스포츠사회과학 분야 학술지 설문연구와 역번역 사용동향

천버이,한준영 한국체육측정평가학회 2017 한국체육측정평가학회지 Vol.19 No.3

The survey method is one of the most frequently adopted research methods in social sciences of sport for a long time. Influx of survey questionnaires have been developed in different languages, and many domestic researchers have utilized many foreign survey questionnaires after a translation process. Or, researchers tend to use survey questionnaires that were already translated for previous studies that might lose its equivalence at a certain degree. However, many experts in translation have suggested that translating an original survey questionnaire should be a better way for establishing a proper equivalence. Given that, many previous studies have already employed the back translation technique in behavioral and bio-physical sciences. Nonetheless, lack of research as to back translation have been reported in social sciences of sport. Thus, the present study attempted to verify how many social science studies in sport utilized quantitative research methods including survey methods; how many social science studies of sport employed survey questionnaires from either a direct translation, a previously translated from previous literature, or a domestic survey; and, how many of the survey have utilized back translation techniques. So, 4 professional journals in social sciences of sport were selected, and 1,597 published articles of the journals from 2006 to 2016 were analyzed by using descriptive analyses, chi-square tests, and a Kruskal-Wallis test(a=.05). The results indicate that the quantitative method (50.5%) and the survey (41.5%) got less chosen although many research have still frequently utilized them in social sciences of sport. Also, many pre-translated survey questionnaires with modifications from previous literature were employed instead of direct translation from an original survey questionnaire. Lastly, only the 8.6% of the journal articles using survey questionnaires employed the back translation. In conclusion, the present study confirmed that social sciences of study have comparatively less used the back translation, and to establish validity and reliablity of a survey study the back translation should be adopted more. 스포츠사회과학에서 설문연구는 빈번히 사용되는 방법이다. 다수의 설문지는 국외에서 개발되어 직접 번역되거나기 번역된 번역본을 사용하기도 한다. 하지만, 학자들은 원 설문지를 역번역을 통해 번역의 정확성을 기해야한다고지적한다. 이에 일반 사회과학 분야나 행동과학, 자연과학 분야에서는 역번역의 사용이 비교적 다수 보고되고 있으나, 스포츠사회과학 분야에서의 사용 및 사용 동향 보고는 부족하다. 이 연구는 스포츠사회과학에서 양적연구로서설문연구가 최근 어느 정도 활용되는지, 어느 정도의 설문연구들이 국내외의 설문지를 사용하며, 국외 설문지를 번역하는데 역번역을 활용하는지 확인하기 위해, 2006년부터 2011년까지 스포츠사회과학 분야의 네 종류의 주요 학술지에 게재된 1,597편의 논문을 내용분석 하였으며, 기술분석과 카이스퀘어 테스트를 활용하였다. 연구결과는 여전히 양적연구방법(50.5%)과 설문연구(41.5%)가 스포츠사회과학에서 주요한 연구방법으로 채택되고 있지만 그 빈도가 최근 들어 줄어드는 추세이다. 그리고 다수의 기존 설문지를 한 연구에 혼용되며, 번역본 설문지를 통한 연구가많아 번역의 정확성에 대한 의문이 제기된다. 마지막으로, 정확한 설문지 번역을 위해 역번역이 추천되는 방법이나, 최근까지 스포츠사회과학 분야 연구들은 역번역이 낮은 수준(8.6%)으로 활용되고 있음을 이 연구는 지적하며, 향후설문연구에서 역번역의 적극적 사용을 제언한다.

