Qualitative Evaluation of 2D Dosimetry System for Helical Tomotherapy

마선영,정태식,심장보,임상욱,Ma, Sun Young,Jeung, Tae Sig,Shim, Jang Bo,Lim, Sangwook Korean Society of Medical Physics 2014 의학물리 Vol.25 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 새로 개발된 2차원 토모테라피 선량측정 시스템의 가능성을 알아보는 것이다. 방사선이 조사되면 가시광성을 내보내는 인광판을 원통형 물팬텀에 삽입하였다. 치료계획장치에서 원 모양, C자 모양, 다중표적 3종류의 가상의 표적을 만들고 각 표적에 10 Gy의 방사선을 전달하도록 하였다. 원통형 팬텀을 토모테라피 치료테이블위에 올려놓고 치료계획대로 방사선을 조사하였다. CCD카메라로 쵤영된 모든 프레임은 누적되었고 각 픽셀은 선량으로 변환되었다. 인광판으로부터 나온 영상은 치료계획장치에서 계산된 선량분포와 비교하였다. 선량기울기(dose rate)와 픽셀값의 관계그래프는 선량기울기 900 MU/min 까지 포화(saturated)되지 않았다. 인광판의 선형성 보정이 개선된다면 인광판과 CCD카메라를 이용한 토모테라피의 2차원 선량측정이 유용할 것으로 기대한다. The purpose of this study is to see the feasibility of the newly developed 2D dosimetry system using phosphor screen for helical tomotherapy. The cylindrical water phantom was fabricated with phosphor screen to emit the visible light during irradiation. There are three types of virtual target, one is one spot target, another is C-shaped target, and the other is multiple targets. Each target was planned to be treated at 10 Gy by treatment planning system (TPS) of tomotherapy. The cylindrical phantom was placed on the tomotherapy table and irradiated as calculations of the TPS. Every frame which acquired by CCD camera was integrated and the doses were calculated in pixel by pixel. The dose distributions from the fluorescent images were compared with the calculated dose distribution from the TPS. The discrepancies were evaluated as gamma index for each treatment. The curve for dose rate versus pixel value was not saturated until 900 MU/min. The 2D dosimetry using the phosphor screen and the CCD camera is respected to be useful to verify the dose distribution of the tomotherapy if the linearity correction of the phosphor screen improved.

온-보드 영상장치를 이용한 총체적 셋업의 정확성 분석

마선영,임상욱,강수만,정태식,Ma, Sun-Young,Lim, Sang-Wook,Kang, Soo-Man,Jeung, Tae-Sig Korean Society of Medical Physics 2011 의학물리 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구에서는 방사선사를 포함한 레이저, 갠트리 및 온-보드 영상장치의 총체적 셋업의 정확성을 평가하고자 하였다. 경험이 많은 방사선사에게 매일 아침 마커블록을 카우치의 Lock bar 시스템에 고정하고 마커블록을 레이저 중심에 맞추도록 하였다. 71일간 마커블록을 2D/2D 정합으로 위치를 보정하기 위하여 $0^{\circ}$ and $270^{\circ}$ 각도에서 한 쌍의 kV 영상을 획득하였다. 정합이 되었을 때 원격으로 카우치를 조정하여 셋업에러를 보정하고 보정 값은 저장하였다. 상하방향(vertical)과 앞뒤방향(longitudinal) 평균오차를 분석한 결과 상하방향은 0.65, 앞뒤방향은 0.66으로 나타났으며 반면에 좌우방향(lateral)은 0.01으로 나타났다. 상하방향과 앞뒤방향의 p 값은 모두 0.00으로 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났으며, 좌우방향에서는 p 값이 0.829로 나타나 계통오차를 발견하기 어려웠다. 총체적 셋업평가방법은 일간으로 시행하기에 유용하고 편리하였다. 그러나 계통오차를 줄이기 위해서 여전히 레이저와 OBI의 일간 점검은 필요하다. We evaluated the overall setup accuracy for the On-Board Imager (OBI, Varian Medical Systems Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA), with attention to the laser, the gantry, and operator performance. We let experienced technicians place the marker block on the couch using a lock bar system, with alignment to the isocenter of the laser, every morning. A pair of radiographic images of the marker block was acquired at $0^{\circ}$ and $270^{\circ}$ angles to the kV arm to correct the position using a 2D/2D matching technique. Once the desired match was achieved, the couch was moved remotely to correct the setup error and the parameters were saved. The average for the vertical and the longitudinal displacements were 0.65 mm and 0.66 mm, and 0.01 mm for the lateral displacement. The average for the vertical and longitudinal displacements were statistically significant at the 0.05 level (p value=0.000 for both), while the p value for the lateral direction was 0.829. These results show that the tendencies to displacement in vertical and longitudinal directions occur through systematic error, while systematic error was not found in the lateral displacement. This daily overall evaluation is practical and easy to find the systematic and random errors in the setup system; however, a daily QA for laser and OBI alignment is still needed to minimize the systematic error in aligning patients.

