DTC(Direct-to-Consumer) 유전자 검사에 대한 효용성 관점의 한계와 정치적 대안 모색

정진화 한국정치사상학회 2020 정치사상연구 Vol.26 No.2

With the development of human genome analysis technologies, modern society has now entered an era in which consumers can directly purchase genetic testing services without the need for going through medical institutions. However, Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing (DTC GT) currently faces sharp divides over its effectiveness and among the pros and cons centered on its ultimate utility. In response, this paper examines utilitarianism, which is the theoretical foundation of the utility viewpoint at the level of political thought, and considers its limitations, problems, and political alternatives. A suitable response to the developments of genetic engineering, including the growing availability of DTC GT, inevitably demands an active role from the domains of politics and democracy. And yet it remains difficult to find a variety of studies on this application of political thought. At this point in time, efforts to consider the issues surrounding DTC GT based on political considerations are insufficient, but their expansion holds the potential to spark a convergence of various interdisciplinary studies among a wide variety of subsequent research. 인간 유전체 분석 기술의 발전으로 현대사회는 소비자가 의료기관을 통하지 않고 직접 유전자 검사 서비스를 구매할 수 있는 시대에 접어들었다. 하지만 소비자 직접 구매 유전자 검사(Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Test: DTC GT)는 현재 효용성을 중심으로 찬반입장이 첨예하게 대립하고 있는 상황이다. 이에 본 논문은 정치사상 차원에서 효용성 관점의 이론적 토대가 되는 공리주의를 살펴보고 그 한계와 문제점을 고찰한 뒤 정치적 대안을 모색해보았다. DTC GT를 비롯해 유전공학의 발전에 따르는 문제에 대한 대응은 결국 정치와 민주주의의 역할로 귀결될 수밖에 없지만 이에 대한 정치학 차원의 다양한 연구들은 아직 찾아보기 어려운 실정이다. 이러한 시점에 정치사상을 토대로 DTC GT에 대한 문제를 고찰하려는 노력은 부족하지만 다양한 학제간 융합과 후속연구를 촉발하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

Farmer’s age, technology adoption, and income: a case of the elderly-friendly technology in South Korea

정진화,김새봄 한국농업경제학회 2017 農業經濟硏究 Vol.58 No.3

This paper analyzes the effect of farmers’ age on the adoption of new agricultural technology and farm household income for the case of elderly-friendly new technology. Considering the endoge-neity of technology adoption, a two-stage estimation method was applied. Empirical analysis was conducted using the survey data of 265 strawberry farmers in South Korea. The empirical results confirm the significant income effect of technology adoption of farmers, but no income effect of farmers’ age once controlled for technology adoption. Farmers’ age also does not reduce the proba-bility of adopting new technology when controlled for the differences in technology acceptability, whereas farmers’ technology acceptability significantly raises the probability of technology adoption. Put differently, it is not farmers’ age but their technology acceptability level that determines the adoption of new technology and subsequently farm household income, at least in the case of eld-erly-friendly technology. It thus suggests that, facing the rapidly aging rural sectors, measures need to be taken to promote the development of elderly-friendly technology and enhance farmers’ technol-ogy acceptability level so that they are apt enough to adopt newly developed technology. Further research is called for to investigate whether this age-technology acceptability-technology adoption nexus holds for non-elderly-friendly technology.

영유아천명후 기관지천식으로의 이행에 미치는 부모이 아토피와 기관지과민성의 영향

정진화,김유영,김윤근,이명현,민경업,지영구,조상헌,고영률 대한알레르기학회 1998 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.18 No.4

Background: Many young children suffer from wheezing illness during viral respiratory infection, and some of them experience wheezing many years later and ultimately develop bronchial asthma. It is not clear whether atopy or bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the family is a significant risk factor for asthma in this clinical setting. Objective: To examine the genetic basis for the development of asthma after early childhood wheezing. Materials and methods : A measurement of serum total IgE concentration, skin prick test to common inhalant allergens, and methacholine bronchial provocation test were performed in 29 asthmatic children and their parents, and 22 non-asthmatic children with the past history of wheezing illness during the first three years of age and their parents. A questionnaire was performed to assess the presence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in the parents. Results : Positive skin test response to common inhalant allergens was more prevalent in asthmatics than in non-asthmatics(67.8% vs. 27.2%). Serum total IgE concentration was significantly higher in asthmatics than in non-asthmatics(geometric mean: 173 vs. 83 IU/ml). Positive skin test response to comman inhalant allergens was more prevalent in parents of asthmatics than in thoae of non-asthmatics(51.7% vs. 25.0%), but serum total IgE level was not different between the two groups(geometric mean: 132 vs. 120 IU/ml). Positive rate of methacholine bronchial provocation test, geometric mean of PC20-methacholine, and BR index were not different between the parents of asthmatics and non-asthmatics (18.1% vs. 13.9%; 164 vs. 180 mg/ml; 1.154 ±0.077 vs. 1.055 ±60.068, respectively). Conclusion : It is suggested that personal atopy is important in the development of asthma after early childhood wheezing, and parental atopy rather than bronchial hyperresponsiveness is a risk factor for the development of childhood asthma in this clinical setting.

