조선 후기 첩자계승과 첩의 가계계승 개입 양상

김보람 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2024 규장각 Vol.64 No.-

This paper explores the dynamics of family succession by secondary sons in late Joseon society, shedding light on the significant role concubines played in these affairs. Late Joseon society featured a complex situation concerning secondary sons: while they were generally considered unsuitable as ritual heirs, there were concurrent movements seeking to integrate them into their father’s descent group. Despite the prevalence of adopting an agnatic son in the absence of a primary heir, the issue of secondary-son heirship remained contentious among prominent Confucian scholars. Moreover, real-life instances arose where a secondary son was favored over an adopted one, revealing intertwined human relations and conflicting interests over family succession. Considering the profound impact of secondary-son heirship on the status and welfare of their mothers, the concubines, these women were driven to advocate for their sons’ elevation to ritual heirship. Some fought against threats from collateral kinsmen to uphold their son’s rightful position as heir, while others sought to usurp the established heirship of an adoptee. Concubines often found themselves in conflict with the primary wife in the pursuit of securing succession for their sons. This conflict typically centered around the wife advocating for adoption and the concubine advocating for secondary-son heirship. Although some concubines challenged the rigid hierarchy between wives and concubines, their active involvement in their son’s heirship faced obstacles as long as the primary wife remained alive. Nonetheless, this paper highlights that concubines, traditionally viewed as peripheral figures, were not entirely excluded from succession matters. Some displayed remarkable boldness and determination, even risking their own lives. These examples challenge the conventional portrayal of concubines as subordinate figures, prompting a deeper exploration of the complex existence and experiences of concubines and their sons within the patrilineal kinship order grounded in the descent-line principle.

중등학교 교과교실의 규모계획을 위한 단계적 의사결정 방법에 관한 연구

맹준호 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.10

The objective of this research was to offer a new scale estimation method for a secondary school building architectural design. The method was summarized as follows; education paradigm analysis of society, set-up principles and directions of a secondary education architectural design, and formulation of a scale estimation direction. The following results were found in this research: First, the goal of this research is to set up principles and directions of a secondary school building architectural design. Under the goal, a secondary school educational direction was made causing an outcome of 6 architectural design principles. A design direction based on the principles above is explained with 15 specific details. The 7 architectural space programming guidelines to cover changes of various architectural scale design elements are derived. A factor of determination with each scale design element was analogized based on the 7 guidelines. Each element needs decision-making because the factor determination based on the guidelines has to meet various requirements. The scale estimation method should be planned through making a priority among elements and step-by-step decision-making process. If the 9 steps method is organized, school characterization, and scale estimation for organic secondary-school architectural blueprint will be accomplished. This research showed architectural principles and direction of an individualized and organic secondary school and architectural space programming method to keep up with future educational direction.

중등물리교사임용시험 교과교육학과 교과내용학 문항 평가내용요소별 분석 - 2002~2014학년도를 중심으로

문송희,이상칠,강경희 한국물리학회 2014 새물리 Vol.64 No.12

This study aims to analyze questions of subject pedagogy and subject content in the secondary physics' teacher certification examination by evaluating the content elements. To this end, this study analyzed questions on the secondary physics' teacher certification examination from 2002 to 2014. Among the evaluation areas, questions on physics inquiry occurred most, followed by `education of science history and philosophy', `physics curriculum', `method of physics education', and `physics learning and psychology'. Sixty-one percent of the evaluation content elements were on the subject of pedagory. In the evaluation of subject content, mostly `dynamics', `electromagnetics', `quantum physics', and `thermal and statistical physics' were included. Seventy-three percent of the evaluation content elements dealt with evaluation the pedagogical content set for the secondary physics teachers' certification examination. Such result shows that questions on the secondary physics teachers' certification examination are largely from the some evaluation areas and evaluation content elements. 이 연구는 중등물리교사임용시험 교과교육학과 교과내용학 문항들을 평가내용요소별로 분석하기 위한 것이다. 2002학년도부터 2014학년도까지의 중등물리교사임용시험 출제 문항들을 대상으로 분석하였다. 평가영역 중에는 ‘물리 탐구’, ‘과학사 및 과학철학과 교육’, ‘물리 교육과정’과 ‘물리교육 방법’, ‘물리 학습과 심리’ 순으로 자주 출제되었다. 교과교육학 분야의 평가내용요소들 중에는 61%가 출제된 것으로 나타났다. 교과내용학 평가영역 중에서는 ‘역학’, ‘전자기학’, ‘양자물리’, ‘열 및 통계물리’가 주로 출제되었다. 물리과에 출제된 교과내용학 분야의 평가내용요소는 전체 평가내용요소 중 73%가 출제된 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 중등물리교사임용시험 문항들이 일부 평가영역과 평가내용요소에 집중되어 있음을 보여주는 것이다.

