듀얼모드 통신 지원 임베디드 리눅스 기반의 모바일 이야기꾼 설계 및 구현

김도형,윤민홍,이경희,이철훈,Kim, Do-Hyung,Yun, Min-Hong,Lee, Kyung-Hee,Lee, Cheol-Hoon 한국정보처리학회 2008 정보처리학회논문지D Vol.15 No.1

본 논문에서는 음성통화를 위해 CDMA 네트워크와 데이터 통신을 위해 와이브로 네트워크를 동시에 사용하는 최초의 임베디드 리눅스 기반 듀얼모드 응용 서비스인 모바일 이야기꾼의 구현에 대해서 기술한다. 현재 와이브로 상용 서비스와 함께 두 개의 이종 네트워크를 지원하는 단말이 출시되었지만, 이들 네트워크를 효과적으로 사용하여 사용자에게 보다 나은 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 응용 서비스의 개발은 미비한 실정이다. 모바일 이야기꾼은 사용자가 듀얼모드 지원 단말에서 텍스트를 입력하면, 와이브로 네트워크를 통해 인터넷 상의 TTS 서버로 전달한다. TTS 서버는 전달된 텍스트를 음성으로 변환하고, 변환된 음성 데이터를 듀얼모드 지원 단말로 다시 전달한다. 듀얼모드 지원 단말은 수신된 음성 데이터를 CDMA 네트워크를 통해 수신자에게 전송하게 된다. 구현된 모바일 이야기꾼은 주위가 시끄러운 환경이나 언어 장애가 있는 사람도 CDMA를 통한 음성 통화를 가능하게 한다. This paper describes the implementations of the first application service based on embedded Linux; Mobile Teller which uses WiBro network for data communications and CDMA network for voice communications. Currently, with the appearance of WiBro service, dual-mode terminals which support two heterogeneous networks are available. But, the development of applications which effectively use these networks for providing better service to user is rarely prepared. At Mobile Teller, when a sender on a dual-mode terminal types texts, the texts are transmitted to a TTS server located in the Internet through WiBro network. Subsequently, the TTS server converts the texts into voices and transmits the voice data to the dual-mode terminal. At last the dual-mode terminal sends the voice to the receiver through the CDMA network. In case of noisy environment or when a user has difficulty in speaking, Mobile Teller makes voice communication possible

염류집적 농경지 제염기술에 대한 경제성분석 - 작물생산량을 기준으로

김도형,최정희,김이열,남창모,백기태,Kim, Do-Hyung,Choi, Jeong-Hee,Kim, Lee-Yul,Nam, Chang-Mo,Baek, Ki-Tae 한국지하수토양환경학회 2012 지하수토양환경 Vol.17 No.5

In this study, economic analysis of five desalination technologies for saline agricultural land was carried out. The analysis was comprehensively evaluated by calculating changes in crop production and benefit/cost (B/C) ratio. The analysis of crop production was in the order of tomato > cucumber > a (musk) melon > watermelon > cabbage, and economical efficiency for desalination technology was in the order of soil exchange > soil addition > electrokinetics > under-drainage > subsoil reversal. In cost benefit analysis, B/C ratio was in the order of under-drainage > soil exchange > electrokinetics > soil addition > subsoil reversal, and all desalination technologies used in this study have the ratio higher than 1, which means economical efficiency was high. Based on the net production considering B/C ratio, the general economic analysis was exactly order from that of crop production analysis. As a result, economical efficiency of soil exchange was highest, and economical efficiency of soil addition and electrokinetic was relatively higher than others.

