한라산 아고산대 구상나무군락의 물질생산과 탄소수지

장래하 ( Rae Ha Jang ),최재윤 ( Jae Yun Choi ),유영한 ( Young Han You ) 한국환경생태학회 2014 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2014 No.2

본 연구는 우리나라 한라산 아고산대에서 구상나무림의 물질생산, 탄소분포와 탄소수지에 대하여 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 구상나무림의 현존량은 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 와 2013에 각각 98. 88, 106. 42, 107. 67, 108. 31와 91. 48ton/ha 유기탄소량은 44. 5, 47. 89, 48. 45, 48. 74와 41. 17 ton C/ha 이었다. 순생산량은 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 년에 각각 11. 40, 7. 41, 0. 05 와 -9. 46 ton ha-1yr-1 이었고, 유기탄소 순생산량은 5. 13, 3. 33, 0. 02와 -4. 25 ton C ha-1yr-1 이었다. 2009~2013년 연간 낙엽생산량은 각각 2. 42, 4. 02, 2. 94, 5. 47, 2. 67 ton ha-1yr-1이었고, 낙엽생산량의 유기탄소량은 1. 09, 1. 80, 1. 32, 2. 46, 1. 20 ton C ha-1yr-1. 연간 임상낙엽량 6. 09, 5. 40, 4. 45, 2. 57 ton/ha 임상냑엽량의 유기탄소량은 2. 74, 2. 43, 2. 00, 1. 16 ton C/ha. 토양 20cm까지의 유기탄소축척량은 각각 55. 77, 54. 90, 50. 69, 44. 42, 41. 87 ton C ha-120cm-1. 2012년 토양호흡을 통해 배출된 유기탄소량은 2011, 2012년에 각각 4. 42, 4. 14 ton Cha-1yr-1 이었다. 한라산 구상나무림에서는 2011년에 총 0. 01 ton C ha-1yr-1의 유기탄소를 대기로 방출하였고 2012년에 -8. 39 ton C ha-1yr-1의 유기탄소를 대기로 배출하였다.

Comparison of trophic factors changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8

<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>

2010 해남, 평창, 원주지역 갈대 등 야초류의 이용실태와 사료가치 평가

서성(Sung Seo),한대덕(Dae Duk Han),장선식(Sun Sik Jang),김원호(Won Ho Kim),정민웅(Min Woong Jung),최진혁(Jin Hyuck Choi),김진숙(Jin Sook Kim),김하영(Ha Young Kim),이종경(Joung Kyong Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2012 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 부존 조사료자원 이용으로 수입사료를 줄이고 사료비를 절감하고자 2010년도에 전남 해남(간척지), 강원 평창(강변), 원주(섬강변), 전남 영광(와탄강변) 등 4개 지역에서 갈대와 억새 등 야초 자생지를 탐색하고, 수확·이용실태 조사와 함께 사료가치를 분석하였다. 전남 해남 해남목장 내 갈대(Phragmites communis) 위주의 야초 자생지는 300 ha로 예년에는 2회 곤포작업하여 연간 사일리지로 2,300~2,500톤(ha당 8톤)을 생산하였으나 2010년도는 1회 곤포조제로 사일리지 2,000톤(ha당 7톤)을 생산하였다. 유통가격은 롤 당 53천원으로 ㎏당 110원이었다. 곤포는 전량 자가소비하며, 외부 작업단에 롤 당 26천원의 작업비를 지불하였다. 연간 조수입은 2억 2,260만원이며, 소득은 1억원 수준(345천원/ha)이었다. 초장 150 ㎝의 갈대는 조단백질 8.4%, 상대사료가치 71.9 (건초 5등급), 건물 소화율 60.1%로 사료가치는 볏짚에 비해 약간 나은 것으로 평가되었다. 갈대 사일리지의 사료가치와 유기산 함량은 동일 지역에서 동일한 재료로 사일리지를 조제하더라도 수확시기에 따라 차이가 컸으며(CP 4.7~6.4%, RFV 62.2~78.9, 건물 소화율 41.9~53.9%), 갈대 사일리지의 품질은 수단그라스에 비해 불량하였다. 강원 평창 강변 자생갈대의 사료가치는 초장이 79, 117, 121, 142㎝로 생육이 진행됨에 따라 낮아져, 조단백질은 각각 13.9%에서 7.6%로, 상대사료가치는 90.7 (건초 3등급)에서 76.1 (건초 4등급)로, 건물 소화율은 72.9%에서 54.7%로 감소하였다. 원주 섬강 주변 야초류는 곤포수확 작업에 어려움이 있었으며, 초장 130 cm의 갈대는 조단백질 8.5%, 상대사료가치 82.3 (건초 4등급), 건물 소화율 70.2%로 사료가치는 높았으며, 220㎝의 성숙한 갈대는 조단백질 10.2%, 상대사료가치 65.1 (건초 5등급), 건물 소화율 48.9%로 볏짚 대비 조금 나은 것으로 평가되었다. 전남영광지역에서는 와탄천 주변에 자생하는 갈대를 수거 이용하고자 시도하였으나 경제성이 없어 중단하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여볼 때, 갈대, 억새 등 야초류는 현 상태에서 최대한 수거·이용하되, 사료가치를 유지하고 가축 기호성이 양호한 시기에 수확하는 것이 중요하며, 최소한 볏짚과 비슷하거나 그 이상의 사료가치를 기대하기 위해서는 7월 중순 이전(늦어도 7월까지)에 수확·이용하는 것이 권장된다. This study was carried out in 2010 to investigate the utilization and forage quality of native grasses, such as Phragmites communis which might reduce the cost of feeding domestic cattle. The regions surveyed were the Haenam ranch in Haenam, Pyeongchang, Wonju, and Yeonggwang. In Haenam, yearly silage production harvested from 300 ha was 2,000 MT (7 MT/ha). All of those round bale silages were self-consumed in that region, and marketing price was 50,000 55,000 won per roll (110 won/㎏). Phragmites communis of 150 ㎝ in length contained 8.4% crude protein (CP) with relative feed value (RFV) 71.9 and 60.1% in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), which was somewhat more favorable than forage quality of rice straw. The silage quality of Phragmites communis varied greatly by the time of harvest (CP 4.7 6.4%, RFV 62.2 78.9, and IVDMD 41.9 53.9%), even with the same district and of the same original forage materials. Generally, the quality of Phragmites communis silage of was poorer than that of sorghum * sudangrass hybrid. In Pyeongchang, forage quality of Phragmites communis was decreased from 13.9% to 7.6% in CP, 90.7 to 76.1 in RFV, and 72.9% to 54.7% in IVDMD, as plant was getting mature, from 79 ㎝ to 117 ㎝, 121 ㎝ or to 142 ㎝ in length. In Wonju, the quality values of Phragmites communis of 130 ㎝ in length were 8.5% CP, 82.3 RFV and 70.2% IVDMD, while those of matured grasses of 220 ㎝ in length were lower (10.2% CP, 65.1 RFV and 48.9% IVDMD), but this was a little more favorable than quality of rice straw. In Yeonggwang, feeding Phragmites communis was tried in a Hanwoo feed, but stopped due to low profitability. In conclusion, the overall quality of most native grasses including Phragmites communis in this survey was poor. Therefore, we recommend that Phragmites communis and native grasses should be harvested on June or July to obtain richer forage quality in forage values than rice straw.