초등학생들의 가족식사 섭취횟수와 체질량지수-표준편차점수의관련성

마선영,박혜진,공은희 대한비만학회 2015 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.24 No.1

배경: 학생들의 학교생활 및 학원 활동 증가에 따른 가족식사 결식이 소아청소년시기의 영양 불균형과 비만을 유발하는 데 중요한 요소가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 초등학생들을 대상으로 가족식사 섭취횟수와 체질량지수-표준편차점수의 관련성을 파악함으로써 온 가족이함께하는 가족식사의 중요성과 소아청소년 비만의 발생률을 감소시킬 수 있는 기초자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 2013년 4월부터 5월까지 경기지역 일개 초등학생247명을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였다. 부모로부터 참가 동의서를 받았으며, 설문에 대한 응답은 부모와 학생이 함께 작성하도록 하였다. 설문 항목은 인구 사회학적 특성, 가족식사 섭취횟수와 환경, 자녀의식습관으로 구성하였다. 결과: 연구대상자들의 평균 아침 가족식사 섭취횟수는 3.65±2.18회/주, 저녁 가족식사 섭취횟수는 6.10±1.54 회/주, 가족외식 섭취횟수는 1.64±1.43 회/주 였다. 아침식사 결식률은 14.2%, 아침 가족식사 섭취율은 51.0%였다. 아침식사 섭취횟수(P= 0.015)와 아침 가족식사 섭취횟수(P <0.001)가 적을수록, 저녁 가족식사 섭취횟수(P= 0.001)와 가족외식 섭취횟수(P< 0.001)가 많을수록 체질량지수-표준편차점수가 높았다. 결론: 아침식사 섭취횟수, 아침 가족식사 섭취횟수, 저녁 가족식사섭취횟수 및 가족외식 섭취횟수는 체질량지수-표준편차점수와 관련이 있다.

감마지표 분석을 통한 호흡연동방사선치료의 정량적 평가

마선영,최지훈,정태식,임상욱,Ma, Sun Young,Choi, Ji Hoon,Jeung, Tae Sig,Lim, Sangwook 한국의학물리학회 2013 의학물리 Vol.24 No.3

