The Analysis on Forest Fire Occurrence Characteristics by Regional Area in Korea from 1990 to 2014 Year

Bo Ram Jeon,Hee Mun Chae 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.2

Understanding regional characteristics in forest fire occurrence is important to establish effective forest fire prevention policy in Korea. This study analyzed the characteristics of forest fires occurred in 16 administrative districts for recent 25 years (1990∼2014) to examine regional characteristics in forest fire occurrence. Forest fire occurrence reflects regional characteristics depending on climatic factors as well as region’s society-cultural factors. Results showed that the first cause of forest fire occurrence was carelessness by human activities throughout all administrative districts, however, the second cause depends on regional characteristics. As the results of forest fire occurrence period analyzed for 10 days, the most forest fires occurred in the southern region during January to March, while forest fires in the northern region occurred mostly during March to April. We classified forest fire occurrence patterns into three types (centralized: Gyeonggi-do, dispersal: Busan, horizontally distributed: Gyeongsangnam-do) by multi- temporal analysis for forest fire occurrence period.

The Analysis on Forest Fire Occurrence Characteristics by Regional Area in Korea from 1990 to 2014 Year

Jeon, Bo Ram,Chae, Hee Mun Institute of Forest Science 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.2

Understanding regional characteristics in forest fire occurrence is important to establish effective forest fire prevention policy in Korea. This study analyzed the characteristics of forest fires occurred in 16 administrative districts for recent 25 years (1990~2014) to examine regional characteristics in forest fire occurrence. Forest fire occurrence reflects regional characteristics depending on climatic factors as well as region's society-cultural factors. Results showed that the first cause of forest fire occurrence was carelessness by human activities throughout all administrative districts, however, the second cause depends on regional characteristics. As the results of forest fire occurrence period analyzed for 10 days, the most forest fires occurred in the southern region during January to March, while forest fires in the northern region occurred mostly during March to April. We classified forest fire occurrence patterns into three types (centralized: Gyeonggi-do, dispersal: Busan, horizontally distributed: Gyeongsangnam-do) by multi-temporal analysis for forest fire occurrence period.

한반도에서의 이상고온 발생의 지역적 특징

박태원(Park, Taewon),박현빈(Park, Hyunbin),장준기(Chang, Joonki),박종석(Park, Jongseok),유민숙(Yoo, Minsook) 한국과학영재교육학회 2021 과학영재교육 Vol.13 No.1

이 연구는 과학고에서 진행하는 Research & Education (R&E) 과제로 수행되었다. 본 연구에서는 기상청에서 제공하는 한반도 60개 관측소에서의 2000년부터 2019년까지의 일최고기온과 일최저기온 자료를 사용하여 한반도 폭염과 열대야 발생일수에 대한 해안과 내륙, 도시와 시골, 지리적 위치의 영향에 대해 분석하였다. 해안 지역에서 폭염은 평균 6.8일로, 내륙 지역의 14.3일의 반 정도 밖에 발생하지 않았고, 열대야는 반대로 해안 지역에서 13.4일, 내륙 지역에서 5.8일의 평균발생일수가 나타났다. 이는 해안 지역이 높은 비열의 바다와 가까운 해양성 기후의 특성을 보이는 것에 기인한다. 폭염은 도시와 시골에서 둘다 약 12일의 평균발생일수를 포함하여 발생일수 분포가 거의 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 열대야는 도시에서 평균 10.9일이 발생하여 시골의 4.1일 평균 발생일수에 비해 매우 빈번하게 발생하였다. 도시열섬이 낮에는 크게 나타나지 않지만, 밤에 인공 구조물이 많은 열을 내보내기 때문에 이로 인해 도시의 열대야 발생이 크게 늘어나게 되었다. 위도는 폭염 발생과는 거의 관련성이 없고 열대야 발생과는 -0.54의 높은 음의 상관성을 보였다. 경도는 폭염과는 양의 상관성을, 열대야와는 음의 상관성을 보였지만, 그 상관계수는 각각 0.18, -0.20으로 작아 그 관련성은 작은 편이었다. 고도가 높을수록 폭염과 열대야 모두 적게 발생하는 경향이 있었는데, 그러한 경향성은 열대야에서 더 두드러지게 나타났다. This study is based on Research and Education (R&E) project in science high school. In this study, we investigated the regional impact on occurrences of heat waves and tropical nights over Korean Peninsula using daily maximum and minimum temperature at 60 stations provided from KMA during 2000-2019. Heat waves occur 6.8 days and 14.3 days in coastal and inland stations, respectively. On the contrary, occurrences of tropical nights are 13.4 days in coastal stations and 5.8 days in inland stations. This is due to the fact that coastal stations closer to the ocean have a maritime climate with high specific heat contents. The number of heat wave occurrences is very little difference between urban and rural stations, while tropical nights occur 10.9 days in urban stations, very often compared to the 4.1-day occurrences in rural stations. The urban heat islands do not appear much during the day, but artificial structures at night emit a lot of heat, which leads to a significant increase of tropical night occurrences in the urban stations. Latitude has little to do with the heat wave occurrences and has a high negative correlation of -0.54 with the tropical night occurrences. Longitude is positively correlated with the heat waves and negatively correlated with the tropical nights, but their correlation coefficients are small, 0.18 and -0.20, respectively. The higher the altitude, the fewer occurrences of heat waves and tropical nights tend to occur.