컨베이어 추적을 위한 로보트 매니퓰레이터의 최소시간궤적 계획 ( Minimum-time Trajectory Planning of a Robot Manipulator for Conveyor Tracking )

정진화,윤기호,정선태 대한전자공학회 1994 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1994 No.7

단거리 달리기 WBI(Web Based Instruction) 자료의 개발 및 수업적용에 관한 연구

정진화,김동준,김정하 한국스포츠리서치 2002 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.13 No.2

바이오파놉티콘(bio-panopticon)과 생명 감시사회

정진화 성신여자대학교 동아시아연구소 2022 국가와 정치 Vol.28 No.1

Amid the pandemic situation and changes in the medical paradigm, countries around the world are paying attention to bio-big data. Bio-big data is the most accurate and precise information that can identify an individual, and can contribute to various fields such as prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases as well as criminal investigation and search for missing persons. But if misuse and abuse occur in the process of collecting, analyzing, and using this information, it has the potential to become a ‘bio-panopticon’ with tremendous power as a new monitoring and control device. Therefore, this paper analyzes the characteristics of bio-panopticon based on Foucault’s panopticism theoretically and analyzes the problem that it can monitor life itself beyond time and space over mass surveillance. This study is expected to contribute to promoting interdisciplinary convergence and follow-up research between biotechnology and political science and deriving political implications in a situation where various problems are being raised around advanced biotechnology in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. 팬데믹 상황과 의료 패러다임의 변화 속에서 세계 각국은 바이오 빅데이터에 주목하고 있다. 바이오 빅데이터는 개인을 가장 정확하고 정밀하게 식별할 수 있는 정보로서 질병의 예방 · 진단 · 치료 뿐 아니라 범죄수사와 실종자 수색 등 다양한 분야에 기여할 수 있지만 이러한 정보를 수집 · 분석 · 활용하는 과정에서 오 · 남용이 일어난다면 새로운 감시와 통제의 장치로서 엄청난 위력을 갖는 ‘바이오 파놉티콘’(biopanopticon) 이 될 수도 있다. 이에 본 논문은 푸코의 파놉티시즘을 이론적 토대로바이오 파놉티콘의 특징을 분석하고 이것이 대중 감시를 넘어 생명 자체를 감시할수 있는 문제에 대해 분석하였다. 이러한 연구는 제4차 산업혁명 시대에 첨단 생명공학 기술을 둘러싸고 다양한 문제가 제기되고 있는 상황에서 생명공학과 정치학의학제간 융합과 후속연구를 촉진하고 정치적 함의를 도출하는데 기여할 수 있으리라기대한다.

신체놀이와 쌓기놀이가 유아의 운동능력, 인지능력, 사회성, 공간능력에 미치는 효과 비교

정진화,민가혜 학습자중심교과교육학회 2022 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.22 No.19

Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the effects between physical play and block play on young children’s motor ability, cognitive ability, sociality, and spatial ability. Methods Thirty young children were included in this study as the subjects, and their average age was 57.76 (SD=3.31) months. Experimental group1 and experimental group2 were selected randomly. Experimental group1 was applied in physical play and Experimental group2 was applied in block play for 4weeks. ‘Motor Proficiency Test for Young Children,’ ‘K-WIPPSI-Ⅳ’, ‘The Bronson Social and Task Skill Profile’, ‘Children’s mathematical ability test(spatial ability)’ were used in collection of data, and t-test for analyzing them. Results As the results, the scores of the physical play group's motor activity and sociality were significantly higher than the scores of the block play group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the two groups in overall cognitive ability, but it was found that the physical play group significantly improved than the block play group in verbal comprehension, fluid reasoning, and working memory, which are sub-area of cognitive ability. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the overall spatial ability, but it was found that the block play group significantly improved than the physical play group in the figure comprehension, a sub-area of the spatial ability. Conclusions The results of this study showed that physical play was more effective than block play in enhancing motor ability, sociality, and cognitive ability. It was found that block play enhances children's spatial ability more effectively than physical play. This reveals that children's physical play and building play were positive for children's development, and suggests that there is more effective play in a specific developmental area. 목적 본 연구의 목적은 신체놀이와 쌓기놀이가 유아의 운동능력, 인지능력, 사회성, 공간능력에 미치는 효과를 비교 분석하는데 있다. 방법 본 연구대상은 만 4세 반에 재원중인 유아 총 30명이었으며 평균월령은 57.76개월(SD=3.31)이었다. 실험집단1과 실험집단2를 무선으로 선정한 후 실험집단1에는 신체놀이를 실험집단2에는 쌓기놀이를 4주간 처치하였다. ‘운동능력척도(MPTYC)’, ‘K-WIPPSI-Ⅳ’, ‘Bronson의 사회과업 기술척도’, ‘유아그림수학능력 검사(공간능력)’ 검사 도구로 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 t-검증으로 효과를 분석하였다. 결과 신체놀이 집단이 쌓기놀이 집단보다 운동능력, 사회성에서 유의미하게 증진된 것으로 밝혀졌다. 한편, 전체 인지능력에서 두집단 간의 유의미한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 인지능력의 하위영역인 언어이해, 유동추론, 작업기억에서 신체놀이 집단이쌓기놀이 집단보다 유의미하게 증진된 것으로 나타났다. 전체 공간능력에서 두 집단 간의 유의미한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났으나공간능력의 하위영역인 도형에서 쌓기놀이 집단이 신체놀이 집단보다 유의미하게 증진된 것으로 나타났다. 결론 본 연구의 결과는 신체놀이가 쌓기놀이보다 운동능력, 사회성, 인지능력을 증진시키는데 더욱 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 유아의 공간능력은 쌓기놀이가 신체놀이보다 더욱 효과적으로 증진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 유아의 신체놀이와 쌓기놀이가 유아의발달에 긍정적임을 밝히고, 특정 발달영역에 더욱 효과적인 놀이가 있음을 시사한다.

