제강분진을 활용한 청색 세라믹 안료의 미립화 거동에 관한 연구

김혜진,한규성,황광택,남산,김진호,Kim, Hye-Jin,Han, Kyu-Sung,Hwang, Kwang-Taek,Nahm, Sahn,Kim, Jin-Ho 한국결정성장학회 2019 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.29 No.3

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD), which is a dust waste generated in the steel manufacturing process, contains heavy metals. Recently, researches of recycling a large amount of valuable metals such as zinc and iron in EAFD are being actively carried out. In this study, EAFD is used as a substitute for cobalt in blue ceramic pigments without any pretreatment. Then, the synthesized blue ceramic pigment using EAFD was micronized and formulated as a ceramic ink for inkjet printer. The particle size distribution, crystal structure and color characteristics during the micronization process were investigated for the development of ceramic ink. $Co_{0.75}Zn(EAFD)_{0.25}Al_2O_4$ ceramic pigments showed excellent blue coloric properties and monomodal distribution through micronization process. The average particle size of $Co_{0.75}Zn(EAFD)_{0.25}Al_2O_4$ ceramic pigments after 3 hours of milling was $0.271{\mu}m$, which is smaller than $0.303{\mu}m$, which is the average particle size of $CoAl_2O_4$ ceramic pigments without EAFD after 5 hours of milling. Especially, it was confirmed that $Co_{0.75}Zn(EAFD)_{0.25}Al_2O_4$ ceramic pigments showed a color difference (${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$) value of 5.67, which smaller than ${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ value of $CoAl_2O_4$ during micronization. These results show that EAFD can be used as a raw material for a blue ceramic pigment by replacing expensive cobalt without any pretreatment. 제강분진(Electric arc furnace dust)은 제강공정에서 발생하는 분진폐기물로서 중금속을 다량 포함하고 있어 관리가 매우 중요하다. 제강분진은 아연, 철 등의 유가금속을 다량 함유하고 있기 때문에 최근 이를 재활용하는 연구가 활발하게 진행 중이며, 본 연구에서는 전처리 과정 없이 제강분진을 청색 계열의 세라믹 안료의 코발트를 대체할 수 있는 원료로 사용하였다. 또한 합성된 청색 세라믹 안료를 잉크젯 프린팅용 세라믹 잉크로 개발하기 위해 미립화 과정에서의 입도 분포, 결정 구조 및 발색 특성 변화에 대해 고찰하였다. 제강분진이 첨가된 $Co_{0.75}Zn(EAFD)_{0.25}Al_2O_4$ 세라믹 안료는 우수한 청색 발색 특성을 보이며, 어트리션 밀링(Attrition Milling)을 이용한 미립화 공정을 통하여 단정(monomodal) 분포의 입도를 확보할 수 있었다. 3시간 밀링 후 $Co_{0.75}Zn(EAFD)_{0.25}Al_2O_4$ 세라믹 안료의 평균 입도는 $0.271{\mu}m$로 제강분진이 첨가되지 않은 $CoAl_2O_4$ 세라믹 안료의 5시간 밀링 후의 평균 입도인 $0.303{\mu}m$보다 더욱 작은 것을 확인하였다. 특히, $Co_{0.75}Zn(EAFD)_{0.25}Al_2O_4$ 세라믹 안료는 미립화 공정 중 발색 변화(${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$) 값이 5.67로 $CoAl_2O_4$ 보다 작아서 더 우수한 발색 특성을 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 분진폐기물인 제강분진을 어떠한 전처리 과정 없이 고가의 코발트를 대체하여 청색 계열의 세라믹 안료의 원료로 사용할 수 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다.

극초단파를 이용한 목질 바이오매스의 화학적 분산

나기백(Gi-Baek Nah),류지애(Ji-Ae Ryu),이중명(Jung-Myoung Lee),엄태진(Tae-Jin Eom) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2017 펄프.종이技術 Vol.49 No.4

As a basic study for the new materialization of biomass, the chemical dispersion of biomass using microwave was performed under various conditions. And the characteristics of dispersed residues were compared with various conditions. According to the reaction condition of microwave, the residual ratio by chemical micronization of wood meals was decreased, and Klason lignin of residues were also decreased. However, the content of acid soluble lignin did not show any significant difference. These results indicate that the chemical dispersion reaction using microwave showed the lowest residual lignin content at 60 seconds of reaction time and 2.5% of the catalyst condition or at 120 seconds and 2.0%. It is expected that the residual ratio and the residual lignin content can be controlled by the catalyst content and reaction time in the chemical micronization.

