CD137-inducing factors from T cells and macrophages accelerate the destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques in hyperlipidemic mice

Jung, In-Hyuk,Choi, Jae-Hoon,Jin, Jing,Jeong, Se-Jin,Jeon, Sejin,Lim, Chaeji,Lee, Mi-Ran,Yoo, Ji-Young,Sonn, Seong-Keun,Kim, Young Ho,Choi, Beom Kyu,Kwon, Byoung S.,Seoh, Ju-Young,Lee, Cheol Whan,Kim, The Federation of American Societies for Experimen 2014 The FASEB Journal Vol.28 No.11

<P>CD137 (4-1BB), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, has been reported to be expressed in atherosclerotic plaques, and to promote lesion formation. However, the role of CD137 in mediating atherosclerotic plaque stability and the possible underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, apolipoprotein E-deficient (<I>ApoE</I><SUP>−/−</SUP>) and CD137-deficient <I>ApoE</I><SUP>−/−</SUP> (<I>ApoE</I><SUP>−/−</SUP>CD137<SUP>−/−</SUP>) mice fed a chow diet for 66 wk were used. CD137 induces plaque instability, which is characterized by increased plaque necrosis, decreased collagen content, decreased vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) content, and increased macrophage infiltration. CD137 also increases the infiltration of effector T (T<SUB>eff</SUB>) cells into plaque lesion sites, resulting in increased interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expression. Interestingly, T<SUB>eff</SUB>-cell-derived IFN-γ inhibits collagen synthesis in atherosclerotic plaques. Furthermore, CD137 activation increases the apoptosis of VSMCs, possibly by decreasing the antiapoptotic regulator, Bcl-2, and subsequently up-regulating cleaved caspase-3. In macrophages, activation of CD137 signaling boosted the oxidized low density lipoprotein-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 <I>via</I> the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 signaling pathways. In summary, activation of CD137 signaling decreases the stability of advanced atherosclerotic plaques <I>via</I> its combined effects on T<SUB>eff</SUB> cells, VSMCs, and macrophages.—Jung, I.-H., Choi, J.-H., Jin, J., Jeong, S.-J., Jeon, S., Lim, C., Lee, M.-R., Yoo, J.-Y., Sonn, S.-K., Kim, Y. H., Choi, B. K., Kwon, B. S., Seoh, J.-Y., Lee, C. W., Kim, D.-Y., Oh, G. T. CD137-inducing factors from T cells and macrophages accelerate the destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques in hyperlipidemic mice.</P>

Monitoring and determination of Cabarmate resistance in field strain of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphidaidae)

Jung Hun Oh,Deok Ho Kwon,Ju Il Kim,Jae Dong Shim,Si Hyeock Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) is a serious pest of agricultural and horticultural crops all over the world. M. persica has rapidly developed resistance to a wide variety of insecticides, including carbamates. The E4/FE4 carboxylesterase is known to be involved in carbamate resistance. To compare the E4/FE4 carboxylesterase gene copy number, as a genetic resistance marker, between seven field strains, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed. In addition, quantitative sequencing (QS) was employed to predict the frequencies of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) mutations (A301S and S431F) that are associated with target site insensitivity. All M. persica strains examined possessed the S431F mutation in the heterozygous state except for a susceptible strain, implying the possibility of AChE duplication. In contrast, no A301S mutation was found. Frequency prediction equation was generated from the plots of signal ratios and amplification critical time, which showed a high correlation (r2>0.996). QS analysis of M. persicae populations revealed that the allele frequency of S431F ranged 4% to 63%. Taken together, the AChE resistance allele frequencies determined by QS and the E4/FE4 gene copy number by qPCR should facilitate the detection and monitoring of carbamate resistance in M. persicae in the field.

Giant Zeeman splitting in nucleation-controlled doped CdSe:Mn²⁺ quantum nanoribbons

Yu, Jung Ho,Liu, Xinyu,Kweon, Kyoung Eun,Joo, Jin,Park, Jiwon,Ko, Kyung-Tae,Lee, Dong Won,Shen, Shaoping,Tivakornsasithorn, Kritsanu,Son, Jae Sung,Park, Jae-Hoon,Kim, Young-Woon,Hwang, Gyeong S.,Dobro Nature Publishing Group 2010 Nature Materials Vol.9 No.1