사슴의 제왕절개수술

정진화 대한수의사회 1984 대한수의사회지 Vol.20 No.11

논문 : 음주와 범죄: 실증적인 증거와 정책효과 비교를 중심으로

정진화,이윤석 한국산업조직학회 2016 한국산업조직학회 정책세미나 논문집 Vol.2016 No.1

본 논문은 시도 경찰청의 유형별 범죄 자료와 패널고정효과 모형을 이용하여 알코올소비량과 범죄 사이의 인과관계를 규명하고, 범죄 유형별로 알코을 관리정책과 범죄 억지정책을 효과를 비교한다. 특히 알코올 소비량과 범죄사이의 내생성 문제를 해소하기 위하여 도구변수를 도입한다. 기존 문헌에서 도구변수로 사용했던 지방주세는 알코올에 대한 지역 정부의 의지를 반영할 뿐 아니라 지역별, 시점별 세율의 변화 폭이 크지 않아 통계적인 신뢰성을 확보하기 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구는 주세율을 도구변수로 사용하는 대신, 한국인의 알코올 소비량 중 70%를 점하는 소주 산업의 수직적 제약구조를 이용하여 도구변수를 도출한다. 또한 억지정책의 효과를 검토하기 위해 검거율, 기소율, 사형선고 등 주요 억지정책 변수를 사용하였다. 본 논문의 실증분석 결과에 따르면 경찰의 검거율은 강력범죄, 재산범죄, 경제범죄 모두와 유의한 음(-)의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타난 반면, 알코올올 소비량은 오직 강력범죄와 양(+)의 관계가 관찰되었다. 또한 경찰의 예방활동은 재산범죄와 음(-)의 관계가 있는 것으로 분석되었으며, 검찰 기소율은 경제범죄와 음(-)의 관계가 식별되었다.

소족지 중족골통을 동반한 무지 외반증에서의 변형 스카프 절골술

정진화,정현우,주인탁,Chung, Jin-Wha,Jung, Hyun-Woo,Chu, In-Tak 대한족부족관절학회 2008 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiological and clinical results of modified scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus with lesser metatarsalgia. Materials and Methods: Total 19 patients (24 feet) were reviewed by medical records and radiographs. All patients were female and the mean age at the time of operation was 46.4 years. The mean follow-up time was 14.8 months. We modified original scarf osteotomy by adding the procedure of closing wedge osteotomy at the medial side of distal fragment for achieving of the supination of the first metatarsal head. Additionally, Akin osteotomy of the first proximal phalanx was done in 16 patients (20 feet) and no lesser metatarsal operation was done. First-second intermetatarsal, hallux valgus and distal metatarsal articular angles were analyzed radiologically before and after the operation. And 3-dimensional CT was used to evaluate the supination of the first metatarsal head. Clinical results were assessed by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and persistence of lesser metatarsalgia. Results: First-second intermetatarsal and hallux valgus angles were reduced from the mean pre-operative values of $14.2^{\circ}$ and $32.5^{\circ}$ to $8^{\circ}$ and $12.5^{\circ}$, respectively, 12 months after the operation. And the supination of the first metatarsal head was confirmed by 3-dimensional CT. The mean AOFAS score improved from 41.4 points pre-operatively to 87.2 points at follow-up. Lesser metatarsalgia still remained in 2 patients (2 feet). Conclusion: Modified scarf osteotomy would be an effective surgical procedure, especially, for achieving downward displacement and supination of the first metatarsal head in hallux valgus with lesser metatarsalgia.