Extraction of mangiferin from Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) using subcritical water

Wan-Joo Kim,김재덕,Bambang Veriansyah,Youn-Woo Lee,김재훈 한국공업화학회 2010 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.16 No.3

A pharmacological active component, mangiferin, was extracted from Mahkota Dewa using subcritical water extraction. The subcritical water extractions were carried out at temperatures ranging 323–423 K,pressures ranging 0.7–4.0 MPa, and extraction times ranging 1–7 h. Extraction yield of mangiferin was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The extraction yield was strongly dependent on the temperature while weakly dependent on the extraction pressure. As the extraction temperature increased, the extraction mangiferin yield increased, possibly resulting from the decrease in polarity of subcritical water at higher temperature. At an optimal extraction condition of 373 K, 4.0 MPa and extraction time of 5 h, the extraction yield of mangiferin was 21.7 mg/g. This value was close to the extraction yield with methanol (25.0 mg/g) and higher than those with water (18.6 mg/g) or ethanol (13.2 mg/g) at their boiling points. 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.

소리쟁이(Rumex crispus) 뿌리로부터 가용성 고형분의 추출특성

정갑섭 ( Kap Seop Jeong ) 한국환경과학회 2011 한국환경과학회지 Vol.20 No.10

In this study, the extraction characteristics of soluble solid from Rumex crispus(Curled dock) was studied from the investigation of the effects of experimental conditions on extraction rate; extraction ratio, composition of extractants, extraction time and pH of extractant, etc. The proximate composition of Rumex crispus was 2.58% crude lipid, 5.59% crude protein, 7.39% crude ash, 6.13% moisture and 78.31% carbohydrate, respectively. Turbidity of extract by distilled water was higher and increased with extraction time and extraction temperature, where as the turbidity didn`t increase by ethanol and methanol in 20 folds of extraction ratio. Turbidity was inversely proportional to the extraction ratio for the three extractants at 25℃ and 1 hour extraction. But turbidity of extract was highest by composition of 50% methanol-water extractant than any other compositions of extractants. Eighteen and fifteen free aminoacids were detected in extracts with distilled water, methanol and ethanol extractant, respectively, and it`s contents were order of glutamic acid>proline>aminobutyric acid>alanine. The extraction rate of soluble solid from Rumex crispus was order of distilled water>methanol>ethanol within experimental extraction ratio. In extraction with distilled water, the contents of soluble solid was inversely proportional to the pH of extractant.

굴패각 분말로부터 칼슘 이온 추출과 불순물 제거

윤유정,고현주,류영복 한국산학기술학회 2022 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.23 No.9

This study was conducted to obtain the appropriate calcium extraction condition for the production of PCC using oyster shells. Different extractants were used to examine the effect from the ratio of oyster shell powder to extractant (the solid-to-liquid ratio), from the particle size of the oyster shell powders, from the extraction time, and from the concentration of the extractant. The extracted filtrate in which the oyster shell powders were dissolved removed impurities through pH adjustments, and increased the purity of the calcium ions. Characterization of the powders and precipitates before and after the extraction process was carried out through XRD, XRF, and TGA-DSC, and the calcium ion concentration in the extraction filtrate was measured using a calcium electrode and ICP. According to XRD analyses, the oyster shell powders used in the experiment showed aragonite crystals, heat-treated powders at 400 ℃ were partially transformed into calcite, and all the oyster shell powders were transformed into calcium oxide at 900 ℃. As a result of reviewing the extraction conditions, the appropriate extractants were acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, etc., the concentration of the extractant was 1M, the particle size of the powders was 200 μm or less, the solid-to-liquid ratio was 50 g/L, and the extraction time was 30 minutes. During the pH adjustment process, when hydrochloric acid was used as the extractant, a small amount of impurities (iron oxide) was found to precipitate. When acetic acid was used, impurities were not observed, and calcium extraction efficiency was 90% compared to hydrochloric acid. Considering the extraction efficiency and removal of impurities, we suggest using acetic acid as an extractant. 본 연구는 굴패각을 활용해 PCC 합성에 적절한 칼슘 추출 조건 확보를 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 서로 다른 추출제를 사용하여 굴패각 분말과 추출제의 비율(고액비), 굴패각 분말의 입도, 추출 시간, 추출제의 농도에 따른 영향을 살펴보았다. 굴패각 분말이 용해된 추출 여액은 pH 조절을 통해 불순물을 제거하고, 칼슘 이온의 순도를 높였다. 추출 과정 전, 후의 분말과 침전물에 대한 특성 분석은 XRD, XRF, TGA-DSC를 통해 실시하였고, 추출 여액 내 칼슘 이온 농도는 칼슘 전극과 ICP를 활용하여 측정하였다. XRD 분석 결과 실험에 사용한 굴패각 분말은 aragonite 결정구조를 보였으며, 400 ℃로 열처리한 분말에서 calcite가 확인되었고, 900 ℃부터는 전부 산화칼슘으로 전이된 것을 관찰하였다. 추출 조건 검토 결과, 사용 가능한 추출제는 아세트산, 염산이었으며, 추출제의 농도는 1 M, 분말의 입도 200 ㎛ 이하, 고액비 50 g/L, 추출 시간은 30분이 적절하였다. pH 조절 과정에서 염산을 추출제로 사용한 경우, 미량의 불순물(산화철)이 침전되는 것이 발견되었다. 아세트산을 사용한 경우, 불순물이 관찰되지 않았으며 염산 대비 90 % 수준의 칼슘 추출 효율을 보였다. 추출 효율, 불순물 유입 방지 등을 고려하였을 때, 아세트산을 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.

아까시 나무 고온추출물의 항염증 효과

노종현,강병만,정원석 한국자원식물학회 2018 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.31 No.4

This study was conducted to compare anti-inflammatory effect of Robinia pseudoacacia L. using different extraction methods (water extraction, ethanol extraction and high temperature extraction). We investigated anti-inflammatory effect of Robinia pseudoacacia L. extract (RP1, water extract; RP2, ethanol extract; RP3, high temperature extract) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation using Raw 264.7 cell. Cells were treated with various concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 100 or 200 ㎍/㎖) of water extract, ethanol extract and high temperature extract. Cytotoxicity was not observed on Raw 264.7 cells, LPS-stimulated production of NO (nitric oxide), PGE2 (prostaglandin E2) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) was reduced by RP3 treatment more than RP1 and RP2. In conclusion, these results indicated that inflammation on Raw 264.7 cells was improved by RP3. Treatment of RP3 could be used to natural medicine for improving inflammatory response. However, further experiment is required to observe how the high temperature extraction at 500℃ for 48 h influences on alteration of active ingredient in Robinia pseudoacacia L., and conducts the inflammation signal pathway on Raw 264.7 cells. Key words - Extraction, Inflammation, Raw 264.7 cells, Robinia pseudoacacia L. 본 연구는 아까시나무의 물 추출물, 에탄올 추출물 및 고온추출물을 이용하여 마우스 대식세포주인 Raw 264.7 세포에 대해 염증억제 효과가 있는지 알아보고자 수행하였다. RP1(아까시 나무 물 추출물), RP2(아까시 나무 에탄올 추출물) 및 RP3(아까시 나무 고온 추출물)은 세포생존율 분석에서 200 ㎍/㎖의 농도까지 Raw 264.7 세포에 세포독성을 나타나지 않았다. NO 생성 억제효과를 분석하였을 때 LPS 처리군 과 비교하여 RP3는약 87% 정도의 억제효과를 나타내 RP1과 RP2에 비해 NO 억제활성이 가장 높았다. 뿐만 아니라 RP3는 RP1과 RP2와 비교하여염증매개인자의 억제율이 각각 PGE2 (86.3%), TNF-α (64.1%), IL-6 (65.1%) 및 IL-1β (63.3%)로 가장 높았다. 이는 RP3의 처리가 LPS에 의해 증가된 염증매개인자의 분비를 억제함을 통해항염증 효과가 있을 것으로 생각되며, 염증관련 신호전달경로에 직접적으로 작용할 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 하지만Raw 264.7 세포주는 염증조절복합체를 구성하는 ASC 단백질이 발현되지 않아 다른 신호전달 경로를 통해 염증매개인자를분비하기 때문에, 설치류의 대식세포를 직접 일차배양(primary culture)하여 이에 관련된 신호전달경로를 확인하는 추가 실험이 필요하다고 사료된다.

후박 및 대조추출혼합물이 골조직 재생에 미치는 영향

이용무,구영,배기환,정종평,Lee, Yong-Moo,Ku, Young,Bae, Ki-Hwan,Chung, Chong-Pyoung 대한치주과학회 1997 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.27 No.1

The purpose of this study was to perform on the biological activity of Magnolia and Zizyphi fructus extract mixtures on the wound healing of defected rat calvaria. For the determination of the mixture ratio of two extracts for oral administration, preliminary experiments were performed with the mixture combination of 2000 and $3000{\mu}g/ml$ of Magnolia extract, and also 20, 30, 200, 300, 2000 and $3000{\mu}g/ml$ of Zizyphi fructus extract, respectively and divided into 6 groups. The combination of extracts mixture were tested on the enhancing effect of cellular activity. The effect of the extracts mixture on the cellular activity was evaluated using MTT method and measured on the results with optical density by ELISA reader. The ability to tissue regeneration of the extracts mixture was performed by measuring new bone and new connective tissue regeneration on the 5mm defected rat calvaria for 1, 2 and 3 weeks after oral administration of 2 different dosages groups : 10:1(0.1g/kg) and 10:1(0.5g/kg). It was employed the same dosages of unsaponifiable fraction of Zea Mays L as positive controls. Each group of rat was sacrificed and en bloc section for histological examination. The effect on the cellular activity of each mixture ratio showed significantly higher in $2000{\mu}g/ml$ of Magnolia extract and $200{\mu}g/ml$ of Zizyphi fructus extract group to compare with other groups. These preliminary results showed that appropriate mixture ratio of two extracts was 10:1 of Magnolia and Zizyphi fructus extract. Histological examination on the activity of tissue regeneration of each group showed that 2weeks and 3weeks specimens of 0.5g/kg of 10:1 extract mixture of Magnolia and Ziziphi fructus administrated rat calvaria revealed significantly more osteoid and new bone formation of defected calvaria with unification of defected area than the specimens of any other negative and positive controls. Even though the specimen administrated the same dosages of unsaponifiable fraction of Zea Mays L, positive controls, showed the trend that they promote significantly the repair of calvarial defect, their bone reparative activities were less inductive than the same dosages of Magnolia and Ziziphi fructus extract mixture. These results implicated that the mixture of Magnolia and Zizyphi fructus extracts should be highly effective on the wound healing of bony defected site and might have potential possibilities as an useful drug to promote periodontal tissue regeneration.

Green liquor extraction of hemicellulosic fractions and subsequent organic acid recovery from the extracts using liquid-liquid extraction

Kim, S.J.,Kwon, H.S.,Kim, G.H.,Um, B.H. Elsevier 2015 INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS Vol.67 No.-

Extractions of hard- and softwood chips were carried out using green liquor with varying alkali charges (1%, 3%, and 5% on dry wood weight). The pulp yield of a mill was sustained while producing a by-product stream of extracted hemicellulose. The extractions were performed at 180<SUP>o</SUP>C for 18min and the pre-pulping extracts contained mostly xmg (=xylose+mannose+galactose), acetic acid, and formic acid. We investigated the use of a liquid extractive agent in removing fermentation inhibitors. The extraction potential of each solvent was examined at an organic to aqueous phase ratio of 1:1. The liquid-liquid extractions were performed at different temperatures (25-65<SUP>o</SUP>C) and pH values (0.5-3.5) for 36min. The extraction potentials of trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and trialkylphosphine oxide (TAPO) were compared to determine their application in industrial-scale extraction. It was determined that the acetic acid extraction efficiency of TAPO was higher than that of TOPO. The maximum acetic acid extraction yields for the extracts derived from hard- and softwood were 83.1% and 82.1%, respectively, using TAPO as an extractant at 25<SUP>o</SUP>C and pH 0.5.

Extraction Behavior of Caffeine and EGCG from Green and Black Tea

이광진,이상훈 한국생물공학회 2008 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.13 No.5

A dipping method was developed to extract the catechins (EGCG) and alkaloids (caffeine) from green tea (Korea) and black tea (Sri Lanka). The effects of the solvent composition (water vs. ethanol), extraction time, temperatures, and solvent pH on the amount of catechins (EGCG) and alkaloids (caffeine) extracted from green and black tea were investigated. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used to analyze the catechins (EGCG) and alkaloids (caf-feine) extracted. The content of EGCG and caffeine in green tea extracts was in the range of 2.04~0.30 and 10.22~0.85 mg/g, respectively. The amount of EGCG and caffeine in black tea extracts was in the range of 0.32~0.24 and 5.26~1.01 mg/g, respectively. The amount of caffeine extracted from green and black tea was greater than the amount of EGCG. