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중풍환자 1기 고혈압에 청혈단(淸血丹)의 항고혈압 효과
김이동,이상호,김은주,김태훈,박영민,정동원,신원준,정우상,배형섭,윤상필,Kim, Lee-Dong,Lee, Sang-Ho,Kim, Eun-Ju,Kim, Tai-Hun,Park, Young-Min,Jung, Dong-Won,Shin, Won-Jun,Jung, Woo-Sang,Bae, Hyung-Sup,Yun, Sang-Pil 대한한방내과학회 2004 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.25 No.2
Background and Purpose : Hypertension is one of the modifiable risk factors for stroke. Lowering blood pressure is a primary or secondary preventative measure for stroke. This study aims to assess the efficacy of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxue-dan) in stage 1 hypertensive patients who have suffered a stroke by 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring(24ABPM). Subjects& Methods : We enrolled 40 hospitalized stroke patients with stage 1 hypertension and divided them into 2 groups by stratified randomization; group A took 1200mg of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxue-dan) at 8:00 a.m. for two weeks without changing herbal medicine, and group B was the control group. 28 patients were included in the final analysis(15 in group A. 13 in group B). Blood pressure is monitored from 8:00 am to 7:30 am every 30 minutes for 24 hours. Blood pressure was monitored two times at baseline and again two weeks later. We used 3 parameters for evaluating the efficacy of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxue-dan); The first parameter is change from baseline to two weeks later in blood pressure and pulse rate. The second parameter is the trough/peak ratio(TPR) and smoothness index(SI). The third parameter is antihypertensive rate by antihypertensive efficacy guideline. Results : There is no significant difference in the baseline assessment hetween the two groups. Systolic blood pressure $(141.37{\pm}8.96\;mmHg\;vs\;132.28{\pm}9.46\;mmHg)$ decreased after two weeks of 1200mg(P=0.03) intake of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxue-dan). Systolic TPR and SI was 0.87 and 1.04 in group A. Antihypertensive rate was higher in group A. Conclusion: These results suggest that 1200mg doses of Clunghyul-dan(Qingxue-dan) is an effective antihypertensive agent on stage 1 hypertension patients who have suffered a stroke.
가격정책과 비가격정책이 청소년과 성인의 흡연행태 변화에 미치는 영향의 비교분석
이동형(李東炯),김영성(金榮成),김재홍(金宰弘) 한국정부학회 2018 한국행정논집 Vol.30 No.4
본 연구에서는 흡연율 저감을 위하여 시행되고 있는 가격정책과 비가격정책이 청소년과 성인의 흡연행태에 영향을 비교 분석하기 위하여 명시선호실험을 통해 얻은 자료를 바탕으로 흡연량 감소효과와 담배가격 탄력성을 추정하였다. 가격정책의 경우 담배가격 1,000원 인상할 때 흡연량이 2013년에는 4.56개비, 2018년에는 4.78개비 감소하는 것으로 추정되었으며, 비가격정책의 경우 경고그림 삽입 및 확대에 대한 감소효과는 2013년 성인과 청소년 모두 약 4-5개비 정도의 감소효과가 있는 것으로 추정되었으나 2018년 경고그림이 2배로 확대될 경우 성인은 8.75개비 감소하는 반면 청소년은 4.11개비 감소하여 경고그림의 효과는 성인 집단에서 더 크게 나타났다. 담배가격탄력성은 0.63∼-1.85로 추정되었으며 2013년보다 2018년에 상대적으로 낮게 추정되었다. 이러한 결과는 주기적으로 큰 폭으로 담배가격을 인상하는 것은 물론, 금연구역 확장이나 경고그림 확대 및 주기적인 교체 등을 홍보나 교육과 함께 시행함으로써 흡연량을 저감시키는 정책이 필요하다는 것을 시사한다. This study estimates and analyzes the reduction effect of the smoking amount and the price elasticity of cigarette demand by the price policy and non-price policy on the smoking behavior of teenagers and adults based on the data obtained through stated preference experiments. In the case of the price policy, it is estimated that the amount of smoking decreases by 4.56 pieces in 2013 and 4.78 pieces in 2018 for each 1,000 won increase of a box price of cigarettes. In case of non-price policy, It is estimated that there is a reduction effect of about 4-5 pieces for both adults and teenagers in 2013. If the size of warning picture in 2018 is doubled, however, the adults decrease 8.75 pieces of cigarettes, while the youths decrease by 4.11 pieces. The price elasticity of cigarettes was estimated to be -0.63 ~ -1.85, which is relatively lower in 2018 than in 2013. These results suggest that it would be necessary to reduce the smoking amount and rate through some policies such as periodical and significant raising of the cigarette price, expanding non-smoking areas and/or periodical exchange of warning pictures together with public relation and education.
토양에 매몰 방제된 화상병 감염 사과와 배 나무로부터 화상병균 생존 조사
김예은,김준영,노형진,이동형,김수산,김성환 한국환경농학회 2019 한국환경농학회지 Vol.38 No.4
BACKGROUND: Since 2015, fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora has been devastating apple and pear orchards every year. To quickly block the disease spreading, infected apple and pear trees have been buried in soil. However, concern on the possibility of the pathogen survival urgently requires informative data on the buried host plants. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the survival of the pathogen from the buried host plants. METHODS AND RESULTS: Apple trees buried in 42 months ago in a Jecheon site and pear trees buried in 30 months ago in an Anseong site were excavated using an excavator. Plant samples were taken from stems and twigs of the excavated trees. The collected 120 samples were checked for rotting and used for bacterial isolation, using TSA, R2A, and E. amylovora selection media. The purely isolated bacteria were identified based on colony morphology and 16S rDNA sequences. Wood rotting and decay with off smells and discoloring were observed from the samples. A total of 17 genera and 48 species of bacteria were identified but E. amylovora was not detected. CONCLUSION: Our investigation suggests that the survival of E. amylovora doesn’t seem possible in the infected hosts which have been buried in soil for at least 30 months. Therefore, the burial control can be considered as a safe method for fire blight disease.