2012 Occurrence of major moths in corn on southern region

Hwi-Jong Lee,Man-Young,Hyeong-Kwon Shim,Tae-Hwan Noh,Chae-Hoon Paik 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

Lepidopterous pests can be a problem in corn cultivation in the southern region. This study investigated the occurrence of Ostrinia furnacalis, Helicoverpa armigera and Pseudaletia separata in corn field of southern region. O. furnacalis has investigated aspects occur in Iksan, Buan and Gochang. H. armigera and P. separata has investigated the aspects occur in Buan and Gochang. Occur from early May in sex pheromone trap, showing the highest density occurs in late May, the 1st occurrence of O. furnacalis adult was reduced since the beginning of June. the 2nd occurrence of O. furnacalis adult occurs in late August and showed the highest density occurred in early September. Occurrence time showed aspects similar to the three regions of the O. furnacalis adult. 1st adult occurs in early May from Buan, H. armigera showed the highest density occurs in early August and showed the highest density occurs in early July from Gochang. The 1st adult P. separata occurs in late April, showed the highest density occurs in late June from Gochang. However, the incidence density was lower in Buan.

시정계 자료와 기계학습 기법을 이용한 지역 안개예측 모형 개발

김대하 한국수자원학회 2021 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.54 No.12

안개는 대체수자원이 될 수 있으나 교통사고 위험을 높이고 공항 운영에 제약을 가하는 사회적 영향이 큰 기상현상이다. 본 연구에서는 1 km 미만 가시거리(시정)로 정의되는 안개 발생을 기상자료로 예측하는 지역 기계학습모형을 개발하고 그 예측력을 평가하였다. 전라북도 지역의 10개 기상청 지상관측소의 2017-2019년 시정 및 기상관측자료로 앙상블 분류기법인 Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Light Gradient Boosting (LGB), Random Forests (RF)를 학습시켜 지역 안개 모형을 개발하였고 독립적인 2020년 자료로 모형의 사용성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 학습·검증기간(2017-2019)에는 True Skill Score를 기준으로 가장 높은 예측력을 보인 방법은 LGB 기법이었지만 다른 두 모형에 비해 False Alarm Ratio가 컸다. RF 모형과 XGB 방법 역시 기존 연구에 상응하는 예측성능을 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 2020년 자료를 입력해 안개 발생을 모의했을 때 세 모형의 예측성능은 2017-2019년 기간보다 떨어졌지만 모두 관측 안개일수의 공간분포와 일관되는 안개 위험을 예측했다. 세 기계학습 모형은 안개위험이 상대적으로 높은 지역을 추출하는 기법으로 사용이 가능할 것으로 보인다. While it could become an alternative water resource, fog could undermine traffic safety and operational performance of infrastructures. To reduce such adverse impacts, it is necessary to have spatially continuous fog risk information. In this work, tree-based machine-learning models were developed in order to quantify fog risks with routine meteorological observations alone. The Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Light Gradient Boosting (LGB), and Random Forests (RF) were chosen for the regional fog models using operational weather and visibility observations within the Jeollabuk-do province. Results showed that RF seemed to show the most robust performance to categorize between fog and non-fog situations during the training and evaluation period of 2017-2019. While the LGB performed better than in predicting fog occurrences than the others, its false alarm ratio was the highest (0.695) among the three models. The predictability of the three models considerably declined when applying them for an independent period of 2020, potentially due to the distinctively enhanced air quality in the year under the global lockdown. Nonetheless, even in 2020, the three models were all able to produce fog risk information consistent with the spatial variation of observed fog occurrences. This work suggests that the tree-based machine learning models could be used as tools to find locations with relatively high fog risks.