The Benefits of Colorectal Surgery Surveys in Australia and New Zealand

Auerilius Erastus Ricardo Hamilton,Amelia Alice Lin,Christopher John Young 대한대장항문학회 2020 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.36 No.2

Purpose: Pertaining to the Colorectal Surgery Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSSANZ) Executive and Research Support Committee, this study aimed to assess the usefulness and outcomes of surveys sent out by the society to its members. Methods: From 2009 to 2017, CSSANZ members received 38 surveys, most of which were distributed from within the society, and a few of which originated from other affiliated groups. Surveys were categorised by type, topics, times required for completion, delivery method, response rates, and advancement to publication. Results: Of 38 surveys, 20 (53%) were published and 18 remain unpublished. Four surveys were distributed annually on average, with 2.2 published annually on average, with a mean impact factor of 2.41 ± 1.55. Mean time to publication was 31 ± 17 months. Surveys contributed to 13 publications (34%). The most common survey topics were rectal cancer decision-making, in 6 publications (16%), preoperative assessment of colorectal patients, in 5 publications (13%), and anal physiology: continence and defaecation, in 4 publications (11%). Publication of surveys was not related to the number of surveys distributed per year, the number of questions per survey, or the time required by respondents to complete the surveys. Conclusion: Most of the CSSANZ-distributed surveys resulted in publications, and one third of the surveys contributed to higher degrees obtained by investigators. These surveys aid research into areas that are otherwise difficult to assess, often indicating areas for future research.

국내 종합병원 환자만족도 조사현황 분석

이선희,김지인,조우현,이지전 한국의료QA학회 1998 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Background : It increasing the concern for patient satisfaction as a customer information. This study was planned to investigate the activities related to patient satisfaction survey at the Korean hospitals. Methods : We performed the nationwide survey on 235 general hospitals by using the self-administrated checklist from Sep. 9 to Oct. 9, 1996. The response rate were 50.2%. We analyzed the descriptive statistics and chi-square test by SAS software on 118 hospitals. Results : First of all, 62.7% of study hospitals showed to conduct the patient satisfaction survey, and most of hospitals which did not conduct it had a plan to do it within 5 years. The reason that hospitals did not conduct satisfaction survey was due to a lack of administrator's interest or adequate questionnaire form. Second, the bigger, public and being more located in the big city or opened more than 10 years, the more hospitals conducted the patient satisfaction survey. Also, patient satisfaction survey was mainly handled by planning dept. or administrative team. Third, most hospitals had their own way of making questionnaires without proving reliability and validity. The results of the survey were applied to hospital management timely, and were mostly reported to top manager level. Most CEO concerned about the results of satisfaction survey. Fourth, the staffs in charge of survey had problems such as skill related to data analysis and development of questionnaire and they suggested that this problems could be solved through inducing the implementation of the survey results on hospital management, support for the development of standardized questionnaires and increasing the top manager's interests. Fifth, most questionnaires composed of lots of questioning items on hospital equipments and environment, and kindness of hospital employee to patients. Conclusions : Although this study had some limitations in generalization due to low-response rate in big hospitals, it is meaningful to find the present state and the problems related to patient satisfaction survey of the general hospitals. We can conclude that there are increasing the concern for patient satisfaction survey among the hospitals nationwide, and it can be needed for technical support related to development of survey tool or method.

국민생활체육참여실태조사의 조사방법 개선방안

오상덕(Oh Sang-Duck),서진교(Seo Jin-Gyo) 한국체육과학회 2005 한국체육과학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study was to improvement plan of survey method for national sport participation survey in Korea. Concrete studies were to analysis national sport participation survey in Korea formerly conducted, to analyze the case of the health and sport surveys in Korea and foreign countries and to propose improvement plan of survey method for national sport participation survey. Research methods were collecting and analysing literatures on health and sport relative surveys in Korea and foreign countries and adopting opinion from expert witness. As the process mentioned above, results with afterwords are same. First, the scale of the survey should be conducted over 6,000 peoples. The subject of the study should be expended from 7 years to 80 years old peoples. Additional cost could be supported by state subvention or national sports promotion foundation. Second, Korea institute of sports science was constituted to conduct the survey. Separated research agency should organize a committee for survey and experts should take part in the survey essentially. Third, acquired row-data were administrated and made full use of relative analysis to some scholars. To solve the problems of second and third point, Ministry of Culture and Tourism should select a separated research agency. Fourth, school physical education and health should be added in survey substances and items. Also, formerly conducted person to person survey method should be changed to telephone survey one.