일반적으로 호흡연동방사선치료(gated radiation therapy)의 평가를 위해 호흡에 의한 장기의 움직임을 모사하는 움직이는 팬텀(moving phantom)을 사용한다. 표적(target)은 모든 방향으로 움직이기 때문에 모든 방향의 움직임을 고려하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 감마지표(gamma index) 분석을 통한 호흡연동방사선치료의 평가방법을 제시하고 움직임영역(motion range)에 따른 적절한 연동창(gating window)의 크기를 알아보고자 한다. 두미축(craniocaudal) 방향으로 움직임을 모사하는 팬텀을 제작하였다. 이 팬텀은 움직이는 받침대(moving platform), 2차원 이온전리함배열(I'm MatriXX, IBA Dosimetry, Germany), 및 고체물팬텀(solid water phantom)으로 이루어졌다. 6 MV 에너지의 광자선을 $4{\times}4cm^2$의 조사면(field size)으로 호흡연동방사선치료 시스템을 이용하여 팬텀을 각각 1, 2, 3, 4, 및 5 cm 만큼 움직이도록 하고 방사선을 조사하였다. 연동창은 각각 40~60%, 30~70%, 및 0~90%으로 설정하였다. 2차원 이온전리함배열은 각 시나리오에 따라 선량분포를 획득하였고 $4{\times}4cm^2$ 조사면으로 정지한 상태에서 조사한 선량분포와 비교하였다. 허용범위를 3%/3 mm로 설정하고 감마지표를 계산하였다. 연동창(gating window)의 크기가 클수록 합격률(pass rate)는 낮아졌고, 운동영역(motion range)이 커질수록 합격률은 낮아졌다. 호흡연동방사선치료를 시행하지 않고 운동영역이 2 cm의 병소를 치료할 경우 합격률은 96% 이하로 현저히 떨어졌다. 그러나 호흡연동방사선치료를 시행하면 합격률은 99% 이상으로 올릴 수 있었다. 운동영역이 4 cm 이상일 경우 호흡연동방사선치료를 하더라도 연동창을 30~70%로 선택할 경우 합격률이 97%를 넘지 못하였다. 그러나 연동창을 40~60%를 선택할 경우 합격률은 99% 이상이었다. Generally, to evaluate gated radiation therapy, moving phantoms are used to simulate organ motion. Since the target moves in every direction, we need to take into account motion in each direction. This study proposes methods to evaluate gated radiation therapy using gamma index analysis and to visualize adequate gating window sizes according to motion ranges. The moving phantom was fabricated to simulate motion in the craniocaudal direction. This phantom consisted of a moving platform, the I'm MatriXX, and solid water phantoms. A 6 MV photon filed with a field size of $4{\times}4cm^2$ was delivered to the phantom using the gating system, while the phantom moved in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-cm motion ranges. The gating windows were set at 40~60%, 30~40%, and 0~90%, respectively. The I'm MatriXX acquired the dose distributions for each scenario and the dose distributions were compared with a $4{\times}4cm^2$ static filed. The tolerance of the gamma index was set at 3%/3 mm. The greater the gating window, the lower the pass rate, and the greater the motion range, the lower the pass rate in this study. In case treatment without gated radiation therapy for the target with motion of 2 cm, the pass rate was less than 96%. But it was greater than 99% when gated radiation therapy was used. However gated radiation therapy was used for the target with motion greater than 4 cm, the pass rate could not be greater than 97% when gating window was set as 30~70%. But when the gating window set as 40~60%, the pass rate was greater than 99%.

병기 Ⅰ, Ⅱ 자궁 경부암에서 방사선치료 후 생존율 및 합병증 분석

마선영(Sun Young Ma),조흥래(Heung Lae cho),손승창(Seung Chang Sohn) 대한방사선종양학회 1995 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.13 No.4

