EDTA Treatment for Overcoming the Prozone Effect and for Predicting C1q Binding in HLA Antibody Testing

김훈석,최애란,양미나,오은지 대한진단검사의학회 2019 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.39 No.6

The Luminex-based single antigen bead (SAB) assay is widely used to detect HLA antibody in transplant recipients. However, one limitation of the SAB assay is the prozone effect, which occurs mostly as a result of complement interference. We investigated the efficacy of EDTA treatment for overcoming the prozone effect and predicting C1q binding of HLA antibody. We subjected 27 non-treated (naïve) and EDTA-treated serum samples from highly sensitized patients to IgG-SAB assays, and we confirmed the prozone effect in 53% and 31% of class I and class II antibody tests, respectively, after EDTA treatment. When we conducted additional assays after dithiothreitol treatment and serum dilution, EDTA was the most efficacious in eliminating the prozone effect. Reducing the prozone effect by EDTA treatment strengthened the correlation between IgG mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and C1q MFI values (ρ=0.825) as compared with the naïve sera (ρ=0.068). Although C1q positivity was dependent on the concentration of HLA antibody in EDTA-treated sera, the correlations varied individually. Overall, our results confirmed the efficacy of EDTA treatment for overcoming the prozone effect. EDTA treatment showed a positive effect on the correlation between IgG MFI and C1q MFI values.

음악과 인공지능의 상호관계 연구 - 공존과 지배의 관점에서 본 인공지능 -

김훈석 한국문화산업학회 2018 문화산업연구 Vol.18 No.1

Art is the expression of human emotion, self-consciousness, and so on. Artificial intelligence can not express human emotion perfectly, and human art can not be created. In addition, music reflects the spirit and culture of the times, and artificial intelligence can not contain the spirit that represents the times. Therefore, artificial intelligence can not communicate genuinely through human and art. However, artificial intelligence continues to evolve, and we must accept the development of it and collaborate with artificial intelligence and complement each other. And through it, we must create art that embodies the times. 인간에게는 정신, 감정, 자의식 등이 있으며 예술은 이러한 것들을 표현한 것이다. 인공지능이 인간처럼 예술을 창작하려면 인간의 감정을 완벽하게 구현할 수 있어야 한다. 음악에는 그 시대를 반영하는 사회, 문화 등의 시대정신이 내포되어 있다. 현대 음악을 작곡하는 인공지능이 과연 시대정신을 넣어 인간과 소통을 할 수 있는 곡을 만들지는 현재로써 미지수다. 인공지능이 현대 사회에 깊숙이 들어온 현 상황에서 인공지능을 경쟁의 대상으로 여기거나 거부하는 것은 어리석은 발상이다. 시대정신을 담아 대중을 감동시킬 창작물을 기대한다면 인공지능과의 관계를 보다 우호적으로 바라보아야 한다. 그리고 인공지능과의 상호보완적 협업을 통해 더욱 발전된 예술 영역을 확보해야 할 것이다.

A K-band Push-Push Hair-pin Resonator Oscillator

김훈석,박지용,이종철,김종헌,김남영,홍의석 한국통신학회 1998 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.17 No.3

능동형 현가장치의 퍼지제어에 관한 연구

박성태,김훈석 울산대학교 1995 공학연구논문집 Vol.26 No.1

급선회나 차선 변경을 시도할 때 차량의 스프링 상 중량은 스프링 하 중량에 대해 상대적인 롤링운동이 발생하게 되는데 이 운동은 차체의 안정성에 나쁜 영향을 미칠 뿐만아니라, 운전자의 조종안전성과 탑승자의 승차감을 떨어 뜨리는 결과를 초래하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 차량의 롤운동과 관련된 조종안정성과 승차감을 개선하기 위하여 퍼지제어기를 설계하고, 시뮬레이션으로 그 평가를 시도하였다. 차량의 모델은 3자유도의 운동 즉, 횡 슬립, 요잉 운동, 롤링 운동으로 구성되며 오버스티어와 언더스티어의 정상상태 핸들링 특성을 갖는 차량을 대상으로 시뮬레이션을 하였다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결과 퍼지 알고리즘을 이용한 제어기는 수동형 시스템과 Fred의 시스템[7]에 비해 선회시 롤 각이 현저하게 감소하고, 선회 속도와 횡 가속도의 응답이 빨라지고 정상상태 이득이 커져 조종안전성에 유리하며 차선 변경시나 선회시 가속을 하는 동안에도 작은 롤의 변화를 가지고 정상상태에 도달하고 있음을 보여준다. A vehicle generates the rolling motion of sprung mass relative to unsprung mass during cornering or lane changing. The rolling motion tends to decrease handling performance and ride comfort. In this paper, a digital controller using fuzzy algorithm is designed to improve handing performance and ride comfort by controlling roll angle during cornering or lane changing. A vehicle model consists of three degree of freedom i.e., sideslip, yawing and rolling motion, and is simulated for vehicles with characters of steady-state handling of oversteer and understeer. As the result of computer simulation, the controller using fuzzy algorithm prevails over handling performance because of the decreasing of rolling angle, rapid response to yaw velocity and lateral acceleration, and good steady-state gain, when cornering, compared with passive system and Fred's system[7]. And it also shows that the response gets to steady-state with small roll change for lane changing and acceleration of cornering time.

정서적 성향과 심리적 주인의식이 조직몰입 및 직무긴장과의 관계에서 일중독의 영향

배성현,김훈석,박태경,신동규 한국경영교육학회 2012 한국경영교육학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.12

외과계 진료과별 수혈 결정 혈색소 비교 및 수혈 적정성 분석

양미나,임지향,김훈석,이종미,정진,최승준 대한수혈학회 2018 大韓輸血學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

Background: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is an essential practice during surgery to accommodate for bleeding. As such, there are efforts being made to allow for a safe and appropriate transfusion due to shortages of blood components and to minimize transfusion-related adverse reactions. However, a conventional transfusion decision with relatively high hemoglobin (Hb) threshold is still performed in clinical setting. In this study, we investigated the threshold of Hblevel and appropriateness of RBC transfusion in patients receiving perioperative RBC transfusion in surgical departments. Methods: We investigated the pre-transfusion Hb level of 1,379 patients (2,170 episodes) receiving perioperative RBC transfusion in five surgical departments, including cardiothoracic surgery (CS), general surgery (GS), neurosurgery (NS), obstetrics and gynecology (OBGY), and orthopedics (OS), between June 2017 and March 2018. The appropriateness of transfusion was evaluated with two criteria: 1) pretransfusion Hb level ≤10 g/dL and 2) posttransfusion Hb level ≤10 g/dL. Results: The median pretransfusion Hb level was 8.5 g/dL (interquartile range 7.7∼9.4); that of each department was as follows: 8.6 g/dL (7.9∼9.2) in CS, 7.9 g/dL (7.3∼8.6) in GS, 9.1 g/dL (8.5∼9.8) in NS, 8.5 g/dL (7.7∼9.8) in OBGY, and 8.7 g/dL (7.9∼9.7) in OS. With a criteria of pretransfusion of Hb level ≤10 g/dL, 85.4% of total episodes were appropriate. With criteria of post-transfusion of Hb level ≤10 g/dL, 44.7% were appropriate. Conclusion: This study presents a fundamental data observing the trend of RBC transfusion in a single institution. A significant proportion of inappropriate RBC transfusion are still being conducted in surgical setting. Continuous and effective education of clinicians and implementation of monitoring systems to assess the appropriateness of RBC transfusion may be necessary.

勒島甕棺의 實年代와 海洋리저버效果

이창희(Changhee Lee),김훈석(Hunsuk Kim) 한국고고학회 2010 한국고고학보 Vol.75 No.-

PCS 통합중계기의 대역외 잡음에 관한 연구

황선호(Seon-ho Hwang),김훈석(Hoon-seok Kim),홍정화(Jung-wha Hong) 한국통신학회 2002 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2002 No.7

박용 중속 디젤 엔진 밸브트레인의 이상 소음 원인 규명

김원현(Won Hyun Kim),김훈석(Hoon Suk Kim),이수목(Soo Mok Lee) 대한기계학회 2010 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2010 No.11

An abnormal noise was detected in the valve train of newly developed medium speed diesel engine during the shop test. The valve train system and cam profiles were designed based on the kinetic and kinematic analyses. And the vibration characteristics of camshaft were also considered. Nevertheless, the impulse noise was generated and it was confirmed that this is due to the crashing of intake valve in closing timing at the initial test. To investigate the root causes, the dynamic behaviors of valve train system and the torsional vibration of camshaft were measured. From these experiments and the additional analysis, it was concluded that the one of the cause of crashing is coincidence of intake valve closing timing and the fuel cam timing. The other one is the maximum acceleration of intake cam which close to maximum operating speed of valve train. In this work, the intake cam profile was modified to reduce the maximum valve acceleration and then the abnormal noise was disappeared.

EMTP를 이용한 전력계통 연계 분산전원의 영향 해석

여상민(S.M. Yeo),김철환(C. H. Kim),이기식(K.S. Lee),김훈석(H.S. Kim) 대한전기학회 2005 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.5