흰쥐 해마에서 Norepinephrine 유리에 미치는 Protein Kinase C 의 영향

김도경,이영수,최봉규,Kim, Do-Kyung,Lee, Young-Soo,Choi, Bong-Kyu 대한약리학회 1995 대한약리학잡지 Vol.31 No.2

The effects and interactions of $4{\beta}-phorbol$ 12,13-dibutyrate(PDB) and polymyxin B(PMB) with adenosine on the electrically-evoked norepinephrine (NE) release were studied in the rat hippocampus. Slices from the rat hippocampus were equilibrated with $^3H-noradrenaline$ and the release of the labelled product, $^3H-NE$, which evoked by electrical stimulation$(3\;Hz,\;2\;ms,\;5\;VCm^{-1},\;rectangular\;pulses)$ was measured. PDB$(0.3{\sim}10\;{\mu}M)$, a selective protein kinase C(PKC) activator, increased the evoked NE release in a dose related fashion while increasing the basal rate of release. And the effects of $1\;{\mu}M$ PDB were significantly inhibited by $0.3\;{\mu}M$ tetrodotoxin(TTX) pretreatment or $Ca^{++}-free$ medium. $PMB(0.03{\sim}1\;mg)$, a specific PKC inhibitor, decreased the NE release in a dose dependent manner while increasing the basal rate of release. Adenosine $(1{\sim}10\;{\mu}M)$ decreased the NE release without changing the basal rate of release, and this effect was significantly inhibited by 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine$(2\;{\mu}M)$, a selective $A_1-receptor$ antagonist, treatment. Also, adenosine effects were significantly inhibited by PDB-and PMB-pretreatment. These results suggest that the PKC plays a role in the NE release in the rat hippocampus and might be participated in a post-receptor mechanism of the $A_1-adenosine$ receptor.

SHS화학로에 의한 SiC의 합성

김도경,박성,조건,이형복,Kim, Do-Kyung,Park, Sung,Cho, Kurn,Lee, Hyung-Bock 한국세라믹학회 1994 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.31 No.11

Ultra-fine $\beta$-SiC powders were fabricated by self-propagating high temperature synthesis process (SHS) using chemical furnace. The dependences of the C powders with different surface areas, the molar ratios of C/Si, the weight ratios of chemical fuel content, and pellet diameter-size on synthesis were investigated. Compositional and structural characterization of these powders was carried out by scanning electron micrograph and X-ray diffraction. The $\beta$-SiC powders which had C/Si mole ratio=1.05, 3 times chemical fuel contents, and pellet diameter=20 mm were optimum for synthesis efficiency. By optimizing process-variables, it is possible to fabricate $\beta$-SiC powders which have little secondary phases ($\alpha$-SiC).

아급성 육아종성 갑상샘염의 세침흡인 세포소견 -아급성 육아종성 갑상샘염 10예의 임상-세포소견 및 면역세포염색 소견 분석-

김도경,표주연,박종필,김연화,정우희,손은주,홍순원,Kim, Do-Kyung,Pyo, Ju-Yeon,Park, Jong-Pil,Jin, Lian-Hua,Jeong, Woo-Hee,Son, Eun-Ju,Hong, Soon-Won The Korean Society for Cytopathology 2008 대한세포병리학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Although subacute granulomatous thyroiditis(SGT) is usually diagnosed clinically, papillary carcinoma or other thyroid conditions must be considered in the differential diagnosis. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and fine-needle aspiration(FNA) cytologic findings seen in 10 SGT cases to decide what are the most reliable cytologic findings and the most helpful molecular tools for reaching a confident cytologic diagnosis. The most representative smear slides were retrieved to perform immunocytochemistry for cytokeratin 19(CK19) and Ret protein. Five papillary carcinomas(PTCs) were included as controls. The constant and typical cytologic findings of SGT were multinucleated giant cells(MGCs) (100%), epithelioid granulomas(90%), an inflammatory dirty background(90%) and plump transformed follicular cells(80%) without fire-flare cells, oncocytic cells or transformed lymphocytes. The immunoreactivities for CK19(37.5%) and Ret(10%) of the follicular cells of SGT were less than those(CK19 and Ret:100%) of PTC. CK19 immunoreactivity of the MGCs was seen in only one case of PTC. There was no significant difference between CK19 and Ret immunocytochemical staining for the MGCs of both SGT and PTC. The results of this study demonstrate that the cytological diagnosis of SGT can be improved by employing a combination of the typical and constant diagnostic cytological features and immunocytochemical results.