『시골말 캐기 잡책(方言 採集 手帖)』의 체재와 내용 체계 - 『簡約方言手帖』과의 대조를 중심으로 -

곽충구 진단학회 2023 진단학보 Vol.- No.140

In the 1920s and 1930s, dialect survey was being carried out for standard language assessment and dictionary compilation, centering on the Joseoneohakhoe("Korean Language Society") and the Joseoneosajeon pyeonchanhoe(“Korean Dictionary Compilation Committee"). At that day, Choi Hyun-bae asserted that it is necessary to survey and study dialects for ‘research and unification of Korean language and literature’, ‘preservation of national cultural heritage’, and compiled a questionnaire, Sigolmal kaegi japchaek, for a systematic and unified dialect survey. This questionnaire was compiled after partially changing the format of Ganyakbangeonsucheop(簡約方言手帖) of Tojo Misao(東條操) and selecting most of the survey items by Choi Hyun-bae in consideration of the Korean vocabulary system. Ganyak has 701 items, but Sigolmal has 878 items. In the case of astronomy and geography part, 54.8% of items matched with Ganyak, clothing part 36%, and human affairs and annual events part 22.9%. As for the 177 sub-items attached to the main item, semantic-related words (subordinate words, reference words, related words, honorific words, reference and address forms, collocations, etc.) and semantic-related words were selected and placed. Since the history and lexical system of the Korean language, society and culture, and the human and natural geographic environment are different from those of Japan, the selection of survey items has to be made independently. The items of phonological and grammatical section were selected in consideration of phonological variations and changes, pitch-accent, and grammatical characteristics of the Korean language. The selection of items was made while considering the vocabulary system, the amount of dialect, the distribution and differentiation of dialects, etc. with a focus on everyday language, and the current situation of standard language, standard pronunciation, and preservation of local culture, etc. As this questionnaire is the first dialect survey questionnaire in Korea, this questionnaire laid the foundation for a systematic survey, which made it possible to conduct a unified nationwide survey, and published data collections such as Pangeonjip(“Collection of Dialects") for the whole country. It can be said to be an important achievement of the history of Korean dialectology. 1920~30년대에는 <朝鮮語辭典編纂會>, <朝鮮語學會>를 중심으로 표준어 사정과 사전 편찬을 위한 방언 조사가 이루어지고 있었다, 이 시기에 외솔 최현배는 ‘조선어문의 연구 및 통일’, ‘민족 문화 유산의 보존’을 위한 방언 조사ㆍ연구의 필요성을 강조하고, 체계적이면서도 통일된 방언 조사를 위해 질문지 『시골말 캐기 잡책(方言 採集 手帖)』을 편찬하였다. 이 약식 질문지는 東條操(도조 미사오)의 『簡約方言手帖』을 藍本으로 삼아 편찬한 것이나 외솔이 그 체재의 일부를 바꾸고 국어의 어휘체계를 고려하여 대부분의 조사 항목을 새로 선정하였다. 『簡約方言手帖』의 조사 항목은 701항이지만 『시골말 캐기 잡책』은 878항이다. ‘말수 엮음(語彙編)’은 [천문․지리] 부문의 경우 『簡約』과 일치하는 항목이 54.8%, [의류]는 36%, [인사ㆍ연중행사]는 22.9%이다. 주 조사 항목에 딸린 177여의 보충 항목은 의미역 관계어(하위어, 참고어, 관련어, 존칭어, 지칭어와 호칭어, 연어 등)와 통사역 관계어(사피동사 파생과 같은 문법 범주 변화)로 구성되어 있다. 국어의 역사와 어휘체계, 사회ㆍ문화 및 인문ㆍ자연 지리 환경이 일본의 그것과 다르므로 조사 항목의 선정은 독자적으로 이루어질 수밖에 없다. ‘소리 엮음(音聲編)’과 ‘말본 엮음(語法編)’의 항목은 국어의 음운 변이와 변화, 고저 악센트 및 어법적 특징을 고려하여 선정하였는데 악센트 조사 항목은 지금도 운소 체계를 확인하는 데 유용하게 쓰이고 있다. 항목 선정은 일상어를 중심으로 어휘체계, 방언량, 방언 분포 및 분화 등을 고려하고 또 당면한 표준어 사정과 표준 발음, 향토 문화의 보존 등을 염두에 두면서 이루어진 것이므로 이 질문지의 편찬은 고심 찬 노력의 결실이다. 이 질문지는 국내에서 간행된 최초의 방언 조사 질문지로서 체계적인 조사의 기틀을 마련하였다는 점, 이로써 통일된 전국적인 조사가 가능하게 되어 『方言集』과 같은 전국을 대상으로 한 자료집이 간행되고 또 일부 지역어가 조사되었다는 점에서 국어 방언학사의 주요 업적의 하나라 할 수 있다.