한방의료기관에서의 감기 진료에 대한 일반인의 인식 조사

김도형,조민경,홍미나,최준용,Kim, Do-hyung,Cho, Min-kyoung,Hong, Min-na,Choi, Jun-yong 대한한방내과학회 2017 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.38 No.3

Objective: This study investigated the perception, utilization, and satisfaction (in the general population), of the common cold treatment at the Korean Medical Clinic, to provide basic information for the development of Korean medicine clinical practice guidelines for the common cold. Method: A questionnaire was developed that consisted of questions about the general perception, utilization status, degree of satisfaction, willingness to use, and the improvement of the common cold treatment at the Korean Medical Clinic. An online survey was conducted using this questionnaire. Results: Three-hundred subjects responded to the survey. The results of the analysis were as follows. 1. 73.7% of the subjects recognized the common cold treatment at the Korean Medical Clinic. 2. 72% of the subjects had a positive perception of Korean medicine for common cold treatment. The major reason for the positive perception was the expectation about improving immunity and preventing recurrence. 3. Only 20% of the subjects had visited the Korean Medical Clinic for common cold treatment. The expensive cost was the major reason for not visiting the Korean Medical Clinic for common cold treatment. 4. The ratio of subjects who were willing to visit the Korean Medical Clinic for common cold treatment was 70%. 5. The expansion of health insurance coverage (67.7%), the activation of public relations (54.7%), and the development of a new herb medicine preparation that was easy to take (43.3%) were found to be necessary for improving the Korean medical service for common cold treatment. Conclusion: In spite of high recognition and positive perception, actual utilization of common cold treatment at the Korean Medical Clinic was relatively low. Multifaceted efforts are necessary to enhance the competitiveness of Korean medical service for treatment of the common cold.

논리 프로그램의 병렬 수행에서 재초기화 알고리즘의 정확성 증명을 위한 참조 집합 : 직관적 접근

김도형,최광무(Do-Hyung Kim),Kwang-Moo Choe 한국정보과학회 1996 정보과학회논문지(B) Vol.23 No.3

논리 프로그램(logic program)의 병렬 수행 시, 중요한 작업 중의 하나인 재초기화(resetting)를 수행하기 위한 알고리즘들의 정확성(correctness) 증명을 위한 기준을 제시한다. 많은 연구자들이 논리 프로그램의 병렬 수행을 위한 수행 모형을 제안한 바 있고, 그것과 관련하여 재초기화를 효율적으로 처리하기 위한 알고리즘들을 제시하였다. 그러나 그 알고리즘들이 올바르게 작동하는 지에 대해서는 분명한 언급이 없는 경우가 많았다. 본 논문에서는 정확성에 대한 판단을 내릴 수 있는 기준을 도출한다. 이 도출 과정은 직관적으로 보아 명백한 사실에 대한 관찰로부터 유도되는 식으로 이루어진다. 도출된 정확성 판단 기준에 근거하여 기존의 재초기화 방법들을 점검하고, 보다 효율적이라고 판단되는 재초기화 방법도 서술한다. A criterion for the correctness proof of resetting algorithms in parallel execution of logic programs is suggested in the paper. Many researchers have proposed various execution models to exploit parallelism in logic programs, thus various algorithms to handle resetting efficiently. It is, however, hardly mentioned whether those algorithms are "really" correct in every case. In this paper, we devise a yardstick which may serve for probing the correctness of resetting algorithms. This criterion is derived from observations that are intuitively clear. According to the derived criteria, we analytically review existing schemes for resetting, and describe another new resetting method which seems to be more efficient than others.