아염소산화법으로 처리된 LAS 미세 잔류물의 용해성

최효석,이중명 한국펄프·종이공학회 2018 펄프.종이技術 Vol.50 No.6

Pine organosolv residues containing 13.0% residual lignin was prepared by the LAS (low temperature, atmospheric pressure, and short reaction time) pulping method. In order to produce a series of LAS micronized-residues with different residual lignin contents from 3.0% to 9.0%, the LAS micronized-residues was treated by sodium chlorite. Each LAS micronized-residues was subjected to dissolution treatments in a urea/NaOH/water solution to investigate the effect of lignin content. With the decrease of residual lignin content of the LAS micronized-residues from 13.0% to 3.0%, the dissolution yield of residues was increased by only 2.5%, suggesting that the removal of residual lignin in the residues did not significantly affect the dissolution yield. This result indicated that the combination effects of DP (degree of polymerization), hemicellulose and lignin contents in the residues on dissolutions were involved in a complex way.

리그닌 함유 마이크로 파이버가 첨가된 수초지의 강도 특성

최사랑,이중명 한국펄프·종이공학회 2023 펄프.종이기술 Vol.55 No.1

This study explores the effects of using lignin-rich microfibers as a reinforcing material to enhance paper strength. The microfibers prepared by alkaline kneading of organosolv pulp for 1 to 3 hours were characterized in terms of fiber dimensions, residual lignin content, freeness, and water retention value. Longer alkaline kneading times were more effective for improved fiber micronization. In addition, freeness decreased and water retention value increased as a result of the kneading treatment. The microfibers were added at increasing amounts (1%, 3%, and 5% based on oven-dry weight) to commercial bleached kraft pulp to evaluate the effect of microfiber content on handsheet strength. The results showed that microfibers at a level of 5% increased the tensile index of the handsheet by up to 8%, indicating that lignin-rich microfibers have a high potential for use as paper strength additives. .

Effects of Micronization on the In situ and In vitro Digestion of Cereal Grains

McAllister, T.A.,Sultana, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.7

The effects of micronization on in situ and in vitro nutrient disappearances of wheat, barley and corn were investigated in a series of experiments. In Experiment 1, chemical composition and in situ dry matter disappearance (DMD) of six varieties of wheat were determined. In addition, an in vitro study was completed using ground micronized and unmicronized wheat (var. Kansas). In Experiment 2, three varieties of wheat (Kansas, Sceptre and Laura) and in Experiment 3, three cereal grains (wheat, barley and corn) were either micronized for 1 min to attain internal kernel temperatures of 90-100$^{\circ}C$ or not (controls), and DM, protein and starch disappearances were estimated. In Experiment 2, an in vitro study was also completed using ground micronized and unmicronized wheat (var. Kansas). Wheat samples varied with respect to crude protein (10.0-21.2%), starch (61.6-73.9%), NDF (8.5-11.8%), volume weight (753-842 g/L) and kernel hardness (0.0-32.0). Rate (p = 0.003) and extent (p = 0.001) of in situ DMD differed among wheat varieties. Correlations between in situ kinetics, and chemical and physical properties of wheat varieties showed that protein content was negatively correlated with the rate of disappearance ($r^2$ = -0.77). Micronization of all grains markedly reduced (p = 0.001) the rate and extent of DM, and protein disappearances as compared to control samples. Micronization increased (p<0.05) the digestion of starch in wheat. However, release of ammonia into the incubation medium was markedly reduced (p<0.05), suggesting that micronization increased the resistance of protein to microbial digestion. Disappearances of DM, protein and starch differed (p = 0.001) among cereal grains with wheat>barley>corn. Micronization reduced the rate of DM disappearance (p = 0.011) and slowly degradable protein fractions (p = 0.03), however, increased (p = 0.004) slowly degradable starch fractions of all three cereals. Examination of in situ samples by scanning electron microscopy confirmed that microbial colonization focused on starch granules in micronized grains, and that the protein matrix exhibited resistance to microbial colonization. These results suggest that micronization may be used to increase the ruminal escape value of protein in cereal grains, but may lead to increased starch digestion if grains are finely ground.

Micronization of a poorly water-soluble drug, fenofibrate, via supercritical-fluid-assisted spray-drying

Kim Jeong-Soo,Park Heejun,강규태,Ha Eun-Sol,김민수,Hwang Sung-Joo 한국약제학회 2022 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.52 No.3

