골유착성 임플랜트 보철물 장착시 하악골의 탄성변형 및 응력분포에 관한 삼차원 유한요소법적 연구

김용호,김영수,김창회,Kim, Yong-Ho,Kim, Yung-Soo,Kim, Chang-Whe 대한치과보철학회 1998 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.36 No.2

The human mandible is always under the condition of loading by the various forces extorted by the attached muscles. The loading is an important condition of the stomatognathic system. This condition is composed of the direction and amount of forces of the masticatory muscles, which are controlled by the neuromuscular system, and always influenced by the movement of both opening and closing. Mandible is a strong foundation for the teeth or various prostheses, nevetheless it is a elastic body which accompanies deformation by the external forces on it. The elastic properties of the mandible is influenced by the various procedures such as conventional restorative treatments, osseointegrated implant treatments, reconstructive surgical procedures and so forth. Among the treatments the osseointegrated implant has no periodontal ligaments, which exist around the natural teeth to allow physiologic mobility in the alveolar socket. And so around the osseointegrated implant, there is almost no damping effect during the transmission of occlusal stress and displacements. If the osseointegrated implants are connected by the superstructure for the stabilization and effective distribution of occlusal stresses, the elastic properties of mandible is restricted according to the extent of 'splinting' by the superstructure and implants. To investigate the change of elastic behaviour of the mandible which has osseointegrated implant prosthesis of various numbers of implant installment and span of superstructre, a three dimensional finite element model was developed and analyzed with conditions mentioned above. The conclusions are as follows : 1. The displacements are primarily developed at the area of muscle attachment and distributed all around the mandible according to the various properties of bone. 2. The segmentation in the superstructure has few influence on the distribution of stress and displacement. 3. In the load case of ICP, the concentration of tensional stress was observed at the anterior portion of the ramus($9.22E+6N/m^2$) and at the lingual portion of the symphysis menti($8.36E+6N/m^2$). 4. In the load case of INC, the concentration of tensional stress was observed at the anterior portion of the ramus($9.90E+6N/m^2$) and the concentration of tensional stress was observed at the lingual portion of the symphysis menti($2.38E+6N/m^2$)). 5. In the load case of UTCP, the relatively high concentration of tensional stress($3.66E+7N/m^2$) was observed at the internal surface of the condylar neck.

최근 한국 정당의 개혁조치에 대한 평가

김용호(Yong-Ho Kim) 한국정당학회 2008 한국정당학회보 Vol.7 No.1

이 글의 목적은 2002년 3김 은퇴 이후 한국정당이 시도한 개혁조치를 평가하고, 향후 새로운 정당발전 방향을 제시하는 것이다. 평가의 대상은 지구당 폐지, 지지자중심의 정당 만들기, 원내정당화, 국민참여경선제, 당정분리 등이다. 이러한 개혁조치는 3김 정당정치의 폐해인 고비용 정당구조, 머신정당, 비민주적 공천제도, 제왕적 총재문제 등을 해결하는 데 상당히 기여하였다. 그러나 이러한 개혁조치들이 예상하지 못한 새로운 문제점을 초래하였는 바, 기존의 지방정당조직과 당원의 충성심을 약화시켜 정당조직의 역할이 매우 축소되는 바람에 미디어와 시민단체와 네티즌집단 등의 정치적 영향력이 상대적으로 강화되었다. 앞으로 한국정당은 국민의 생활정치 요구를 입법화하여 삶의 질을 향상시킴으로써 정당지지자를 많이 모아서 명실상부한 대중정당을 건설하는 것이다. The major purpose of this paper is to evaluate recent reforms which South Korean political parties have so far made since political retirement of the longtime party leaders often called “three Kims” in 2002. These reforms include the legal abolition of the local party chapters at the electoral district-level, the introduction of U. S.-style primary system to elect presidential candidate, some attempts to transform a machine-type party into a parliamentary-oriented party for the autonomy of the party’s parliamentary members, and the reorientation of the member-centered party management into the supporter-oriented one. These reforms certainly contributed to a certain degree to the elimination of some negative aspects of the “three-Kims-style” party politics. At the same time, these reforms had also brought some “unintended” consequences of weakening the party's organizational strength as well as the partisan loyalty of party members. Hereafter, the South Korean parties need to cultivate their support bases at the grass-roots level by providing more substantial benefits to the voters with the effective legislation of the economic and social polices.