Design of An Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller for Velocity Control of a Secondary Controlled Closed-loop Hydrostatic Transmission

H. T. Do(도황팅),K. K. Ahn(안경관) 유공압건설기계학회 2013 유공압건설기계학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

A secondary-controlled hydrostatic transmission system (SC-HST), which considered being an energy-saving system, can recuperate most of the lost vehicle kinetic energy in decelerating and braking time and it shows advantage in fuel economy improvement of vehicle. Almost secondary control units (SCU) in SC-HST inherently contain nonlinear characteristics such as dead-zone input. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain precise position or velocity control by conventional linear controllers. This problem limits the application of SC-HST in industry and mobile vehicle. This paper gives a description of SC-HST and proposes an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller (AFSMC) for velocity control of SCU. Experiments were carried out in the condition of disturbance load by using both the proposed controller and PID controller for comparison and evaluation the effectiveness of the proposed controller. The experimental results indicated that the proposed controller was excellent from the standpoints of performance and stability for velocity control of SC-HST.

산업체 관계자의 중등단계 직업교육 참여 형태에 따른 잠재계층 유형화 및 특성 분석

김진모,최수정,박자경,정지용,박주원,홍성표 한국직업교육학회 2020 職業 敎育 硏究 Vol.39 No.2

The purpose of this study was to suggest ways to expand industry participation in secondary education by classifying potential classes according to the type of participation by industry officials and analyzing their characteristics in secondary education. The survey was conducted on industry officials participating in various forms of industry-academic cooperation, and the latent class analysis method was carried out using the Mplus 8.0 program for typification. The main results from the study were: First, in secondary vocational education, industrial participation was concentrated in the employment stage, while industry officials were highly satisfied with the areas involved in industry-academic cooperation, but the intention of participation in non-participating areas was low and contradictory. Second, the types of industry-related officials’ participation in middle-level vocational education can be divided into "leading type of industry-academic cooperation," "entire type of employment-oriented" and "deficient type of industrial cooperation." While the level of cooperation among related agencies was significantly high, industries with "employment-oriented" and "poor industry-academic cooperation" were not aware of the need for industrial-academic cooperation, and at the same time, did not require much incentives for industrial-academic cooperation. Third, there were differences in the types of industry-academic cooperation among industries. Suggestions for the expansion of industrial participation in secondary-level vocational education are as follows. Differentiated approaches according to the type of industry participation are needed, and pilot programs need to be developed and operated to help businesses form positive experiences in vocational high school industry cooperation. It is also necessary to strengthen the cooperative system of industry and related agencies of middle-level vocational schools. 이 연구는 중등단계 직업교육에서 산업체 관계자의 참여 형태에 따라서 잠재계층을 유형화하고 그 특성을 분석하여 중등단계 직업교육에서 산업계 참여를 확대하기 위한 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 다양한 산학협력의 형태로 참여하고 있는 산업체 관계자를 대상으로 설문조사를 수행하였고, 유형화를 위해 Mplus 8.0 프로그램을 이용하여 잠재계층분석방법을 수행하였다. 연구를 통해 도출된 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중등단계 직업교육에서 산업체의 참여는 취업 단계에 집중되어 있었으며, 산업체는 산학협력에 참여하고 있는 영역에 대한 만족도는 높았지만, 미참여 영역에 대한 참여의도는 낮은 상반된 태도를 가지고 있었다. 둘째, 산업체 관계자의 중등단계 직업교육 참여 형태는 ‘산학협력 선도형’, ‘취업 중심형’, ‘산합협력 미흡형’잠재계층으로 구분될 수 있다. 산학협력 선도형’의 유관기관 협력 수준이 유의미하게 높았으나,‘취업중심형’, ‘산학협력 미흡형’ 산업체들은 산학협력 필요성에 대한 인식이 높지 않았으며, 동시에 산학협력에 대한 인센티브도 크게 요구하지 않았다. 셋째, 산업체의 업종에 따라 직업계고 산학협력 참여 유형에 차이가 있었다. 중등단계 직업교육에서 산업계 참여 확대를 위한 제언은 다음과 같다. 산업체 참여 형태에 따른 차별화된 접근 방안이 필요하며, 산업체를 대상으로 직업계고 산학협력에 대한 긍정적인 경험을 형성할 수 있도록 시범 프로그램을 개발 및 운영할 필요가 있다. 또한 산업체와 중등단계 직업계고 유관기관들의 협력 체계를 강화할 필요가 있다.