목적 : 수술을 시행 받지 않은 ⅠB, ⅡA, ⅡB 자궁경부암 환자에서 외부 방사선 조사 및 강내조사 방법에 따른 생존율과 방광 및 직장 합병증 발생률을 분석하여 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1984년 11월 부터 1993년 12월 까지 인제대학교 부산백병원 치료방사선과에서 근치적 방사선치료 또는 화학요법을 병행한 자궁경부암 병기 ⅠB, ⅡA, ⅡB 환자 127명 중 추적 가능하였던 환자 107명을 대상으로 생존율을 후향적 분석하였고, 합병증은 91명에서 추적 가능하였다. 방사선 단독으로 치료 받은 환자가 86명, 보조적 화학요법을 받은 환자는 21명이었다. 대상 환자들의 추적 조사 기간은 3개월에서 118개월이었고 9중앙값, 47개월), 환자의 연령은 31세에서 76세까지 (중앙값, 56세) 분포를 보였다. FIGO 병기 ⅠB기가 26명, ⅡA기가 40명, ⅡB기가 41명 이었다. 강내 방사선 조사는 저선량률 강내조사를 받은 군(80명)과 고선량률 강내조사를 받은 군 (21명)으로 나누어 분석하였다. 저선량률 강내조사는 1회 시행받은 환자군(63명)과 2회로 나누어 시행받은 환자군(17명)을 비교하여 보았고, 저선량률 강내조사를 받은 환자 중에서 전골반 외부 조사선량에 따라 4500cGy 이하인 환자군(18명)과 4501cGy 이상인 환자군(62명)으로 나누어 분석하였다. 외부 조사선량이 5000cGy 이상인 환자 중에서 중심선 차폐(midline block)를 한 군(36명)고 하지 않은 군(31명)을 나누어 분석하였다. 결과 : 전에 환자의 5년생존율은 69%였고, 병기별 5년생존율은 ⅠB 92%, ⅡA 75%, ⅡB 53%로 나왔다. 직장 합병증은 Grade 1이 20명(22%), Grade 2가 22명(24%)이었고, 방광 합병증은 Grade 1이 22명(24%), Grade 2가 17명(19%) 이었으며 수술을 요할 정도의 심각한 합병증은 없었다. 방광 및 직장 합병증이 나타났던 군에서 합병증이 없었던 군보다 방광 및 직장에 조사 된 최대 방사선량(maximum dose)의 평균치가 높았던 것으로 나타났다 (최대 방광 조사선량 평균 : 7680cGy v 6960cGy (p<0.01), 최대 직장 조사선량 평균 : 7041cGy v 6269cGy (p<0.01)). 외부 조사선량이 4500cGy 이하인 군과 4501cGy 이상인 군에서 생존율과 방광 합병증 발생율은 통계적 차이가 없었으나 Grade 2 직장 합병증 발생율은 각각 6.3%, 25.5% (p<0.05)로 4500cGy 이하인 군에서 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 고선량률 강내조사를 받은 군과 저선량률 강내조사를 받은 군 사이에 생존율은 병기별 분석에서 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 합병증 발생률은 고선량률 강내조사 군에서 더 높게 나타났지만 Point A와 직장에 조사된 방사선량이 저선량률 강내조사 군에 비해 높아 고선량률 강내치료 자체가 합병증 발생률을 높인 인자로 볼 수는 없었다. (p<0.01). 저선량률 강내조사의 횟수에 따른 생존율이나 합병증 발생률의 차이는 없었다. 외부조사시 중심선 차폐 여부에 따른 생존율과 직장 합병증 발생률의 유의한 차이는 없었으나 방광 합병증 발생률은 중심선 차폐를 시행한 군에서 더 높았다 (p<0.05). 결론: 병기 ⅠB, ⅡA, ⅡB 자궁경부암에서 방사선 치료방법에 따른 생존율은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 직장 합병증은 외부 조사선량이 4500cGy이하인 군에서 4501cGy 이상인 군에서보다 낮은 것으로 나타났고, 최대 방광 선량과 최대 직장 선량이 합병증 발생률과 유의한 상관관계를 보여, 향후 전골반 외부 조사선량이 4500cGy를 넘지 않도록 주의하여야 되겠고, 강내 치료 계획시 직장 및 방광 선량을 가능한 낮추도록 치료 선량을 결정해야 할 것이다. Purpose : To analyze survival rate and late rectal and bladder complication for patients with stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ carcinoma of uterine cervix treated by radiation alone or combined with chemotherapy Materials and Methods : Between November 1984 and December 1993. 127 patients with stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ carcinoma of uterine cervix treated by radiation alone or combined therapy of radiation and chemotherapy. Retrospective analysis for survival rate was carried out on eligible 107 patients and review for complication was possible in 91 patients. The median follow-up was 47 months (range 3-118) and the median age of patiens was 56 years (range 31-76). 26 patients were stage ⅠB by FIGO classification. 40 were stage ⅡA and 41 were stage ⅡB. 86 cases were treated by radiation alone and 21 were treated by radiation and chemotherapy. 101 patients were treated with intracavitary radiation therapy (ICRT). of these. 80 were received low dose rate (LDR) ICRT and 21 were received high dose rate (HDR) ICRT. Of the patients who received LDR ICRT. 63 were treated by 1 intracavitary insertion and 17 were underwent 2 insertion. And we evaluated the external radiation dose and midline shield. Results : Actuarial survival rate at 5 years was 92% for stage ⅠB. 75% for stage ⅡA. 53% for stage ⅡB and 69% in all patients. Grade 1 rectal complications were developed in 20 cases (22%). grade 2 were in 22 cases (24%). 22 cases (24%) of grade 1 urinary complications and 17 cases (19%) of grade 2 urinary complications were observed. But no patient had severe complications that needed surgical management or admission care. Maximum bladder dose for the group of patients with urinary complications (7608 cGy v 6960cGy. p<0.01). Maximum rectal dose for the group of patients with rectal complications was higher than that for the patients without rectal complications (7041cGy v 6269cGy p<0.01). While there was no significant difference for survival rate or bladder complication incidence as a function of dose to whole pelvis. Grade 2 rectal complication incidence was significantly lower for the patients receiving less than 4500cGy (6.3% v 25.5%. p<0.05). There was no significant differance between HDR ICRT group and LDR ICRT group for survival rate according to stage. on the other hand complication incidence was higher in the HDR group than LDR group. This was maybe due to different prescription doses between HDR group and LDR group. Midline shield neither improved survival rate nor decreased complication rate. The number of insertion in LDR ICRT group did not affect on survival and compication rate. Conclusion : In stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ carcinoma of uterine cervix. there was no significant differance for 5 year survival rate by radiation therapy technique. Rectal complication incidence was as a function of dose to whole pelvis and there were positive correlations of maximum dose of rectum and bladder and each complication incidence. So we recommand whole pelvis dose less than 4500cGy and maximum dose of rectum and bladder ad low as possible.

