주민 전남대학교 법률행정연구소 공익인권법센터 2012 인권법평론 Vol.- No.8

Long-term Synaptic Plasticity: Circuit Perturbation and Stabilization

박주민,정성철,은수용 대한약리학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.6

At central synapses, activity-dependent synaptic plasticity has a crucial role in information processing,storage, learning, and memory under both physiological and pathological conditions. Onewidely accepted model of learning mechanism and information processing in the brain is HebbianPlasticity: long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). LTP and LTD are respectivelyactivity-dependent enhancement and reduction in the efficacy of the synapses, which are rapid andsynapse-specific processes. A number of recent studies have a strong focal point on the criticalimportance of another distinct form of synaptic plasticity, non-Hebbian plasticity. Non-Hebbianplasticity dynamically adjusts synaptic strength to maintain stability. This process may be very slowand occur cell-widely. By putting them all together, this mini review defines an important conceptualdifference between Hebbian and non-Hebbian plasticity.

Physical Properties of Low Molecular Weight Syndiotactic Poly(vinyl alcohol) Film

박주민,류원석 한국고분자학회 2002 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2002 No.4

공교육 정상화를 위한 교육활동 보호제도의 개선 방향

박주민 충북대학교 법학연구소 2023 法學硏究 Vol.34 No.2

According to the recent media reports on the infringement of educational activities, there are serious concerns about whether our children are living in a safe and healthy environment. This is the worst situation in which not only teachers' classes but also life guidance in the class itself becoming almost impossible in serious cases. Why are we aware of the seriousness of infringement of teaching rights and discuss its improvements? This is because when an incident occurs, a situation in which normal educational activities are not carried out unfolds. This leads to a vicious cycle in which the majority of students' right to learn and human rights are hindered. In the future, social concerns about the seriousness of infringement of teaching authority and consensus on the importance of restoring teaching authority should be prioritized. However, separating the student group and the teaching group into opposing relationships and polarizing them in an ideological biased way or political logic cannot be a fundamental solution to this problem. The constitutional meaning of "right to study" is fading in the school field we are currently experiencing. In order to protect teaching rights, the government has been pursuing institutional and policy measures, but confusion in the educational field has not been resolved. It is clear that schools are spaces that require the publicity of education. Professionalism of teachers, and mutual respect and cooperation between educational subjects. Students, parents, and teachers should develop a cooperative relationship based on mutual esteem and human rights. The protection of teaching rights should be promoted realistically through the change of consciousness and policy supplementation of the educational subject. It should be known that all our students' right to learn is guaranteed and a pleasant school life can continue only when the educational environment is stabilized.