민주화이후 한국 대통령제의 진화과정 분석

김용호 ( Kim Yong-ho ) 한국의회발전연구회 2017 의정연구 Vol.23 No.1

이 글은 비교정치제도적 시각에서 민주화이후 지난 30년간 한국 대통령제의 진화과정을 분석, 평가, 전망하였다. 민주화이후 한국 대통령제는 3김시기의 제왕적 대통령제에서 3김이후 “대통령중심적 대통령제(president-centered presidentialism)”로 진화하였다. 이러한 진화과정에 제도적 요인(정치자금법을 비롯한 주요 정치관련법, 각 정당의 제도 개혁)과 비제도적 요인(대통령의 리더십성격)이 작용하였다. 이러한 진화과정을 분석한 결과 우리들은 앞으로 정치제도개혁을 통해 현행 “대통령중심적 대통령제”를 “대통령-의회 권력분립형 대통령제”로 발전시킬 가능성을 발견하였다. 특히 지난 30년간의 민주화 추세를 고려해보면 한국 대통령제가 장차 권력분립형 대통령제로 발전해 나갈 수 있을 것으로 전망된다. 이제 통치과정에서 대통령 우위의 “대통령중심적 대통령제”에서 벗어나 앞으로 행정, 입법, 사법 3부가 서로 대등한 통치의 주체로서 견제와 균형을 이루어 민주주의를 발전시켜 나가야 한다. 그동안 국회의 대통령 견제와 감독기능의 증가, 사법부의 독립성 증대, 시민사회의 책임 있는 정치적 참여 증가등이 권력분립형 대통령제를 가능하게 할 것으로 본다. 따라서 지난 30년간 대통령제하에서 우리들이 이룩한 민주적 성과를 유지, 발전시켜 나가려면 현행정부형태를 바꾸지 않고 대통령제를 유지하는 가운데 현행 대통령제의 문제점을 시정해 나가는 것이 바람직하다. 이를 위해 현행 헌법상의 대통령 권한을 축소하고, 4년 중임의 정부통령제로 변경하는 개헌이 필요하다. 또 현행 헌법의 내각제적요소를 제거해야 한다. 그리고 권력분립형 대통령제를 뒷받침할 수 있도록 국회제도, 정당제도, 선거제도, 대선후보 경선제도를 개선하고 대통령제와 관련된 잘못된 인식과 잘못된 정치적 관행을 고쳐 나가야 한다. The major purpose of this paper is to analyze the evolution of the presidential system in South Korea during the past three decades ever since the country`s democratization in 1987 from the comparative institutional perspective. As imperial presidentialism during the so-called three Kim`s era(1987-2003) disappeared right after the political retirement of the three Kims in 2003, then president-centered presidentialism emerged during the post-three Kim`s era, since the country`s recent three presidents possessed their relatively low-level of partisan power in terms of their control of National Assemblies and their respective presidents` parties during their presidencies. South Korea has now a strong possibility to transform the current president-centered presidentialism into the American-style separatist presidential system in the near future, since the country`s National Assembly has continuously been making its efforts to function as an effective governing body being compatible with the American Congress. In addition, the country`s judiciary branch has effectively been playing a political role like the US supreme court ever since the country`s democratization in 1987. It is also emphasized that South Korea`s civic society is currently playing as a guardian of democracy through its effective and responsive political participations in many public sectors for promoting civic liberties, public welfare, and other democratic values. South Korea now needs to carry out constitutional revisions, political reforms of legislative system, party system, and electoral system as well as correct some contradictory political understandings and habits in a way to transform the current president-centered presidentialism into American-style separatist presidential system in the near future.

장막 침윤이 없는 위암 환자에서 수술 후 보조적 화학 요법에 대한 전향적 연구 -중간 보고-

김용호,김병식,이창환,김완수,육정환,오성태,박건춘,Kim Yong-Ho,Kim Byung-Sik,Lee Chang-Hwan,Kim Wan Su,Yook Jung-Whan,Oh Sung-Tae,Park Kun-Choon 대한위암학회 2001 대한위암학회지 Vol.1 No.4

