일반 인구집단에 대한 대기중 총먼지의 생물학적 노출지표로서 요중 1-hydroxypyrene 및 2-naphthol의 유용성

강종원,김헌,강대희,이철호,조수헌,Kang, Jong-Won,Kim, Heon,Kang, Dae-Hee,Lee, Chul-Ho,Cho, Soo-Hun 대한예방의학회 2000 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.33 No.3

Background : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are well known environmental pollutants. The measurement of PAH in ambient air is not commonly used, because it is quite difficult to perform and is unreliable. Using biomarkers of PAH can be an alternative approach to this problem. The PAH in ambient air is absorbed in particulate matter. Total suspended particulate(TSP) or particulate matter of less than $10{\mu}m$ in diameter (PM10) can be easily measured. Therefore, TSP or PM10 can be used as a surrogate measurements of ambient air PAH. Objectives : We investigated whether the urinary concentration of two biomarkers of PAH, 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and 2-naphthol, could reflect the total suspended particulate in the general population. Methods : In order to exclude the effects of occupational exposure and smoking, first grade middle school students were included in this study. Four middle schools within a one kilometer boundary of ambient air monitoring stations were selected. Total suspended particulate was regarded as the marker of airborne PAH. Diet and smoking data were collected by self administered questionnaires, and spot urine samples were collected. Urinary 1-OHP and 2-naphthol were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results : The correlation between urinary 1-OHP, 2-naphthol and passive smoking was not statistically significant. The correlation between urinary 1-OHP and TSP indices was not statistically significant. The correlations between urinary 2-naphthol and TSP of two lag days, one lag day, and zero lag days were statistically significant. The statistical significance of two lag days was the strongest (p=0.001), one lag day was the next (p=0.0275), and zero lag days was the weakest (p=0.0349). Conclusion : Our results imply that the urinary concentration of 2-naphthol can be applied as a PAH exposure marker for the general population with low PAH exposure.

토양 중 미규제된 유기오염물질 분석연구 -다환방향족탄화수소 16종을 중심으로-

김종향 ( Jong Hyang Kim ),강종민 ( Jong Min Gang ),이방희 ( Bang Hee Lee ),허종수 ( Jong Sou Her ) 한국유화학회 2011 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.28 No.1

The aim of study was to investigate polluted amounts 16 PAHs in railroad(waste railway ties) area, factory area and land-fill area. All of the samples were analyzed by GC-MSD(SIM mode), and the recovery range, detection limit and standard deviation obtained by this experiment were 73.88~94.75%, 0.009~2.252 ㎍/kg and 1.861~12.373, respectively. The concentrations of total PAHs(t-PAHs) and total carcinogenic PAHs(t-PAHcarc) in soils of three area were in the range of 12.54~3274.95 ㎍/kg on a wet weight basis with a mean value of 499.8 ㎍/kg and 0~122.77 ㎍/kg with a mean value of 20.16 ㎍/kg, respectively. The correlation between t-PAHs and t-PAHcarc appeared very high in railroad(waste railway ties) area (R2=0.8301), factory area (R2=0.9217) except land-fill area(R2=0.3782), indicated that t-PAHcarc concentration increases in proportion with t-PAHs.