지방산 생합성 관련 유전자 결손 Bacillus subtilis 균주들의 저온충격 민감성 생장

김도형,이상수,Kim, Do Hyung,Lee, Sang Soo 한국미생물학회 2018 미생물학회지 Vol.54 No.1

저온 환경에서의 생장에 영향을 주는 지방산 합성 관련 유전자 bkdR, sigL, yplP, des들의 역할을 알아보기 위하여 각각 유전자들이 상실된 Bacillus subtilis CU1065와 JH642 돌연변이들을 제조하였다. 이들 유전자들의 저온 민감성을 확인하기 위해 $37^{\circ}C$와 $15^{\circ}C$에서 세포들의 생장을 측정하였다. $37^{\circ}C$에서 야생형과 결실 돌연변이 균주는 거의 유사한 정도의 생장을 보였으나, $15^{\circ}C$에서 오직bkdR 결실 돌연변이만이 야생형에 비해 매우 느린 생장이 관찰되었으며 sigL, yplP 결실의 경우 야생형에 비해 다소 느리거나 유사한 생장을 보였다. bkdR, sigL, yplP 결실에 대한 이중, 삼중 돌연변이를 만들어 LB agar에서 $20^{\circ}C$로 키워 저온생장을 조사한 결과, bkdR 결실이 포함되지 않은 어떤 이중, 삼중 결실들에서는 저온에 민감한 생장을 보이지 않았다. 온도 민감성 특성을 보다 잘 알아보기 위하여 $37^{\circ}C$에서 $OD_{600}=0.4$까지 키워 $15^{\circ}C$로 온도를 내리는 저온충격 조건에서 생장하는 실험을 진행하였다. 이 실험에서 오직bkdR 결실 돌연변이만이 현저히 낮은 생장을 보였으며 추가적인 des 결실은 저온 민감성을 증가시킨다. bkdR은 branched-chain fatty acid을 합성하는 전구물질인 isoleucine, valine, leucine 아미노산을 생산하는 bkd operon을 활성화한다. bkdR 결실 돌연변이의 저온생장에서 이들 아미노산의 저온생장에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 isoleucine은 bkdR 결실에 대한 저온 민감성을 회복시켜주나 valine은 저온 민감성을 회복시켜 주지 못하는 결과를 보였다. isoleucine은 분해되어 anteiso-branched 지방산 합성의 전구물질로 만들어지는 반면에, valine은 iso-branched 지방산 합성의 전구물질로 만들어진다. 따라서 저온생장에서 branched-chain fatty acid 중 anteiso-branched 지방산이 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. To investigate the role of bkdR, sigL, yplP, and des genes which were known to be involved in fatty acid synthesis and sensitive at low temperature, deletion mutants of Bacillus subtilis CU1065 and JH642 were constructed. To determine the low temperature sensitivity of these genes, we compared the growth curves of cells at $37^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$. At $37^{\circ}C$, wild type and deletion mutants showed almost similar growth but only bkdR deletion strain at $15^{\circ}C$ showed very slow growing compared with wild type. At $15^{\circ}C$ sigL and yplP deletions were somewhat slower or similar to those of wild type strain. Double and triple mutants for bkdR, sigL, yplP deletions were constructed and grown at $20^{\circ}C$ in LB agar to investigate cold sensitive growth. Double or triple deletions including bkdR deletion showed cold sensitive growing. In order to identify more clearly cold sensitive growth, the experiments were carried out under cold shock conditions in which the temperature was lowered from $37^{\circ}C$ to $15^{\circ}C$ at the point of 0.4 optical densities at 600 nm. In these cold shock experiments, only bkdR deletion showed significantly lower growing and additional des deletion increases cold sensitivity. The bkdR activates the bkd operon, which catabolized isoleucine, valine and leucine, amino acids and produce precursors for the synthesis of branched fatty acids. At cold shock growing of bkdR deletion strain, isoleucine recovered cold sensitivity of bkdR deletion but valine did not restore cold sensitivity. Isoleucine is used as a precursor for the synthesis of anteiso-branched fatty acids. On the other hand, valine is used as a precursor for the synthesis of iso-branched fatty acids. This indicates that anteiso-branched fatty acid plays an important role at the cold shock condition.

염류집적 농경지 탈염을 위한 전기역학적 처리공정의 비용산출

김도형,최정희,조성웅,백기태,Kim, Do-Hyung,Choi, Jeong-Hee,Jo, Sung-Ung,Baek, Ki-Tae 한국지하수토양환경학회 2012 지하수토양환경 Vol.17 No.4

In this study, cost analysis of electrokinetic (EK) restoration process for desalination of saline agricultural land was performed for field application based on a pilot scale field application. For reasonable cost analysis, EK process was classified into three major parts: system design, installation and operation. Cost of system installation consists of materials and installation for electrode/electric wire, power supply and data monitoring, drainage system, etc. Operation cost was calculated based on electrical consumption and water charges for EK process. Total cost for EK process was 2,943,013 won for $1000m^2$ in greenhouse area. Cost for system installation was 2,553,786 won, that is, 87% of total cost, while cost for system operation was 389,229 won, that is, 13% of total cost.