GIS를 이용한 산불발생위험지역 구분

이시영,안상현,원명수,이명보,임태규,신영철 한국지리정보학회 2004 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.7 No.2

산불로 인한 재해를 미연에 방지하고 피해를 저감하기 위해서는 산불발생위험지역을 사전에 파악하여 예방대책을 세울 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 산불발생인자에 따른 산불발생위험지역을 구분하고자 겸상북도 의성군에서 발생한 산불피해지역에 대하여 임상, 지형 등에 대하여 조사하였다. 조사된 요인들 간 독립성 유무를 상관분석을 이용하여 산불발생과 관련 있는 7개의 주제도를 선정하였으며, 선정된 주제도를 조건부확률과 지리정보시스템을 이용하여 산불발생확률을 계산하였다. 계산된 산불발생확률을 20개 등급으로 지수화하여 산불발생위험지역을 구분하였다. In order to decrease the area damaged by forest fires and to prevent the occurrence of forest fires, we are making an effort to improve prevention measures for forest fires. The objective of this study is to classify hazard regions where forest fires occur based on the factors that contribute to the occurrence of forest fires. Forest fire sites in the Uiseong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do were surveyed according to the factors of forest type and topographic characteristics where the forest fires occurred. We used a correlation analysis to determine the forest fire occurrence factors and a conditional probability analysis and GIS to determine a forest fire danger index. The resulting forest fire danger index was used in the classification of forest fire occurrence risk regions.

우리나라 지역별 초미세먼지(PM_2.5) 농도 추이와 고농도 발생 현황

여민주,김용표,Yeo, Minju,Kim, Yongpyo 한국입자에어로졸학회 2019 Particle and Aerosol Research Vol.15 No.2

The public's concern on ambient $PM_{2.5}$ has been increasing in Korea. We have estimated (1) the annual and monthly mean $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations, (2) the frequency by the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration interval, and (3) the high concentration occurrence duration time between 2015 and 2018 at 16 administration regions. We found that there have been differences in all three above parameters' trends among the studied 16 regions in Korea. Still, Jeonbuk showed the highest rank in all three parameters' trends. In Jeonbuk, the average $PM_{2.5}$ concentration and the sum of the frequency fraction when the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration being over $75{\mu}g/m^3$ between 2016 and 2018 was $28.4{\mu}g/m^3$ and 9.0%, respectively. And the days when the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration is over $50{\mu}g/m^3$ between 2015 and 2018 were 149. Chungbuk was the only region with the increasing trend of $PM_{2.5}$ concentration between 2016 and 2018. And in Seoul and Gyeonggi, the average $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations decreased whereas the high concentration frequency fraction increased between 2016 and 2018. Also, it is found that there have been differences in the trends of the frequency by the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration interval and the high concentration occurrence duration time between $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$.