코크스 제조 및 사용 공정에서의 코크스오븐 배출물질 연구

이종천,안규동,조광성,이병국 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.2

This study was performed to evaluate the coke oven emissions (COE) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon levels in coke manu- facturing industry, secondary lead smelting industry and glass bottle manufacturing industry. 1. There were no significant difference between the means of personal samples and area samples by the types of industry(p>0.05). The levels of airborne total particulates of the secondary lead smelting industry was the highest(2.30㎎/㎥), and those of the coke manu- facturing industry and glass bottle manufacturing industry were 1.95 ㎎/㎥ and 1.37 ㎎/㎥. The concentration of COE was the highest in the glass bottle manufacturing industry(0.79 ㎎/㎥), and in order of 0.19㎎/㎥ in the coke manufacturing industry and 0.05 ㎎/㎥ in the secondary lead smelting industry. COE/total particulates(%) was highest in the glass bottle manufacturing industry(58.1%) and in order of 10.3% in the coke manufacturing industry and 3.1% in secondary lead smelting industry. There were significant differences in the total particle concentration and Coe by the types of industry(p<0.05) 2. The levels of airborne total particulates was the highest at the smelting process of secondary lead smelting industry(2.30±0.72 ㎎/㎥), and the lowest at the smelting process of glass bottle manufacturing industry (0.99±1.22㎎/㎥) Concentration of COE was the highest at the casting process of glass bottle manufacturing industry (1.09±1.15㎎/㎥), the lowest at the smelting process of secondary lead smelting industry(0.06±0,03 ㎎/㎥). The COE/total particulates(%) was the highest at the casting process of glass bottle manufacturing industry(65.9±20.5%), and the lowest at the smelting process of secondary lead smelting industry(3.1±2.7%). 3. There were positive correlations between level of The airborne total particulates and concentration of COE in COKE manufacturing industry and glass bottle manufacturing industry(p<0.05), but negative correlation in secondary lead smelting industry. 4. The numbers of case and rates that over the Threshold Limit Values(TLVs) were 24 (77.4%)cases in glass bottle manufacture, 14(23.7%) cases in the coke manufacturing industry and no one case in secondary lead smelting industry. Total numbers of case and rates that over TLVs were 38(35.5%) cases. 5. The limit of detection(LOD) for PAH was 10 ㎍/㎖) in standard sample. All PAH levels of the cokes manufacturing industry and the secondary lead smelting industry and the glass bottle manufacturing industry were trace or not to detect.

대기 중 Benzopyrene 및 중금속의 농도와 입경분포

허문영(Moon Young Heo),권창호(Chang Ho Kweon),유기선(Ki Seon Yu),최성규(Seong Kyu Choe),김경호(Kyeong Ho Kim),손동헌(Dong Hun Sohn) 대한약학회 1990 약학회지 Vol.34 No.1

Total suspended particulate (TSP) in the atmosphere was collected and size-fractionated by Andersen high volume air sampler for the past two years (Mar. 1987-Feb. 1989) in Seoul. The concentrations of several Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals were determined to investigate the atmospheric concentrations, seasonal variations and its relationship with the size distribution of suspended particulate matter. The arithmetic mean concentration of total suspended particulate was 229.48mcg/m3. The concentrations of heavy metals were 2971.94ng/m3 for Fe, 767.75ng/m3 for Zn, 765.80ng/m3 for Pb, 218.40ng/m3 for Cu, 129.91ng/m3 for Mn, respectively. And the concentration of PAHs were 3.23ng/m3 for benzo(a)pyrene, 2.71ng/m3 for benzo(k)fluoranthene, 4.53ng/m3 for benzo(ghi)perylene, respectively. The mass-size distribution of TSP was lowest in the particle size range 1.1-3.3mcm increased as the particle size increased or decreased. But PAHs, Pb and Zn abounded in particles below 2.0mcm, while Fe and Mn abouned in particles above 2.0mcm. TSP and its chemical compositions showed the seasonal variations. The concentrations of anthrophogenic origin like TSP, PAH and heavy metals in the fine particles were highest in winter and lowest in summer. PAH and Ph analyzed showed significant correlations with each other and with TSP concentration in fine particles, indicating that the particles in which they are contained have a similar behavior in the atmosphere.

Physico-chemical Nature and Mutagenic Activity of Ambient Dust in Seoul

Chung, Yong Yonsei University, College of Medicine 1987 Yonsei medical journal Vol.28 No.1

유해폐기물 목록화를 위한 무기·유기물질류의 함량특성 - 광업, 농업, 목재, 피혁, 석유정제 중심으로 -

김신조,이기용,강영렬,황동건,허준혁,이은정,강미아,오길종 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2009 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.26 No.5

This study investigated for content leaching characteristics of 72 hazardous industrial wastes among 157 assinged wastes discharged from 59 workplaces by analyzing 7 regulated and 8 unregulated inorganic metals, and 4 unregulated organic chemicals. Among the unregulated inorganic metals, Ni, Zn and Be from industrial wastewater treatment sludges of EU waste code 01 were detected in concentrations of 44,527, 121,330 and 136 mg/kg, respectively. In case of Sb from waste synthetic resins of EU waste code 04, the concentration was 1,693 mg/kg. All of above-mentioned substances exceed suggested standards. Among the inorganic metals regulated by the Korean Waste Management Act, the concentration of Cu from industrial wastewater treatment sludges of EU waste code 01 and Pb from them of EU waste code 05 were 205,097 and 25.7 mg/kg, respectively. These two regulated metals are over regulation standards. In PAHs contained in incineration ashes of EU waste code 03, the concentration of phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benzo[b]fluoranthene were 12.304, 12.325, 15.615 and 6.024 mg/kg (dry base) that the values of these organic chemicals are also higer than 1st standards of Korean Ocean Dumping Act.