Purpose: We have carried out prospective randomized clinical trial to compare survival benefit and side effect among three postoperative adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimens in serosa-negative gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Total 317 cases were recognized as serosa negative and randomized into three groups at operating room. Out of them, 172 cases were excluded because of various reasons and 135 cases were analyzed finally; Group A 36 cases, Group B 49 cases, Group C 50 cases. Group A were treated with intravenous FP combination therapy, group B with MF combination therapy and group C with oral $UFT^{(R)}$ (mixture of Tegafur and Uracil) for one year. The median follow-up period was 30 months. Results: $88.9\%$ of Group A, $83.7\%$ of Group B and $90.4\%$ of Group C received adequate chemotherapy. The complication rates of Group A ($44.4\%$) was significantly higher than group B ($20.4\%$) and group C ($24.0\%$)(P<0.05). Most frequent complications were nausea and vomiting. The 3-year survival rates and disease-free survival rates were $92.2\%$ and $89.9\%$ respectively (Group A: $96.6\%,\;87.8\%$, B: $90.3\%,\;87.7\%$, C: $95.7\%,\;93.8\%$). There were no significant differences in survival rate and disease-free survival rate among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study might suggest that the survival benefit of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and therefore it may be a useful adjunct tool for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in combination with other conventional techniques.

사서교사의 생활과 의견

김용호,Kim, Yong-Ho 한국도서관협회 1961 圖協月報 Vol.2 No.4

생산교육과 대학도서관

김용호,Kim, Yong-Ho 한국도서관협회 1965 圖協月報 Vol.6 No.7

Vibrio Vulnificus Lipopolysaccharide의 생물활성과 그에 미치는 Cell Wall Protein-A의 영향

김용호,신홍대,강신원,Kim, Yong-Ho,Shin, Hong-Dae,Kang, Shin-Won 생화학분자생물학회 1988 한국생화학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Vibrio(V.) vulnificus 대량 배양에 의하여 회수된 균체로부터 lipopolysaccharide(LPS)와 cell wall protein-A(CWP-A)를 추출하여 Sprague Dawley rat에서 생물활성을 생체의 독소 배설 기능에 관련된 장기의 효소 및 혈중 성분을 비교 측정한 결과 aspartate transaminase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) 및 blood urea nitrogen(BUN)은 LPS쪽의 활성이 높았으나 lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)는 CWP-A쪽이 훨씬 높았다. 기타의 측정군은 양자에서 모두 유사한 활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 숙주 혈중 순환 효소 및 성분의 변동 성향을 고려해 볼 때 V. vulnificus 병독성 해석에 내독소인 LPS 뿐만 아니라 CWP-A도 중요하게 고려되어야 한다고 본다. Lipopolysaccaride(LPS) and cell wall protein-A(CWP-A) were extracted from cell wall of Vibrio(V.) vulnificus. The biological activities of CWP-A were weaker than LPS in aspartate transaminase(ASP), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN), but more strong in lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) and very similiar in other test. CWP-A of V. vulnificus were considered to be important for the expression of virulence, LPS as well.

MCU용 Fast 256Kb EEPROM 설계

김용호,박헌,박무훈,하판봉,김영희,Kim, Yong-Ho,Park, Heon,Park, Mu-Hun,Ha, Pan-Bong,Kim, Young-Hee 한국정보통신학회 2015 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.19 No.3

본 논문에서는 MCU(Micro Controller Unit) IC를 위한 50ns 256Kb EEPROM 회로를 설계하였다. 설계된 EEPROM IP는 기준전압을 이용한 차동증폭기 형태의 DB(Data Bus) 센싱 회로를 제안하여 읽기 동작시 데이터 센싱 속도를 빠르게 하였으며, DB를 8등분한 Distributed DB 구조를 적용하여 DB의 기생 커패시턴스 성분을 줄여 DB의 스위칭 속도를 높였다. 또한 기존의 RD 스위치 회로에서 5V 스위치 NMOS 트랜지스터를 제거함으로써 읽기 동작 시 BL의 프리차징 시간을 줄여 액세스 시간을 줄였고 데이터 센싱 시 DB 전압과 기준전압 간의 전압차 ${\Delta}V$를 0.2VDD 정도 확보하여 출력 데이터의 신뢰도를 높였다. 매그나칩반도체 $0.18{\mu}m$ EEPROM 공정으로 설계된 256Kb EEPROM IP의 액세스 시간은 45.8ns 이며 레이아웃 면적은 $1571.625{\mu}m{\times}798.540{\mu}m$이다. In this paper, a 50ns 256-kb EEPROM IP for MCU (micro controller unit) ICs is designed. The speed of data sensing is increased in the read mode by using a proposed DB sensing circuit of differential amplifier type which uses the reference voltage, and the switching speed is also increased by reducing the total DB parasitic capacitance as a distributed DB structure is separated into eight. Also, the access time is reduced reducing a precharging time of BL in the read mode removing a 5V NMOS transistor in the conventional RD switch, and the reliability of output data can be secured by obtaining the differential voltage (${\Delta}V$) between the DB and the reference voltages as 0.2*VDD. The access time of the designed 256-kb EEPROM IP is 45.8ns and the layout size is $1571.625{\mu}m{\times}798.540{\mu}m$ based on MagnaChip's $0.18{\mu}m$ EEPROM process.