백내장 수정체 상피세포의 변형성장인자 발현

김도형,양재욱,박세광,김성두,허준,윤일한,최인학,Do-Hyung Kim,Jae-Wook Yang,Seh-Kwang Park,Sung-Doo Kim,Jun Hur,Ill-Han Yoon,In-Hak Choi 대한안과학회 2005 대한안과학회지 Vol.46 No.8

Purpose: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is recognized as being associated with cataractogenesis. We quantitated the mRNA expression of TGF-β isoforms in cataractous crystalline lens to determine the effect of the isoforms on cataractogenesis. Methods: With lens epithelial cells from thirty eyes in thirty patients, the mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, β2 and β3 were quantitated by real-time SYBR Green polymerase chain reaction and the results were compared according to cataract type and presence of diabetes mellitus. Results: Each isoform mRNA of TGF-β was expressed: TGF-β3 in all 30 eyes, TGF-β1 in 29 eyes (96.7%), with the exception being one diabetic senile cataract, and TGF-β2 in 9 eyes. The amount of TGF-β1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in the diabetic cataracts than in the non-diabetic cataracts (P=0.056). Conclusions: TGF-β was associated with cataractogenesis. It is significant that the expression of TGF-β2 mRNA was decreased in all cataracts. The decrease of TGF-β1 mRNA expression was more meaningful in the diabetic cataracts than in the non-diabetic cataracts.

Ag₂O 첨가량에 따른 0.95(K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃-0.05Li(Sb_0.8Nb_0.2)O₃ 무연 세라믹스의 유전 및 압전특성

김도형,류주현,정영호,Kim, Do-Hyung,Yoo, Ju-Hyun,Jeong, Yeong-Ho 한국전기전자재료학회 2009 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.22 No.11

In this study, $0.95(K_{0.5}Na_{0.5})NbO_3-0.05Li(Sb_{0.8}Nb_{0.2})O_3$ ceramics were investigated as a function of the amount of $Ag_2O$ addition in order to improve dielectric and piezoelectric properties of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. With increasing the amount of $Ag_2O$ addition, density and electromechanical coupling factor ($k_p$) increased up to 0.2 wt.% $Ag_2O$ and decreased above 0.2 wt.% $Ag_2O$. At the sintering temperature of $1020^{\circ}C$, electromechanical coupling factor ($k_p$), density, dielectric constant (${\varepsilon}r$) and curie temperature (Tc) of ceramics with 0.2 wt% $Ag_2O$ showed the optimal values of 0.42, $4.33\;g/cm^3$, 738 and $393^{\circ}C$, respectively.

저온 민감성 바실러스 서브틸리스 돌연변이 균주에서 glycine betaine의 저온 내성에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