SHS법에 의한 Ti-Si계 세라믹스의 합성 및 소결체의 특성에 관한 연구

김도경,박성,조덕호,조건,이형복,Kim, Do-Kyung,Park, Sung,Cho, Duk-Ho,Cho, Kurn,Lee, Hyung-Bock 한국세라믹학회 1994 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Intermetallic Ti-Si system ceramics were synthesized from stochiometric mixtures of titanium and silicone powders in vacuum by Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis(SHS). In each cases of Ti5Si3, Ti5Si4 and TiSi, and TiSi2 synthesis, 20wt% product dilution, direct ignition and SHS chemical furnace method were employed. The combustion modes, which were observed during the synthesis process by using the high speed camera, of Ti5Si3, Ti5Si4, TiSi, and TiSi2 exhibit spin, osciallatory, steady-state, and spin combustion, respectively. With increasing Ti/Si molar ratio an decrease of combustion velocities was found. From the results on the measurement of the flexural strength, the specimen hot pressed at 135$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 min using synthesized Ti5Si4 powders showed the highest flexural strength at 215 MPa.

중장년층 성인의 종교에 따른 노후준비도에 관한 연구

김도경(Kim, Do Kyung),김윤신(Kim, Yoon Shin),송기민(Song, Ki Min) 한양대학교 고령사회연구원 2013 한양고령사회논집 Vol.4 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 서울ㆍ경기 수도권에 거주하는 중장년층 성인의 종교에 따른 노후준비 정도를 파악하는데 있다. 2013년 4월 22일~5월 5일 사이에 서울ㆍ경기 수도권지역을 중심으로 만30세~64세 중장년기 성인 총 300명이 응답한 설문지 자료를 SPSS WIN 18.0으로 분석하였다. 주요연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대상자의 인구사회학적 특성에서 남성이 164명(54.7%)으로 여성(45.3%)보다 많았고, 연령에서는 30대 119명(39.7%)으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 또한 대상자의 종교유형에 따라서는 무교가 125명(41.7%)으로 가장 높게 나타났고, 1주 종교활동 시간에 따라서는 없음 186명(62.0%)으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 대상자의 종교유형에 따른 노후준비 정도를 분석한 결과, 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 1주 종교활동 시간에 따른 노후준비도는 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 1주 4시간 미만의 종교활동은 경제적, 신체적, 정서적 노후준비도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타나 적당한 종교활동은 노후준비에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 보인다. Recently, the improvement of standard of living and the development of medical technology have extended the average life expectancy in our country, which resulted in the aging society with increased numbers of the aged population. This increase of the aged population is changing the viewpoint about the old age from the life extension to the healthy aged life, and to more attention to the quality of life. (Sin mee Kim, Sun yee Kim, 2009). This research collected the questionnaires polled three hundreds of the middle aged people and seniors who are living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do metropolitan area. The followings are the brief outcome of the research. The research reveals the preparation level for the declining life in accordance with sociological characteristics of the population varies as per the age, weekly religious activity, marriage status, the type of family, monthly average income, subjective financial status, and subjective health condition. This research may have the limits, one may be the regional limit because the sampling method of the research objectives was restricted to Seoul and a part of Kyeong Gi Do metropolitan area, and the other may be the error of generalization because only the aged people and seniors were collected for questionnaires. The aim of the study was to discover the relation between the religion and prepare for their old age. especially, the variables of religion is the religious type and religious activity time in a week In this study, Christianity, Buddhism, Catholicism, such as old age religions according to the type of preparation showed no significant differences. However, It is found to have a significant difference between the religious activitiesone in a week and prepare for their old age.