A Study on the Relationship between Family Stress, Retirement Anxiety and Self-Efficiency in Middle-Aged Male

임선영,마예원,박혜선 사단법인 미래융합기술연구학회 2020 아시아태평양융합연구교류논문지 Vol.6 No.9

This study aimed to identify factors related to the occurrence of family stress in middle aged men and to study the effects of retirement anxiety and self-efficacy on family stress. A total of 150 middle-aged men in Korea were recruited in the descriptive study of this study. The general characteristics and degree of family stress, retirement anxiety, and self-efficacy of middle-aged men were analyzed using frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, while Pearson's coefficient correlation was used to determine the relationship between family stress, retirement anxiety, and self-efficacy. The results showed that middle-aged males' family stress score was 25.26 (±11.97), which was lower than the average, while the retirement anxiety score was 49.57 (±12.06) and the self-efficacy score was 73.95 (±11.54), which were higher than the averages for those scores.. An analysis of the correlation between family stress and retirement anxiety showed that, as the level of family stress increased, the level of retirement anxiety also increased. This study suggests that middle-aged men need to be aware of the increase in family stress. In addition, this study provides basic data indicating the need for effective nursing intervention to relieve family stress and retirement anxiety among middle-aged men.

요양병원 여성 암 환자의 정신건강, 가족문제해결 의사소통이 암 적응에 미치는 영향

임선영,마예원,박혜선 대한통합의학회 2020 대한통합의학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Purpose : This study investigated the relationship among adjustment of cancer, mental health, and family problem solving communication of women with cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine how to improve the adjustment of cancer of women and improve women’s mental health to form family problem solving communication. Methods : This correlational study was conducted among 101 women with cancer living in the Seoul region. Data collection occurred from August 1,2018, to August 23. The data are reported as means and standard deviations and were analyzed with t tests, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation regression using SPSS version 21.0. Results : The results of this study showed that adjustment to cancer significantly correlated with the education level of the participants (F=3.27,p<.05) and self-help group participation (F=3.156,p<.05). In this study, the mental health of female cancer patients significantly affected their adjustment to cancer (F=13.13,p<.001). These results explained 19.7% of the variance (F=13.13,p<.001) in mental health and adjustment to cancer in female cancer patients. Conclusion : In this study, mental health was significantly affected adjustment to cancer. The results suggest that adjustment to cancer can be promoted through the development and application of a nursing intervention program considering the mental health of female cancer patients. In addition, further research is required to identify the factors in consideration of various variables in addition to the sociodemographic and disease-related variables that may affect the adjustment to cancer of female cancer patients in nursing hospitals.