질산은과 polyamines이 미니토마토, Micro-Tom 신초 기관발생과 식물체 재분화에 미치는 영향

김용호,박철호,박상언,Kim, Yong-Ho,Park, Cheol-Ho,Park, Sang-Un 한국식물생명공학회 2002 식물생명공학회지 Vol.29 No.1

미니토마토, Micro-Tom (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Micro-Tom)의 줄기 절편 배양으로부터 신초 기관발생을 통한 식물체 재분화 시스템을 확립하였다. 다른 농도의 BAP가 처리된 MS 고체 배지에서 신초 발생을 유도하였다. 신초 발생을 유도하기 위하여 cytokinin 종류와 농도별 처리에서는 4mg/L BAP 처리가 Micro-Tom 신초 기관분화를 위한 최적농도로 나타났으며, 줄기절편 당 평균 5.3개의 신초를 형성했고 0.7 cm 길이 신장을 보였다. 4 mg/L BAP이 처리된 MS 고체배지에 질산은 (7 mg/L)과 putrescine (50 mg/L) 처리로 신초기관발생을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 신초가 약 1 cm 길이로 생장하였을 때 기부를 절단하여 0.1 mg/L IBA이 처리된 MS 고형배치에 배양하여 뿌리를 유도하였으며, 발근된 식물체를 vermiculite에 옮겨 순화시킨 결과 92%의 생존율을 보였다. The study was carried out to establish an efficient protocol for shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration from stem explant cultures of Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Micro-Tom. The regenerated shoots obtained from stem explant cultures on solid MS medium containing the different concentrations of BAP. The highest number of shoots (5.3) per explant and shoot growth (0.7 cm) was obtained on MS medium containing 4.0 mg/L BA. The additions of AgNO$_3$ and putrescine substantially improved the shoot regeneration frequency, at the optimal concentration of 7 mg/L and 50 mg/L respectively. The regenerated shoots (about 1 cm) were normal and could be easily rooted with 0.1 mg/L IBA treatment. The rooted plants were hardened and transferred to vermiculite with a 92% survival rate where they grew normally.

Vibrio vulnificus의 Cell Wall Protein A와 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)의 추출 및 이들이 효소활성에 미치는 영향

김용호,이봉헌,박장수,강신원,Kim, Yong-Ho,Lee, Bong-Hun,Park, Jang-Su,Kang, Shin-Won 생화학분자생물학회 1994 한국생화학회지 Vol.27 No.5

Vibrio vulnificus에서 lipopolysaccharide(LPS)와 cell wall protein A를 추출하여 치사독성 및 Limulus겔화 활성을 측정한 후 LPS의 효소활성에 미치는 cell wall protein A의 영향을 조사하였다. 이 결과들을 Escherichia coli와 Salmonella typhimurium LPS 및 cell wall protein A의 것들과 비교하였다. V. vulnificus LPS의 치사독성($LD_{50}$는 138.6 mg/kg)은 E. coli LPS와 S. typhimurium LPS의 것(56.3 mg/kg와 37.5mg/kg)보다 낮았지만 세가지 LPS의 Limulus 활성은 모두 같았다(0.1 ng/ml). LPS와 cell wall protein A에 의한 alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST)와 lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)의 활성은 증가하였다. 한편 LPS의 효소활성에 미치는 cell wall protein A의 영향은 커서 LPS와 cell wall protein A를 혼합한 것의 효소활성이 LPS만의 것보다 컸다. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell wall protein A from Vibrio vulnificus were extracted, were tested the lethal toxicity and Limulus amebocyte gelation activity, and were examined the effect of cell wall protein A on the enzyme activity of LPS. These results were compared to those of LPSs and cell wall protein As from Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The lethal toxicity of V. vulnificus LPS ($LD_{50}$ was 138.6 mg/kg) was lower than those of E. coli LPS (56.3 mg/kg) and S. typhimurium LPS (37.5 mg/kg), but the Limulus gelation activities of all LPSs were the same value (0.1 ng/ml). The results of enzyme activity by LPS and cell wall protein A have shown that the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were increased. The cell wall protein A on the enzyme activities of LPS was effective; the enzyme activities of LPS-cell wall protein A mixture were greater than those of LPS only.