지적재산권법 체제 하에서 디자인의 전략적 보호 방안

김도경 ( Kim¸ Do-kyung ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2021 法學硏究 Vol.29 No.3

전세계적으로 디자인이 경제 및 기업의 성패에 미치는 영향이 커지고 있으며 대중 및 소비자 사이에서도 핵심적인 부분이 되었기 때문에 관련 산업이 경쟁력을 갖기 위해서는 그 효용성과 기능적 요소뿐 아니라 외관과 장식 디자인까지 고려하는 것이 필수적이다. 혁신적 신기술의 시대에 제품 개발 및 기술 진보는 더욱 빠른 속도로 성장하고 있어 현대 소비문화에서 “디자인이야말로 특정 제품을 다른 제품과 차별화시키는 유일한 것”이라고 해도 과언이 아닐 것이다. 한국디자인진흥원의 ‘2020 디자인산업통계조사 총괄보고서’에 따르면 2019년 디자인의 경제적 가치는 128조원으로 추정되었으나 향후 기술의 발전에 힘입어 디자인의 가치는 더욱 증대될 것이다. 또한 고부가 가치의 디자인일수록 모방은 성행할 것이기 때문에 기업인, 디자이너 등이 기술혁신에 대한 투자를 보호하지 않는 경우, 디자인 등과 같은 성과물의 법적 보호 부재로 인해 적자 및 투자를 적절히 회수하지 못할 위험이 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 이유로 디자인의 전략적 보호를 위해 지적재산권법이 어떻게 활용될 수 있는지 고찰할 필요가 있다. 기존 지적재산권법 체제는 디자인(제품 디자인, 브랜드 디자인, 기술 디자인 등)과 관련하여 디자인보호법, 저작권법 및 상표법의 세 가지 유형이 존재한다. 따라서 디자인의 경우, 지적재산권법에 따라 여러 유형의 보호를 받을 수 있다. 예컨대, 창작적 디자인의 경우 별도의 등록 없이도 저작권이 발생하고, 추후 상품으로 개발하여 디자인보호법상 공업상 이용가능성, 신규성, 창작성의 요건을 충족한다면 디자인권 등록도 가능하다. 물론 개인이 창작한 디자인이라면 대부분 저작권법상 보호만으로 충분할 것이지만 제품 디자인, 산업 디자인 등이라면 법적 권리를 명확히 하기 위해 특허청에 디자인권으로 등록해서 보호받는 것이 필요하다. 또한 저작권은 무방식주의에 따라 창작성의 요건만 갖추면 권리가 발생하지만, 디자인권으로도 등록되어 있다면 저작권 분쟁에서도 증명책임이 전환된다는 이점이 있다. 나아가 유명 및 저명한 정도에 이르러 식별력을 갖추게 되면 상표권으로 등록되어 보호받을 수 있게 된다. 디자인보호법상 보호기간이 20년이라는 점을 고려하여 디자인 개발 초기 단계에는 디자인권으로 등록하고, 어느 정도 식별력을 갖추게 되면 10년마다 갱신에 의해 반영구적 독점권인 상표로 등록하는 방안도 유용하게 활용될 수 있다. 그러나 이와 같이 디자인에 대하여 중첩적인 지적재산권법에 의한 보호가 발생하는 경우, 특정 유형의 법에 의한 보호기간이 만료되었을 때 별도의 또 다른 유형의 법에 의한 독점권이 존속되는 것에 대한 우려가 존재할 수 있다. 예컨대, 디자권의 보호기간이 만료되는 즉시 누구나 디자인보호법상 보호의 객체였던 디자인을 자유롭게 이용할 수 있으나, 디자인권 보호가 만료 시점에 입체적 형상의 상표나 트레이드 드레스로도 보호되었다면, 경쟁사의 해당 디자인 사용은 상표법상 입체상표 또는 부정경쟁방지법상 트레이드 드레스 침해가 성립될 것이다. 실제로 디자인에 대한 이러한 중접적인 법적 보호는 동시에 또는 순차적으로 발생하게 된다. 실제로 지적재산권의 권리자는 디자인이 식별력을 갖춘 경우, 디자인의 법적 보호를 위해 세 가지 유형의 각기 다른 별개의 지적재산권법 모두를 유용하게 활용할 수 있다. 즉, 창작적 디자인의 초기 개발 단계에서는 저작권 또는 디자인권에 의한 법적 보호방식을 취하고, 이후 시간이 지남에 따라 자타상품 식별 및 출처표시로서 2차적 의미를 획득하게 되면 상표권으로 등록하여 반영구적으로 독점권을 획득할 수 있다. 결론적으로 디자인에 대하여 중첩되는 지적재산권법상 보호가 존재한다는 것은 의심의 여지가 없다. 이처럼 고부가가치를 창출할 수 있는 디자인에 대하여 중첩적인 지적재산권에 보호를 활용할 수 있게 된다면 디자인 개발자에게 지적재산권법에 의한 구제수단을 확보하는데 유용한 보다 전략적인 법적 보호 기반을 제공하게 될 것이다. Since design has a growing impact on the success or failure of the economy and companies worldwide, and has become a key part of the public and consumers, it is essential to consider not only its utility and functional factors but also its appearance and decorative design in order to be competitive. In the age of innovative new technologies, product development and technological progress are growing at a faster pace, so it is no exaggeration to say that “design is the only thing that differentiates one product from another” in modern consumer culture. According to the Korea Institute of Design Promotion’s “2020 Korea Design Statistical Data”, the economic value of design in 2019 was estimated at 128 trillion KRW, but the value of design will be further increased thanks to future technology development. In addition, if entrepreneurs, designers, etc. do not protect investment in innovation, the lack of