재가노인 방문요양보호사의 낙상관련 대처 경험에 관한 연구

임선영 ( Sun-young Lim ),박혜선 ( Hye-sun Park ),마예원 ( Ryewon Ma ) 대한통합의학회 2021 대한통합의학회지 Vol.9 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the experience and meaning of falls among care workers caring for the elderly. Methods: The participants comprised 10 care workers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. The data collection period was from September to November 2020, and the data were obtained through individual in-depth interviews. The collected data were analyzed using the content analysis method of qualitative research. The main interview questions were as follows: First, in the event of a fall, “can you tell us about your experience and how you dealt with the fall?; second, “can you tell us about your role and the role of family members or the center that manages falls that occur outside of nursing visits.”, third, “can you tell us about the difficulties in managing falls based on your experience?”, and fourth, “how are falls that occur during nursing visits managed?” Results: As a result of analyzing the experiences of nursing care workers of falls while caring for elders in their homes, five main themes were derived. These were understanding the characteristics of the elderly at home, understanding possible emergency situations, providing caring services, minimizing physical harm, and delivering clear information. Conclusion: A significant finding of this study was that care workers who visit and provide care to elders at home confirmed the need for standard guidelines on appropriate responses in the event of a fall at home and the importance of managing emergencies arising from falls among elders at home. These results highlight the need for the development of emergency response education programs, such as programs on fall care among nurses and care workers who provide care to the elderly, and for enhanced understanding of the fall risk of elders who live at home.

치과위생사의 국민건강보험 치과진료비 청구에 관한 연구: 업무 관심도, 필요도, 인지도, 성과 기여도 차이분석

정선영(Seon yeong Jeong),마민정(Min jeong Ma),김영경(Yeong gyeong Kim) 대한치과보험학회 2018 대한치과보험학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Objective: In recent years, the proportion of insured medical care has also increased in the dental medical field amid recent trends of policy that strengthens the coverage of health insurance. The expansion of such insured care requires accurate knowledge related to insurance-related reimbursement claims with regard to the implementation of duties and roles of dental hygienists. This study was intended to provide the data for education which would be necessary for making claims for dental care expenses under the national health insurance system by examining the awareness of dental hygienists towards the health insurance. Methods: The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 according to the study purpose and the following statistical analysis was performed based on the 95% confidence level. The statistical method used is Frequency analysis, Cross analysis, Independent T-test, one-way ANOVA. Results: 95.4% of dental hygienists surveyed in this study recognized the need for education on dental health insurance and 89.5% had the experience of receiving related education. The proportion of dental hygienists comprised 70.8%, the highest, among those who handled works associated with claims for insurance-related reimbursement. The proportion was found higher among those who received education for longer period of time, those who handled works related to patient counseling, and those who performed works associated with claims for insurance-related reimbursement (P<0.05). 50.6% of dental hygienists were found to have certificates related to health insurance. The interest in health insurance and the need for performance of works associated with claims for insurance-related reimbursement turned out to be higher when they had the experience of making claims for insurance-related reimbursement(P<0.05). The awareness towards the basis for estimation of reimbursement amount, the extent of education on insurance-related reimbursement, and the degree of contribution to hospital performance were higher among those who handled works associated with claims for insurance-related reimbursement(P<0.05). Conclusion: Most respondents were found to have greater need for health insurance-related education. Systematic and specialized education is needed as the professional knowledge of health insurance is necessary for dental hygienists to carry out works independently and take on their roles firmly.