Purpose In the present study, fenofibrate (a model drug with poor aqueous solubility) was micronized using the supercriticalfluid- assisted spray-drying (SA-SD) process to improve dissolution and biopharmaceutical property. Methods Solid-state characterizations including particle size analysis and dissolution test were carried out. To identify the main effects of SA-SD process parameters (such as pressure, temperature, concentration of drug solution, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) injection rate, and drug solution injection rate) on the morphology and particle size distribution of micronized fenofibrate particles, a 27−3 IV fractional factorial screening design was employed. Moreover, the effect of improved dissolution rate via micronization using SA-SD technology on the biopharmaceutical properties of fenofibrate was evaluated in a pharmacokinetic (PK) study in Sprague–Dawley rats. Results The results of the screening design showed that the mean particle size and distribution can be controlled by manipulating the drug solution concentration and CO2 injection rate. The SA-SD process resulted in a significant decrease in mean particle size (1.8–8.33 μm), as compared with that of unprocessed fenofibrate (24.2 ± 0.8 μm). There was a significant enhancement in the dissolution rate of micronized fenofibrate particles smaller than 5 μm compared to that of unprocessed fenofibrate. Moreover, an in vivo PK study in Sprague–Dawley rats showed that the increased dissolution rate improved biopharmaceutical properties (larger area under the curve and maximum serum concentration) of micronized fenofibrate than those of unprocessed fenofibrate. Conclusion Therefore, the SA-SD process is a useful micronization technology for improving both physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of poorly water-soluble drugs.

Comparative analysis of blood concentrations for orally administered micronized and non-micronized florfenicol in Sprague-Dawley rats

( Chun Nam Cha ),( Yong Jae Ryu ),( Eun Ah Yu ),( Hyunju Choi ),( Beom Jun Lee ),( Young Ju Lee ),( Suk Kim ),( Hu Jang Lee ) 한국예방수의학회(구 한국수의공중보건학회) 2013 예방수의학회지 Vol.37 No.1

Abstract: Florfenicol is a fluorinated analog of thiamphenicol and has been used for the treatment of animal respiratory infectious diseases with a mechanism of action that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. The aim of this study was conducted to investigate the effect of micronized and non-micronized-florfenicol in rats. Forty adult male Sprague Dawiey rats (6 weeks of age, body weight 126.8 ± 9.52 g) were randomly allocated to two treatments groups: MF treated with micronized florfenicol powder (particle size, over 90% was 10/cm) and NMF treated with non-micronized florfenicol powder (particle size, over 70% was 100/cm) were given 97.5 mg/kg body weight once daily for four days. The results showed that MF at day 2, 3 (p<0.05) and 4 (p<0.001) had a signiflcantly increased serum concentration of florfenicol compared to NMF. The results show that the micronization of florfenicol may provide higher oral bioavailability of the drug compared to its normal from.

Comparison of blood concentration for oral administration of micronized and non-micronized amoxicillin in Sprague-Dawley rats

류용재,차춘남,박은기,유은아,이범준,김석,이후장 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2013 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.14 No.1

Amoxicillin, a well-known antibiotic, has a broad spectrum against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of micronized and non-micronized amoxicillin prepared using different comminution techniques on change in blood concentration of rats. Forty adult male Sprague Dawley rats (6~7 weeks of age, body weight 128.3 ± 10.7 g) were randomly allocated to two treatment groups: micronized amoxicillin (MA) group treated with micronized amoxicillin trihydrate powder (particle size, over 90% of 10 μm), non-micronized amoxicillin (NMA) group treated with non-micronized amoxicillin trihydrate powder (particle size, over 70% of 100 μm), given 480 mg/kg body weight once daily for four days. The results showed a significant increase in serum concentration in the MA group on days 3 and 4, compared to the NMA group (P<0.05). In particular, serum concentration of the MA group on day 4 was increased almost two times that of the NMA group. The results indicate that due to the increase of the drug’s oral bioavailability, higher serum concentration would be achieved with the micronized amoxicillin trihydrate than with the non-micronized drug.

Comparative analysis of blood concentrations for orally administered micronized and non-micronized florfenicol in Sprague-Dawley rats

차춘남,이범준,이후장,Young-Jae Rye,최현주,김석,이영주,유은아 한국예방수의학회 2013 예방수의학회지 Vol.37 No.1

Florfenicol is a fluorinated analog of thiamphenicol and has been used for the treatment of animal respiratory infectious diseases with a mechanism of action that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. The aim of this study was conducted to investigate the effect of micronized and non-micronized-florfenicol prepared with different comminution techniques on the change in the blood concentration of florfenicol in rats. Forty adult male Sprague Dawley rats (6 weeks of age, body weight 126.8±9.52 g) were randomly allocated to two treatments groups: MF treated with micronized florfenicol powder (particle size,over 90% was 10 μm) and NMF treated with non-micronized florfenicol powder (particle size, over 70% was 100 μm) were given 97.5 mg/kg body weight once daily for four days. The results showed that MF at day 2, 3 (p<0.05) and 4 (p<0.001)had a significantly increased serum concentration of florfenicol compared to NMF. The results show that the micronization of florfenicol may provide higher oral bioavailability of the drug compared to its normal form.

고압증기처리에 의한 목질 바이오매스의 미분화

안은별(Eun-Byeol Ahn),김강재(Kang-Jae Kim),류지애(Ji-Ae Ryu),이중명(Jung Myoung Lee),엄태진(Tae-Jin Eom) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2018 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.10