무용 동작학습에서 이중과제(Secondary Task) 적용 시의 학습 효과

김온정(Kim, On-Jeong),백정희(Baek, Jung-Hee),김동호(Kim, Dong-Ho) 한국체육과학회 2013 한국체육과학회지 Vol.22 No.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate that the way of practice which secondary task is suggested in dance motor skill effect on decline in movement capability caused by failed to control of concentration in performance. Subjects were composed of 14 female college students in total majoring in Korean dance, which were distributed to either present-the main subject group or present-the main subject and the secondary-tasks group. Movement tasks included 10 movements of "Hwimon" rhythm and "Dasrum "rhythm in parts out of Seoljanggu for Korean dance. 5 experts carried out evaluation according to proposed evaluation standards. Evaluation data was analyzed by employing SPSS Ver.18.0 program. As a result, it looks a significant difference statistically that the learning effect of the group to which secondary task was offered is better than the group to which the primary task was offered in the achievement scores and similar performance situation, and for the average of achievement scores among each group, the group to which secondary task was offered had relatively higher scores than the group to which the primary task was offered.

초,중등 예비 교사들의 생명과학에 대한 인식 조사 비교 연구

심규철,송신철 韓國生物敎育學會 2011 생물교육 Vol.39 No.4

The purpose of this study was to examine the elementary and secondary school pre-service teachers' perceptions about life science. The instrument consists of three domains. Data were collected from 154 pre-service teachers(elementary: 55, secondary: 99 and male: 60, female: 94). Quite a few elementary and secondary pre-service teachers had unbiological perception about the meaning of life. Even though there were no difference between male and female pre-service teachers, more elementary pre-service teachers had unbiological view about it than secondary ones. Most of secondary and elementary pre-service biology teachers had the highest interest in genetics and human metabolism. Topics that they want to know is related to biotechnology. It was investigated that topics related to biotechnology and evolution were what they wanted to know about.

Primary and secondary gait deviations of stroke survivors and their association with gait performance

Kim, Hyung-Sik,Chung, Soon-Cheol,Choi, Mi-Hyun,Gim, Seon-Young,Kim, Woo-Ram,Tack, Gye-Rae,Lim, Dae-Woon,Chun, Sung-Kuk,Kim, Jin-Wook,Mun, Kyung-Ryoul The Society of Physical Therapy Science 2016 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL THERAPY SCIENCE Vol.28 No.9

<P>[Purpose] Stroke survivors exhibit abnormal pelvic motion and significantly deteriorated gait performance. Although the gait of stroke survivors has been evaluated at the primary level pertaining to ankle, knee, and hip motions, secondary deviations involving the pelvic motions are strongly related to the primary level. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the kinematic differences of the primary and secondary joints and to identify mechanism differences that alter the gait performance of stroke survivors. [Subjects and Methods] Five healthy subjects and five stroke survivors were recruited. All the subjects were instructed to walk at a self-selected speed. The joint kinematics and gait parameters were calculated. [Results] For the stroke survivors, the range of motion of the primary-joint motions were significantly reduced, and the secondary-joint motions were significantly increased. Additionally, for the healthy subjects, the primary joint kinematics were the main factors ensuring gait performance, whereas for the stoke survivors, the secondary-joint motions were the main factors. [Conclusion] The results indicate that while increasing the range of motion of primary-joint movements is the main target to achieve, there is a strong need to constrain and support pelvic motions in order to improve the outcome of gait rehabilitation.</P>

초,중등학교의 동,식물 영역에서 지도해야 할 개념에 대한 중등교사의 인식 조사

김영신,윤정주,손종경 韓國生物敎育學會 2009 생물교육 Vol.37 No.2

Scientific literacy is emphasized in mainstream science education all over the world, including Korea. BSCS classified the biological concepts to be taught in secondary schools and universities into essential, optional, and non-essential concepts for scientific-literacy training, and defined the range of biological concepts to be taught by school level. The purpose of this study was to confirm the animals and plants that should be taught in each school level, and to classify the concepts into essential, optional, and non-essential ones. A survey was conducted among secondary-school Biology teachers (146 respondents) and university Biology professors (29 respondents) from all over Korea to study the concepts of the animal and plant areas in elementary, middle, and high school. The results of the survey revealed the following. With regard to the teachers' recognition of the animal and plant domain concepts to be taught in elementary, middle, and high school, the number of essential concepts increased in every biological field as the school level went up. Moreover, there are much more animal and plant domain concepts that the teachers think should be taught in elementary and secondary school compared to those suggested in the curriculum. The biggest difference between the responses of the middle and high school teachers relates to the concepts that they think should be taught in middle school.