Doping of semiconductor nanocrystals by transition-metal ions has attracted tremendous attention owing to their nanoscale spintronic applications. Such doping is, however, difficult to achieve in low-dimensional strongly quantum confined nanostructures by conventional growth procedures. Here we demonstrate that the incorporation of manganese ions up to 10% into CdSe quantum nanoribbons can be readily achieved by a nucleation-controlled doping process. The cation-exchange reaction of (CdSe)<SUB>13</SUB> clusters with Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> ions governs the Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> incorporation during the nucleation stage. This highly efficient Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> doping of the CdSe quantum nanoribbons results in giant exciton Zeeman splitting with an effective g-factor of ∼600, the largest value seen so far in diluted magnetic semiconductor nanocrystals. Furthermore, the sign of the s–d exchange is inverted to negative owing to the exceptionally strong quantum confinement in our nanoribbons. The nucleation-controlled doping strategy demonstrated here thus opens the possibility of doping various strongly quantum confined nanocrystals for diverse applications.

Impaired Sulfur-Amino Acid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Are Alleviated by Betaine Supplementation in Rats

Kwon, Do Y.,Jung, Young S.,Kim, Sun J.,Park, Hee K.,Park, Jae H.,Kim, Young C. Oxford University Press 2009 The Journal of nutrition Vol.139 No.1

<P>Nonalcoholic fatty liver is involved in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic liver injury. Impairment of hepatic transsulfuration reactions is suggested to be critically linked with alcoholic liver injury, but its role in nonalcoholic fatty liver remains unknown. We examined the early changes in sulfur-amino acid metabolism and their implication in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Male rats were provided with a standard liquid diet or a high-fat liquid diet (HF) for 3 wk. An additional group of rats received the HF diet supplemented with betaine (1%). HF diet intake elevated hepatic triglyceride and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) concentrations. Antioxidant capacity of liver cytosol against hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals was reduced significantly. Hepatic S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and glutathione (GSH) decreased, but hypotaurine and taurine concentrations increased. Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) activity, not its concentration, was depressed, whereas both activity and concentration of cysteine dioxygenase and GSH S-transferase were elevated. Betaine supplementation of the HF diet inhibited hepatic fat accumulation and serum TNFalpha elevation. The decrease in cytosolic antioxidant capacity was also prevented. MAT activity and its concentration were induced significantly. Hepatic SAM and GSH increased and elevation of hypotaurine and taurine was depressed. The results indicate that the metabolism of S-containing substances is significantly disturbed by the HF diet, suggesting a causal role of impairment of hepatic transsulfuration reactions in NAFLD. Betaine supplementation protects the liver from nonalcoholic steatosis and oxidative stress most probably via its effects on the transsulfuration reactions.</P>

Three New Monotypic Genera of the Caloplacoid Lichens (Teloschistaceae, Lichen-Forming Ascomycetes)

( Sergii Y Kondratyuk ),( Laszlo Lokos ),( Jung A Kim ),( Anna S Kondratiuk ),( Min Hye Jeong ),( Seol Hwa Jang ),( Soon Ok Oh ),( Jae Seoun Hur ) 한국균학회 2015 Mycobiology Vol.43 No.3

Three monophyletic branches are strongly supported in a phylogenetic analysis of the Teloschistaceae based on combined data sets of internal transcribed spacer and large subunit nrDNA and 12S small subunit mtDNA sequences. These are described as new monotypic genera: Jasonhuria S. Y. Kondr., L. Lokos et S. -O. Oh, Loekoesia S. Y. Kondr., S. -O. Oh et J. -S. Hur and Olegblumia S. Y. Kondr., L. Lokos et J. -S. Hur. Three new combinations for the type species of these genera are proposed.

방향성 연속주조된 Al-Cu합금의 연화처리에 따른 미세조직과 기계적 성질의 변화

제창웅,윤재홍,정동석 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 産技硏論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Directionally continuous casted Al-Cu alloys used the components of electronic and electric equipment need to specify the properties of them and optimum drawing condition in order to manufacture a fine wire. Therefore, the present investigation has been carried out for clarifying the changes of macrostructure, microstructure, mechanical properties, and the interrelations of them during annealing heat treatment in order to manufacture a fine wire in directionally continuous casted Al-Cu alloys. Recrystalized grains were not observed at below 200˚C in Al-1%Cu and Al-28%Cu alloys annealed, however recrystalized grains were observed with increasing annealing temperature. Recrystalization was occurred at inclusion/matrix interfaces and also appeared at the inclusions of smaller radius with increasing reduction ratio.