김도형,이상수,Kim, Do Hyung,Lee, Sang Soo 한국미생물학회 2018 미생물학회지 Vol.54 No.3

높은 염분 농도에서 glycine betaine은 Bacillus subtilis 안으로 유입되어 세포 생장이 지속될 수 있게 한다. 뿐만 아니라 최근 연구 결과에 따르면 저온에서도 glycine betaine이 세포 생장을 지속시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 저온에서 Bacillus subtilis의 생장을 저해시키는 세포 대사 활동으로는 세포막 운송과 단백질 합성을 들 수 있다. 세포막 구조와 관련하여 저온에서 세포막 운송에 영향을 주는 유전자들로는 bkdR과 des가 있고, 단백질 합성 과정에서 RNA helicase 유전자인 ydbR과 yqfR들은 저온 민감성을 보인다. 따라서 Bacillus subtilis 저온 민감성 유전자 결손 세포들에 대한 glycine betaine의 효과를 조사하여 저온에서의 glycine betaine 생리적 기능에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 이 결과 glycine betaine의 존재 유무에 따라 야생형 Bacillus subtilis와 ydbR과 yqfR 결손 균주의 저온생장에 큰 차이를 보였다($T_d$차이 190~686 min). 반면에 bkdR이나 des 결손균주의 경우에는 glycine betaine 존재 유무에 따라 차이를 보이지 않았다. Glycine betaine의 전구체인 choline으로 대치하여도 저온에서의 생장은 같은 결과를 보였다. Glycine betaine의 영향이 세포막 구조와 관련이 있는 유전자 bkdR과 des 결손균주에 미치는 영향이 적은 것을 알아보기 위해 세포막에 영향을 주는 세제의 효과를 조사하였다. Triton X-100과 N-lauryl sarcosine 세제에 의해 bkdR 결손 균주가 야생형에 비해 더 영향 받는 것을 확인하였고 이는 bkdR 결손이 저온에서 막 구조를 변형하여 glycine betaine의 투과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보인다. At high salt concentration, glycine betaine is transported into Bacillus subtilis and growing rate of the cell is not suppressed. Also according to recent studies, cell growth is maintained normal growth rate at low temperature. Low temperature results in a stress response of Bacillus subtilis that is characterized by strong repression of major metabolic activities such as translation machinery and membrane transport. In this regards, genes showing cold sensitive phenotype are cold-induced DEAD box RNA helicases (ydbR, yqfR) and fatty acid desaturases (bkdR, des). Therefore to understand the effect of glycine betaine on cold growth of Bacillus subtilis, we investigated the effect of glycine betaine on growth rate of these deletion mutants showing cold sensitive phenotype. Glycine betaine strongly stimulated growth of wild type Bacillus subtilis JH642 and deletion mutants of ydbR and yqfR at $20^{\circ}C$ (190~686 min $T_d$ difference). On the other hands, glycine betaine does not show growth promoting effects on deletion mutants of bkdR, and des at cold conditions. Same cold protectant growth results were shown with the precursor choline instead of glycine betaine. We investigated the effects of detergents on the cell membrane in bkdR and des deficient strains associated with cell membrane. It was identified that bkdR deficient strain shows retarded growth with detergent such as Triton X-100 or N-lauryl sarcosine compared with wild type cell. Thus, it is possible that deletion mutation of bkdR modifies membrane structure and effects on transport of glycine betaine.

임베디드 리눅스 기반의 개인 오디오 레코더 서비스 구현

김도형,이경희,이철훈,Kim, Do-Hyung,Lee, Kyung-Hee,Lee, Cheol-Hoon 한국정보처리학회 2008 정보처리학회논문지D Vol.15 No.2

본 논문에서는 음성통화를 위해 CDMA 네트워크와 데이터 통신을 위해 와이브로 네트워크를 동시에 사용하는 임베디드 리눅스 기반의 듀얼모드 응용 서비스인 개인 오디오 레코더의 구현에 대해서 기술한다. 개인 오디오 레코더는 듀얼모드 지원 단말에 탑재된 클라이언트에서 음성 녹음을 시작하면, 송신자와 수신자의 CDMA 음성 데이터가 와이브로 네트워크를 통해 인터넷 상의 저장 서버로 전달된다. 개인 오디오 레코더 서버는 통화 번호 및 통화 시간을 기준으로 음성 데이터를 서버에 저장하게 된다. 구현된 개인 오디오 레코더는 단말의 저장공간이 부족한 환경에서도 음성 통화 내용을 저장할 수 있도록 한다. 그리고, 개인 오디오 레코더는 서버에 저장된 통화 목록을 검색하여, 특정 통화 내용을 재생할 수 있다. This paper describes the implementations of the application service based on embedded Linux; Personal Audio Recorder (PAR) which uses WiBro network for data communications and CDMA network for voice communications. At PAR, when PAR client starts voice recording on a dual-mode terminal, the CDMA voice data of caller and callee is transmitted to storage server located in the Internet through WiBro network. Then, PAR server stores voice data on storage server according to the call number and call time. In case of shortage of storage space on terminal, PAR makes user to store voice data. And, PAR can search a catalog of stored data on server and play the specific content.