Invivo Dosimetry for Mammography with and without Lead Apron Using the Glass Dosimeters

유수정,임상욱,마선영,서선열,김영재,강영남,금기창,조삼주,Yu, Su-Jeong,Lim, Sangwook,Ma, Sun Young,Seo, Sun-Youl,Kim, Young-Jae,Kang, Young-Nam,Keum, Ki Chang,Cho, Samju Korean Society of Medical Physics 2015 의학물리 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구는 유방촬영술을 시행할 때 유방인접조직의 생체내선량 측정을 통해 방호복 착용의 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 이를 위해 유방검진을 받는 일반 여성 중 연구의 목적과 방법을 정확히 이해하고 동의한 환자 30명을 대상으로 유방촬영시 유리선량계를 이용하여 측정을 실시 하였다. 유리선량계의 교정값을 구하기 위하여 팬텀(ACR phantom)을 이용하여 촬영 변수중 각각 관전압과 관전류의 중간값(27 kVp, 120 mAs)고정 시 mAs와 kVp를 변화시켜 장치에서 계산된 선량을 얻어 유리선량계 소자의 교정값을 구하였다. 측정 그룹은 방호복을 착용하지 않는 A 그룹과 착용하지 않은 B 그룹으로 나누었다. 생체내 선량측정 특성상 동일한 환자를 대상으로 반복 촬영을 할 수 없음으로 A 그룹은 좌 우 유방촬영에 따라 인접 정상조직의 선량이 차이가 없을 보고자 하였다. B 그룹은 한쪽 유방은 방호복으로 차폐를 하고 다른 쪽 유방은 방호복으로 차폐를 하지 않음으로 그 차이를 보고자 하였다. 인접 정상조직 측정에는 갑상선, 검사반대측 유방, 하복부로 각각의 부위에 유리선량계를 위치시켜 측정하였다. 실험 결과 유방촬영 시 입사표면선량은 A그룹의 경우, 왼쪽유방 상하방향 검사 시 갑상선은 0.0692 mGy, 오른쪽 유방은 0.6790 mGy, 하복부의 선량은 0.0122 mGy로 나타났고, 오른쪽 상하방향 검사 시에는 각각 0.0607 mGy, 0.4062 mGy 그리고 0.0166 mGy로 측정되었다. B그룹의 입사표면선량은 왼쪽유방 상하방향 검사 시 갑상선, 오른쪽 유방, 하복부의 선량이 각각 0.0922 mGy, 0.8575 mGy, 0.0150 mGy로 나타났다. 방호복을 착용한 오른쪽 상하방향 검사는 갑상선이 0.0158 mGy, 왼쪽유방은 0.0286 mGy, 하복부가 0.0173 mGy의 선량을 보여 갑상선과 유방의 선량이 대폭 감소되었고 통계적으로 유의하였다(p<0.05). 모니터의 유선선량을 관찰해 보면 A, B그룹 모두 권고값인 3 mGy 이하의 선량값을 보였다. 본 연구 결과 유방촬영시 환자의 결정장기가 받는 표면선량은 모두 기준치 이하의 선량을 보였으나 방호복 착용에 따른 선량 저감 효과를 볼 수 있어 방호복의 유용성을 확인할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to see the usefulness of lead apron for critical organs near the breast under examining. For clinical experiment, 30 female volunteers who agreed to their participation in the experiments, were chosen and divided into two groups, 15 in group A and 15 in group B respectively. group A is to see whether each side of breast under mammography affects to other side glandular on the critical organs is same, because it is not allowed to scan the both breast for same person or to scan repeatedly. Group B is to see the effectiveness of lead apron during the mammography of right breast. Glass dosimeters were placed on the thyroid, the contralateral breast, and lower abdomen where near the breast during examining. The average glandular doses on the surface in mammography of the thyroid gland, the contralateral breast, the lower abdomen were 0.0692 mGy, 0.6790 mGy, and 0.0122 mGy, respectively, which was an extremely low level of glandular dose. In group B, as to the thyroid gland, average dose was decreased from 0.0922 mGy to 0.0158 mGy. The average dose of contralateral breast was decreased from 0.8575 mGy to 0.0286 mGy. The average doses of lower abdomen was decrease 0.0150 mGy to 0.0173 mGy. As to the lower abdomen, dose decreased from 0.0150 mGy before the use of an apron down to 0.0173 mGy after the use. As p-value was under 0.05, statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups. Wearing an apron can have the protective effects on the thyroid gland up to 20 times lower than not wearing one. Besides, it is also necessary to protect the other breast during the examination by wearing one.