Designing, Conducting, and Reporting Survey Studies: A Primer for Researchers

Zimba Olena,Gasparyan Armen Yuri 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.48

Survey studies have become instrumental in contributing to the evidence accumulation in rapidly developing medical disciplines such as medical education, public health, and nursing. The global medical community has seen an upsurge of surveys covering the experience and perceptions of health specialists, patients, and public representatives in the peri-pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 period. Currently, surveys can play a central role in increasing research activities in non-mainstream science countries where limited research funding and other barriers hinder science growth. Planning surveys starts with overviewing related reviews and other publications which may help to design questionnaires with comprehensive coverage of all related points. The validity and reliability of questionnaires rely on input from experts and potential responders who may suggest pertinent revisions to prepare forms with attractive designs, easily understandable questions, and correctly ordered points that appeal to target respondents. Currently available numerous online platforms such as Google Forms and Survey Monkey enable moderating online surveys and collecting responses from a large number of responders. Online surveys benefit from disseminating questionnaires via social media and other online platforms which facilitate the survey internationalization and participation of large groups of responders. Survey reporting can be arranged in line with related recommendations and reporting standards all of which have their strengths and limitations. The current article overviews available recommendations and presents pointers on designing, conducting, and reporting surveys.

Developing a short standard questionnaire for assessing work organization hazards: the Healthy Work Survey (HWS)

Choi BongKyoo,Seo Youngju 대한직업환경의학회 2023 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.35 No.1

Background: At present, no short standard questionnaire exists for assessing and comparing major work organization hazards in the workplaces of the United States. Methods: We conducted a series of psychometric tests (content validity, factor analysis, differential-item functioning analysis, reliability, and concurrent validity) to validate and identify core items and scales for major work organization hazards using the data from the 2002–2014 General Social Surveys (GSSs), including the Quality of Worklife (QWL) questionnaire. In addition, an extensive literature review was undertaken to find other major work organization hazards which were not addressed in the GSS. Results: Although the overall validity of the GSS-QWL questionnaire was satisfactory in the psychometric tests, some GSS-QWL items of work-family conflict, psychological job demands, job insecurity, use of skills on the job, and safety climate scales appeared to be weak. In the end, 33 questions (31 GSS-QWL and 2 GSS) were chosen as the least, but best validated core questions and included in a new short standard questionnaire (called the Healthy Work Survey [HWS]). And their national norms were established for comparisons. Furthermore, based on the literature review, fifteen more questions for assessing other significant work organization hazards (e.g., lack of scheduling control, emotional demands, electronic surveillance, wage theft) were included in the new questionnaire. Thus, the HWS includes 48 questions in total for assessing traditional and emerging work organization hazards, which covers seven theoretical domains: work schedule/arrangement, control, support, reward, demands, safety, and justice. Conclusions: The HWS is a short standard questionnaire for assessing work organization hazards which can be used as a first step toward the risk management of major work organization hazards in the workplaces of the US.