텍스트 마이닝과 언어네트워크 분석을 활용한 중등교사임용 교육학시험 내용분석

권충훈(Kwon, Choong-Hoon) 부산대학교 교육발전연구소 2018 교육혁신연구 Vol.28 No.3

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 최근 중등교사임용 교육학시험(2014~2018학년도)의 중심 내용 및 출제 경향을 입체적으로 파악하고, 예비교사교육 관련 기준 및 교원양성기관 교육과정과의 정합성을 확인해 보고자 하는 것이다. 연구방법: 본 연구에서 사용하고 있는 주요 연구방법론은 ‘텍스트 마이닝’과 ‘언어네트워크 분석’ 방법론이다. 텍스트 마이닝 방법론은 중등교사임용 교육학시험 텍스트에서 형태소 분석, 핵심어 추출, 빈도 조사, 1모드 공출현빈도 매트릭스 생성하는데 활용되었다. 언어네트워크 분석방법론은 교육학시험 속의 주요 핵심어들 간에 나타난 언어네트워크의 구조적 특성(밀도, 연결정도, 중심성 등)을 분석하는데 활용되었다. 연구결과: 첫째, 본 연구에서는 2014학년도부터 2018학년도까지 연도별 중등교사임용 교육학시험에 나타난 주요 핵심어들(상위출현 빈도 20위)은 교육학 세부영역인 교육과정, 교육평가, 교육방법 및 교육공학, 교육심리, 교육행정 및 교육경영, 생활지도 및 상담 영역에서 많이 출현하였다는 확인할 수 있었다. 특히, 많이 나타난 주요 핵심어는 수업, 평가, 교육과정, 학습동기, 교과 등으로서 교사가 학교에서 요구받고 수행해야 하는 핵심역량으로 보인다. 둘째, 2014학년도부터 2018학년도까지 중등교사임용 교육학시험 전체에서 나타난 상위출현 빈도 30위 핵심어들의 언어네트워크 특성은 핵심어들 간의 밀도가 상당한 수준으로 높으며, 매우 다양한 주요 핵심어들 간의 상호작용이 이루어지고 있음을 확인하였다. 중등교사임용 교육학 시험의 가장 중앙에 위치하고(연결정도 중심성), 모든 주요 핵심어들 간의 직-간접적인 연결이 많은(근접 중심성), 각각의 주요 핵심어들을 서로 연결시켜 주는(매개 중심성) 핵심어는 학생, 수업, 교사, 흥미 등이었다. 결론 및 제언: 본 연구에서는 국가 중등교사임용 교육학시험의 내용분석을 객관적이고 심도 있게 진행하였다. 본 연구의 결과가 예비 중등교사를 양성하는 교원양성기관의 교육과정 편성 및 운영 등에 의미 있고 긍정적인 자료로 활용되길 기대한다. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the central contents and tendency of the pedagogy examination for secondary-school teacher’s employment(2014~2018), to confirm the degree of agreement with preliminary teacher education standard and teacher education institution curriculum. Method: The main research methodologies used in this study are text mining and semantic network analysis methodology. The text mining methodology was used for morpheme analysis, key word extraction, frequency search, and 1 mode matrix generation. Semantic network analysis methodology was used to analyze the structural characteristics in language network(density, degree, centrality, etc.). Results: First, in this study, the key words (top 20 most frequently) in the annual pedagogy examination for secondary-school teachers employment from year 2014 to 2018 are curriculum, education evaluation, educational methodology and educational technology, educational psychology, guidance and counseling. Especially, many key words seem to be core competencies that teachers should perform at school, such as class, evaluation, curriculum, motivation, and subject. Second, from the 2014 to the 2018 academic year, the semantic network characteristics of the top 30 frequency words in the entire pedagogy examination showed that the activity among the key words is high and the convergence between various key words is being performed. The most central, closest, and highly mediating key words in the pedagogy examination for secondary-school teachers employment were students, classes, teachers, and interests. Conclusion & Suggestions: In this study, the content analysis of the national pedagogy examination for secondary-school teacher’s employment was conducted objectively and profoundly. The results of this study are expected to be used as meaningful and positive data for the educational curriculum and education methods of the secondary-school teachers training.