legal protection of designs, may pose a risk of loss and failing to properly recover investments. For this reason, it is necessary to consider how intellectual property laws can be used to protect the strategic protection of designs. In the existing intellectual property law systems, there are three types of design protection laws, copyright laws, and trademark laws in relation to design (product design, brand design, technology design, etc.). Therefore, in the case of design, various types of protection can be obtained under the Intellectual Property Law. For example, in the case of creative design, copyrights arises without registration, and design rights can be registered if they are developed as products and meet the requirements of industrial availability, novelty, and creativity under the Design Protection Act. Of course, most designs created by individuals will be sufficient under copyright law, but product design and industrial design need to be registered with the Korean Intellectual Property Office as design rights to clarify legal rights. In addition, a right arises only if the requirements for creativity are met, but if it is also registered as a design right, it has the advantage that the burden of proof is switched even in a copyright dispute. Furthermore, if it reaches a level of fame and prominence, it can be registered as a trademark and protected. Considering that the protection period under the Design Protection Act is 20 years, it can also be useful to register as a design right in the initial stages of design development, and to register as a semi-permanent monopoly trademark rights by renewal every 10 years. However, if such overlapping intellectual property law protection arises for a design, there may be concerns about the existence of a monopoly under another type of law when the protection period under a particular type of law expires. For example, if design rights were protected by a three-dimensional shape mark or trade dress at the expiration of the design rights protection period, competitors’ use of the design would violate the trade dress law. Indeed, this overlapping legal protection of the design occurs simultaneously or sequentially. Indeed, intellectual property rights holders can use all three different types of separate intellectual property laws to legally protect the design if the design is distinctive. That is, in the early stages of development of creative design, legal protection by copyright or design rights, and after that, secondary meaning as distinctiveness and source indicator of goods can be registered as trademarks and acquired semi-permanently. Consequently, there is no doubt that overlapping intellectual property law protections exist for designs. The use of overlapping intellectual property rights protection for such high value-added designs would provide design developers with a more strategic legal protection basis that would be useful in securing remedies under the Intellectual Property Law.