Soil Ecological Effects of Chainsaw Lubricant Contamination by Oil Type in a Forest Nursery Field

Ikhyun Kim,Jeongjae Kim,Eugene Ha,Byoungkoo Choi 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2022 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.10

Tree cutting is commonly performed using chainsaws in South Korea. While the chain is rotating, the oil pump releases lubricant from the reservoir on the guide bar as the throttle is pressed. Sawdust, stained with released lubricant, is sprayed on the surface soil during tree cutting. And some released lubricant droplets are scattered on the ground directly. This study was conducted to assess the effect of lubricant on forest soil properties in a nursery field. We examined the persistence of 16PAHs and TPH in lubricant scattered soil and monitored the changes in soil biological properties (soil respiration, soil bacterial community richness and diversity) from November 15th, 2021 to September 19th, 2022. The research site included a total of 4 plots consisting of one control plot (CP) and three treatment plots (T-plot), and each plot consists of three subplots (3✕3 m; a total of 12 subplots). Three different types of lubricants of 100 ml/m2 were scattered on the soil surface of each T-plot (Bio-oil scattered plot, BP; Premium mineral oil scattered plot, PMP; Mineral oil scattered plot, MP) on November 16th, 2021. After approximately six months of lubricant scattering treatment, the concentration of soil increased in BP by 346.9%, PMP by 138.1%, MP by 691.9%, and soil TPH concentration decreased in BP by 48.2%, PMP by 24.0%, and increased in MP by 124.5%. The average soil respiration within the study period was lower at PMP (0.46 g CO2/m2/hr) than at CP (0.54 g CO2/m2/hr), BP (0.57 g CO2/m2/hr), and MP (0.59 g CO2/m2/hr), but there was no significant difference (p<0.05). In addition, lubricant type had no significant effect on soil bacterial community richness and diversity during the study period (p<0.05).

캡틴반젤리스엘호 유류유출 주변 유류오염물질 분포현황 분석을 위한 수질환경모니터링

하신영(Shin-young Ha),김인수(In-soo Kim) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2017 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.4

국내외 배출해역 표층 퇴적물의 POPs 농도분포 및 특성 비교

박지성(Ji Sung Park),정창수(Chan Soo Chung),김창준(Chang Joon Kim),최기영(Ki Young Choi),임수연(Su Yeon Im) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2018 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.5

Assessment of the geo-environmental effects of activities of auto-mechanic workships at Alaoji Aba and Elekahia Port Harcourt, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Nkanu Ernest Muze,Alexander Iheanyichukwu Opara,Francis Chizoruo Ibe,Okereke Chinwendu Njoku 환경독성보건학회 2020 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.35 No.2

Geo-environmental assessment of activities of auto–mechanics at Alaoji Aba and Elekahia Port Harcourt, both in the Niger Delta region, Southern Nigeria were carried out with the main objective of determining the extent of soil contamination arising from anthropogenic activities within mechanic villages (MVs). Geochemical analysis of soil samples from the study area revealed that the concentrations of the trace metals ranged from <1 mg/kg for chromium (Cr) to 1,925 mg/kg for the lead (Pb). Soil analysis for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) across the area revealed concentrations ranging from <0.02 to 1.80 mg/Kg and from <1.00 to 38,327 mg/kg respectively. Elevated levels of the heavy metals and TPH were observed at MV in Alaoji Aba when compared to MV in Elekahia Port Harcourt, and the control sites. These could be attributed to contamination due to the presence of these auto-mechanics in the area for over thirty years. The concentration of Pb and Cd recorded in some sample points were above USEPA (United State Environmental Protection Agency) and the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) permissible limits. Results of PAH analysis showed the presence of naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, fluorene, benzo(a)anthracene, acenaphthene, methylnaphthalene. Risk assessment analysis showed significant geo-accumulation values for Cd and Pb indicating heavy contamination. The monomial risk factor of the heavy metals in the MVs are in the order Cd >Pb>Cr, while potential ecological risk index analysis showed values indicating very high risk, considerable risk and a moderate risk to the area under study as well as the surrounding environment. These results suggest that the soils from the MVs which represent the mechanic workshops at Alaoji Aba and Elekahia Port Harcourt are considered to be of pollution concern due to elevated Pb and Cd levels. Hence, there is a serious need to regularly monitor the activities of auto-mechanics in the study area.