고령자의 저작 및 연하기능 평가 문진표 개발 및 적합성 평가

Hyoung Su Park,김돈규,Sang Yi Lee,Heesang Kim,Hoon Chang Suh 대한연하장애학회 2017 대한연하장애학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Objective: This study aims to develop a new screening dysphagia questionnaire for elderly people. Method: Initial questionnaire for mastication and swallowing function of elderly people were composed of 20 questions. Total of 30 experts were invited to participate in the Delphi survey, including physiatrists, occupational therapists and dietitians. Modified Delphi method was performed into two rounds. Twenty young adults and twenty elderly volunteers were tested with these items and were compared with other pre-existing tests. Also, validity of selected evaluating items was tested using VFSS. Result: For the first round of surveys, a consensus was reached on 72.5% of the questionnaire. Final agreement was reached on 98% of the questionnaire. The results of the first round survey with the 20 evaluation items and second round showed that the content validity ratio (CVR) and stability were high enough and met the criteria of consistent agreement from a group of specialists. The final round survey following the 1st and 2nd round survey was implemented, which finally reduced to 14 items from initial 20 items. The researcher allocated the items into the 3 categories. The score of the developed item were highly correlated with that of the pre-existing screening questionnaire and time parameters of the VFSS showing a significant difference according to the score. Conclusion: We developed a screening tool for evaluation of chewing nad swallowing function for the elderly people. Though it is necessary to be verified through large scale clinical studies, it may be simply applicable to the elderly people with mastication and swallowing dysfunction or could be evaluated by caregivers.

Design and Implementation of Questionnaire Creation System by Expert Collaboration

박희창,조광현 한국데이터정보과학회 2007 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.18 No.1

The main purpose of this paper is to develop a questionnaire creation system by expert co-operation on the web. The most difficult problem in a survey is to make questionnaires. To solve this problem, we suggest the questionnaire creation system which is to create questionnaire for survey by expert collaboration. We can create the best questionnaire because it can gather and exchange to questionnaire information from experts.

전신성 활동불능증(Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease) 진단 기준을 바탕으로 한 만성 피로 증후군(Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) 진단 설문지 개발 및 신뢰도 평가

임은진,손창규,장은수 대한한방내과학회 2020 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.41 No.3

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a questionnaire for the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) designed based on the systematic exertion intolerance disorder (SEID) criteria, and to validate the reliability of the questionnaire. Methods: A literature search on questionnaires for CFS diagnosis was conducted to develop a SEID questionnaire (SEID-Q27), followed by a pilot survey to identify the reliability of the questionnaire. Adults (Daejeon university personnel) with a Chalder fatigue scale (CFQ) score ≥15 were invited for the survey. We commenced the survey in November 2019 with a two weeks of interval for the test and retest method. The reliability of the questionnaire was investigated in three angles: 1. Cronbach’s α, 2. correlations (r) of the questions, numerical rating scale (NRS), and visual analog scale (VAS), and 3. kappa (k) analysis. Results: Among the total 275 adults registered, 55 (20%) participants with a CFQ score ≥15 were invited, and 31 (11%) [15 male, 16 female] completed the questionnaire. The total Cronbach’s α was 0.944 for the test and 0.949 for the retest. The reliability (r) of questions by CFQ score (≥15, ≥18, ≥20) ranged from 0.533–0.928 (p <0.05), and the r score of the NRS and VAS were the highest in CFQ scores ≥20, at 0.933 (p<0.001). The agreement rate of the SEID-Q27 between the test and retest was 87% (kappa k=0.743). Conclusions: The SEID-Q27 seems to be reliable. Further studies are needed to measure the validity of the tool and the cutoff point.