누가 사전투표제에 참여했는가?

김도경(Kim Do Kyung) 21세기정치학회 2014 21세기 정치학회보 Vol.24 No.3

The purpose of this study is to study the characteristics of those who participated in early voting in the Sixth Local Election. To evaluate the effects of early voting on voter turnout, I used the dataset of a post-election survey of the Sixth Local Election to find empirical evidence. The study focused on questions such as “Who participated in the election?”, “Who participated in early voting?” and “Who voted early?” The results show that people who participated in early voting were voters who did not reside in the place of resident registration, and were more interested in the election or politics. Furthermore, people who were interested in the election were more likely to vote early among the days of early voting for identifying with a party. As a result, even though early voting had some effect on increasing voter turnout, it has had a limited persuasive force on those who tended not to vote. That is, early voting systems have the so-called “dispersing effect” which means likely voters have more election days in which to cast their ballots.

19대 총선에서의 박근혜 영향력에 관한 연구 : 사상구 유권자 여론조사를 중심으로

김도경(Do-Kyung Kim) 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2013 동서연구 Vol.25 No.4

본 논문의 연구 목적은 19대 총선에서의 박근혜 영향력을 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위해 사상구에서 실시한 선거 후 여론조사 자료를 이용하여, 박근혜 영향력의 실제와 특징, 그리고 유권자의 투표행태를 분석했다. 연구 결과는 박근혜의 사상구 방문 및 직간접적 선거운동을 통한 손수조의 지지활동은 사상구 유권자의 거의 절반에 긍정적 영향을 주었다. 일반적으로 연령이 높을수록, 학력수준이 낮을수록, 소득수준이 낮을수록, 영남지역 출생 유권자일수록 영향을 크게 받았다. 그리고 보수적 정치이념을 가질수록, 새누리당 지지자일수록, 박근혜를 차기 대선 후보로 지지할수록 영향을 크게 받았다. 그러나 박근혜의 영향력은 기존의 새누리당 지지자나 박근혜 개인 지지자들이 손수조 에게 투표하게 하는 재강화효과는 있었으나, 중립이나 반대진영 유권자들이 손수조에게 투표하도록 바꾸지는 못한 한계가 있었다. The purpose of this study is to analyze Park Geun-Hye’s influence in the 19 th National Assembly Election. The results show that Park’s campaign for Sohn Soo-Jo who was an MP candidate for the Saenuri Party had a positive influence on the Sasang-Gu constituency of Busan. Generally speaking, Park’s influence strongly affected the elderly, less educated, poor, and Youngnam natives. It also affected more conservative voters, Saenuri party s identifiers, and those who considered Park Geun-Hye as the party’s next presidential candidate. Although Park’s influence had a reinforcement effect which means supporters of Saenuri Party or Park herself tended to vote for Sohn, it had limited persuasive force on opposition parties identifiers as well as independents.

투표시간 연장과 투표율 관계에 관한 연구

김도경(Kim Do Kyung) 21세기정치학회 2015 21세기 정치학회보 Vol.25 No.4

Is there a relationship between the extension of voting hours and voter turnout? To evaluate the effect of the extension of voting hours on voter turnout, I used the dataset from post-election surveys from the Ninetieth General Election and other aggregate voting data to find empirical evidence. The results show that people who voted early on the day of election day were older, had a low level of education, were more interested in the election/politics and those who made their voter choice before election day. In addition, the data showed that non-regular workers tend to face difficulties in voting due to the conditions of their work place. These voters were likely to vote at dawn/early in the morning or in the evening toward the end of regular voting time. My results show that there is a positive relationship between the extension of voting hours and voter turnout.

남성노인에 있어 심폐체력과 C-반응성 단백질과의 관련성

김도경 ( Do Kyung Kim ),안의수 ( Eue Soo Ann ) 한국운동영양학회 2007 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.11 No.1