요추 디스크의 섬유륜 방사상 파열이 요추 운동분절에 미치는 생체역학적 운동 효과 : Effects of Radial Tear of the Annulus Fibrosus

안재용,홍정화,임태홍,An, Howard S. 대한척추외과학회 1998 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Study design : Lumbar disc degeneration and segmental instability of the lumbar spine are causes of low back pain. Disc degeneration causes specific changes of the intervertebral disc, and could affect anatomic variations of end plate and vetebral body. However, the exact relationship between degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc and segmental motion characteristics is not known. It is known that radial tears of the annulus fibrosus initiate or accompany degenerative process of nucleus pulposus and the motion segment. It is hypothesis of this study that the existence of radial tear in the annulus fibrosus affects 3 dimension motion characteristics of motion segment. For the purpose, the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration is newly classified by existence of radial tear. Then, the resulting biomechanical motions are investigated. Objectives : To investigate effects of disc degeneration by the classification on kinematic motions of the motion segment from human lumbar spine and to suggest a quantified method to determine spinal instability in vivo Materials and methods : A total of 60 spinal motion segments from human lumbar spine was used for this study. To measure 3 dimensional motion of the motion segments, Vicon system(Oxford, England) with 3 cameras reflective markers and VAX station was used. 6 kinds of pure moments (flexion, extension, right and left axial rotation, and right and left lateral bending) were applied to the motion segments using dead weight for each loading step. At the end of test(maximum loading), motion segments were frozen for anatomical study. For making clear the degree of the degeneration of the disc, a new classification based on MRI results was used: Grade i is a normal young disc without tear; Grade 2 is a normal aging disc without radial tear; Grade 3 is a degenerative disc with radial tear; and Grade 4 is a severely degenerative disc with radial tear and other degeneration such as showing decreased disc height. Results : The upper lumbar specimens with radial tears has increased flexion motions as compared to the normal group. Also, the right and left axial rotation in radial tear group increased as compared to the normal group. However, there were no statistical differences in other motions. For the lower lumbar specimens, there were no significant differences in measured motions in all directions between the normal and radial tear groups Conclusions : These results suggests that the segmental motions are affected by radial tear in the intervertebral disc. Thus, the radial tear in the annulus fibrosus of lumbar intervertebral disc could cause the instability of lumbar spine. Further research is required to determine the relationship between other structural changes and biomechanical characteristics, and future studies should include in vivo investigations to correlate these findings to patients' symptoms.

고하중하에서 피스톤 링 선접촉 윤활특성 해석

조인성,정재연,조시기,이봉구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 1994 工學硏究 Vol.25 No.-

NOVEL ANTICARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS ISOLATED FROM ARTEMISIA CAPILLARIS

Bahn, Kyeong N.,Lee, Eun J.,Lee, Jung M.,Byun, Jae I.,Park, Sook J.,Yang, Min S.,Ha, Yeong L. Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology Research C 1994 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.1994 No.

Chloroform fraction of hot-methanol soluble materials from Artemisia capaillaris, which inhibited DMBA-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis (Bahn et al., 1993), was further fractionated into F1 fraction by combination of solvent partition and TLC procedures. From the F1 fraction exhibited a strong cytotoxicity (ED_(50):<0.08vg/ml) for both L1210 and S- 180 mouse cancer cells, achillin and its isomer were identified as the major anticarcinogenic compounds.

4-Chloro-2-Isopropyl-5-Methylphenol Exhibits Antimicrobial and Adjuvant Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Kim, Byung Chan,Kim, Hyerim,Lee, Hye Soo,Kim, Su Hyun,Cho, Do-Hyun,Jung, Hee Ju,Bhatia, Shashi Kant,Yune, Philip S.,Joo, Hwang-Soo,Kim, Jae-Seok,Kim, Wooseong,Yang, Yung-Hun The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.6

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes severe infections and poses a global healthcare challenge. The utilization of novel molecules which confer synergistical effects to existing MRSA-directed antibiotics is one of the well-accepted strategies in lieu of de novo development of new antibiotics. Thymol is a key component of the essential oil of plants in the Thymus and Origanum genera. Despite the absence of antimicrobial potency, thymol is known to inhibit MRSA biofilm formation. However, the anti-MRSA activity of thymol analogs is not well characterized. Here, we assessed the antimicrobial activity of several thymol derivatives and found that 4-chloro-2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol (chlorothymol) has antimicrobial activity against MRSA and in addition it also prevents biofilm formation. Chlorothymol inhibited staphyloxanthin production, slowed MRSA motility, and altered bacterial cell density and size. This compound also showed a synergistic antimicrobial activity with oxacillin against highly resistant S. aureus clinical isolates and biofilms associated with these isolates. Our results demonstrate that chlorinated thymol derivatives should be considered as a new lead compound in anti-MRSA therapeutics.