초·중·고등학교 학생, 학부모, 일반교사의 보건교육 요구

윤순녕,김영임,최정명,조희순,김영희,박영남,오경순,이분옥,조선녀,조소영,한선희,하영미 韓國學校保健學會 2004 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify needs of health education of the students, parents, general teachers, and health teacher of the elementary, middle, and high schools. Method : 279 schools of elementary, middle, and high school were sampled nonproportionally during the period from June 28 to July 26, 2004 . The data were collected by the questionnaire from 1,888 students, 1,876 parents, 1,695 general teachers, 279 health teachers. A frequency, % and χ2-test were used to analysis by SAS program. Result : 1. It showed that 98.1% of elementary school students, 92.3% of middle school students, 89.6% of high school students answered that they need health education. The most of students, parents, and general teachers had high interests in health education. 2. In the case of students, main causes of needs of health education was 'to prevent diseases or accidents''. But parents answered that it was 'to build up a healthier behavior'. General teachers answered that it was 'more effective systematic and continuous health education'. 3. Over 80% of students, parents, and general teachers about the question of who qualified person is to teach health education as a regular class responded that health teacher is available. Especially 93% of elementary school students answered like that. 4. The most of students, parents, and general teachers answered that health education in the classroom is favorable 1 to 2 hours per week. Conclusion : As results of the study , the majority of students, parents, general teachers agreed needs of health education. Therefore, on the basis of this study, systematic and continuous health education is necessary. Additionally the establishment of independent health subject is required certainly.

초·중·고등학교 학생·학부모·일반교사의 보건교육 영역별 요구도와 보건교육

윤순녕,김영임,최정명,조희순,김영희,박영남,오경순,이분옥,조선녀,조소영,한선희,하영미 韓國學校保健學會 2005 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.18 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of health education in students, their parents and teachers in the elementary, middle and high schools and the current situation of health education class. Method: The subjects of this study were a total of 9450 persons including students, their parents and teachers from 279 schools throughout the country. They were selected through convenient sampling. Data were analyzed through x^(2)­test and ANOVA. Result: Students, their parents and teachers replied that 18 dimensions of health education class (DHEC) are necessary. The four DHEC - healthier life style, sex education, mental health and safety education - showed high educational needs in students, their parents, and teacher. High school students had higher educational need of 'symptom management for daily living' than elementary and middle school students. Students, their parents and teachers in elementary school had higher educational needs of 17 DHEC that those in middle and high school. The percentages of schools with health education class taught by health teachers were 99.2%, 75.5% and 66.0% respectively in elementary, middle and high schools. Health education was given mainly using physical education classes at elementary schools, and creative class hours at middle and high schools. In general, health education took 1-3 hours per week at elementary schools, and less than an hour at middle and high schools. Conclusion: Therefore, based on the results, systematic health education class should begin from elementary school to meet the need of health education in students, their parents and teachers, and further study should be made on the number of hours required and the amount of contents of 18 DHEC.

정신분열병 환자의 양극성 정동장애 환자에 있어서 인지기능장애의 비교

최영택,박영남,하재창 大韓神經精神醫學會 1988 신경정신의학 Vol.27 No.4

In order to compare the cognitive functions between schizophrenia and mania, the author administered mini-mental state (MMS), mental test score(MTS) and Korean Wechsler intelligence scale(KWIS) for 30 schizophrenic and 20 manic hospitalized patients. No significant diffrences were found between schizophrenic patients and manic patients on the scores of MMS and MTS. Schizophrenic patients had significantly lower scores than manic patients on the subscales of 'comprehension' 'arithmetic', 'similarities' and 'picture arrangement' of KWIS, but no significant differences were found between both groups on the subscales of 'information' and 'block design' of KWIS. These findings suggested that schizophrenic patients might be more impaired than manic patients on the cognitive functions which required more complex, abstract and logical thinking or sustanied attention, but those cognitive functions which required only simple memory of spontaneous visuomotor tasks might not be so impaired.

民俗씨름 競技의 先攻擊 效果 硏究

河永俊,崔勤植 仁荷大學校 스포츠科學硏究所 1996 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study was that earlier attack was important factor or not in professional sirum tournament in 1995. The subject were included 281 professional sirum players. The measurement of earlier attack's effect was the case of win the game, lose the game, and no effect on the game.(not win nor lose) Time of earlier attack was measured an unit for 1/10sec. by stop watch. Players' weight were final match, semi-final, quarter, semi-quarter and earlier attack included hand technic, leg technic, waist technic and complex technic. These data were analyzed for CHI-SQUARE in SPSSx and conclusions were as follows; 1. Earlier attack was effective.(p<.05) 2. Most effect of earlier attack was appeared by waist technic.(p.05) 3. Effect of earlier attack was not appeared in significant level(95%) by game grade, players' weight and time of earlier attack.

炭素纖維補强板에 의한 콘크리트 龜裂의 補修補强에 관한 基礎的 硏究

崔鳳鎭,文鍾健,宋河永,金乙鏞 大田産業大學校 1998 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.15 No.1

Recently, it has been reported frequently that there exist early-stage deterioration such as cracking, scaling in many concrete structures due to the defect of construction and the environmental pollution. This paper was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of carbon fibre reinforced strips (CFRS) methods attached on cracks in concrete in order to repair and rehabilitate the damaged concrete structures mixed by 3 kinds of water-cement ratio and 2 kinds of aggregate. The test results presented that the CFRS method attached on the bottom of cracked concrete specimen appeared the most effective properties.

금강유역 수질오염 실태조사

최신석,오희목,강명규,조통래,이규승,유종국,이영하 忠南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1988 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.1

조사 구역 상류 지점의 평균 수질은 pH가 7.1, DO가 8.3mg/ℓ, BOD가 1.7mg/ℓ, COD가 1.7mg/ℓ, SS가 15.4mg/ℓ, 분변성 대장균이 1.1x10³ MPN/100ml고 상수원 수 1급 내지 2급의 양호한 상태이고 하류지점의 수질은 pH가 6.8, DO가 7.7mg/ℓ, BOD가 2.2mg/ℓ, COD가 2.4mg/ℓ, 분변성 대장균이 1.7x10³MPN/100ml로 상수원 수 2급 내지 3급의 상태를 나타내 하류로 내려가면서 오염도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 청주시의 영향을 크게 받는 미호천 하류의 평균수질은 pH가 7.2, DO가 6.3mg/ℓ, BOD가 16.2mg/ℓ, COD가 15.1mg/ℓ, 분변성 대장균이 1.6x10??MPN/100ml로 심각한 오염 상태를 보여 청주시와 대전시가 금강 본류의 주 수질 오염원으로 나타났다. 영양 염류 (NH₃-N, NO₂-N, NO₃-N, PO₄-P)와 무기성 유해 성분 (Cl-, CN-, F-)의 함량은 지천의 일부 지점을 제외하고는 극히 낮은 수준으로 검출되었으며, 유기인, 페놀류, PCB 성분은 조사기간 중 전혀 검출되지 않았다. 또한 Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb, Cd, Hg등의 중금속은 검출되지 않거나 하천 수질 기준 또는 식용수 수질 기준의 허용치를 초과하지 않는 양호한 수준으로 나타났다.

광플리커링에 대한 조도측정법의 적용

최영하,송중호 서울産業大學校 2005 논문집 Vol.54 No.3

철도차량 내에서 발생하는 전원변동에 의한 폴리커현상은 차량객차 내의 조명부하에 가장 예민한 영향을 미치고 있다. 이러한 전등부하의 광플리커현상을 평가하기 위하여, 현장에서 측정하기가 보다 손쉬운 조도계를 이용하여 플리커지수를 평가하는 실질적인 방법을 제시하고 있다. 조도계의 조도량지시치와 플리커미터의 플리커지수와의 상관관계를 추적하고 그 응용가능성을 모색하였다.