文法性判定の地域差へのアプロ-チ : 眞僞判斷の副詞と疑問形式との共起關係を例として

李舜炯(Lee Soon-Hyeong) 동북아시아문화학회 2009 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.18

In this paper, for data collection, the questionnaire survey was conducted in several regions in Japan such as Tohoku, Kanto:・Koshinetsu, To:kai, Hokuriku, Kinki, Tsu:goku, Shikoku, and the Kyusyu. The questionnaire contained the grammaticality judgmen with regard to the sentences which include Epistemic adverbs (e.g.Kitto, Tabun, Osoraku, Do:mo, Do:yara, etc.) and interrogative forms. The data were analyzed with focus on the regional difference related to the meaning usage and the meaning function of the adverbs with the co-occurrence relation to interrogative Forms. The findings are as follows; 1) The significant regional difference with the Epistemic meaning usage was observed in the grammaticality judgement for the Epistemic adverbs, such as Kitto, Tabun, Osoraku, Do:mo, Do:yara, Moshikasite, Hyottoshite, Tashika, and Masaka. 2) On the other hand, there was no significant regional difference with regard to the adverbs which do not contain the Epistemic meaning such as Zettai, Kanarazu, Tashikani, Tashika, and Masaka. In addition, these adverbs were used in the meaning usage of ‘confirmation.’ The results showed that the difference regarding the grammaticality judgment in the same sentences might have been influenced by the individual linguistic intuition to the sentence. Furthermore, we can expect that the individual linguistic intuition has been affected by the usage of language at home, school, and the community that the speakers belong to. As a result, the implication that this study might have is that ‘regional common language grammar’ may exist and this can explain the regional difference.

월드컵공원 하늘공원지구 현존식생 및 초본식생구조 변화연구

한봉호,김지석,배정희,이경재,Han, Bong-Ho,Kim, Ji-Seok,Bae, Jeong-Hee,Lee, Kyong-Jae 한국조경학회 2008 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.36 No.1

This study examines the characteristics of the herbaceous vegetation structure of Haneul Park District in World Cup Park, which had previously been used as a landfill for 15 years. The survey was carried out through actual vegetation and vegetation structures from 2003 to 2006, biannually. Firstly, as a result of analysis of actual vegetation, the autumn season changed more quickly over the 2 year span than did the spring season in terms of actual vegetation area. Annual plants increased for the initial $3{\sim}4$ years and then perennial plants increased. Secondly, the results of analysis in vegetation structure are as follows: 1. The number of planted species gradually decreased. 2. Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens of the control region was maintained but Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii of the non-control region was invaded by Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Glycine soja and Phragmites communis etc. 3. Planted species in the control region were maintained in superior state, but the non-control region was changed by natural occurrence plants until 2006, the fourth year. 4. Physostegia virginiana and Aster koraiensis which were planted in the non-control region were maintained but most of planted species weakened and changed by natural occurrence plants including Erigeron annuus, Artemisia princeps, Setaria faberii and Phragmites communis etc. Based on the results, we suggested the management method of herbaceous vegetation in the Haneul Park District.

고려~조선시대 낙동강 상류 지역의 越境地 분석

정요근 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2015 한국문화 Vol.71 No.-

On the upper region of Nakdong-gang River where current Andong and Yeongju cities and Bonghwa, Yecheon and Uiseong counties of North Gyeongsang Province are located, some Wolgyeongji, territories of a county surrounded by other counties were spread in Joseon era. Those Wolgyeongji are classified into fifteen places, and most of them became Wolgyeongji in the middle and later Goryeo or earlier than that period. It means that the number of Wolgyeongji occurring through the reorganization of local administrative system enforced in end of Goryeo dynasty and early years of Joseon is not so many of those, and occurrence and extinction of Wolgyeongji is not the product from a certain fixed time but one could be appeared at any time. In addition to classification criteria like Wolgyeongji classification based on the origin of occurrence proposed in a previously published article, Wolgyeongji classification criterion based on the cause of occurrence should be newly utilized for systematic understanding on Goryeo and Joseon era’s Wolgyeongji.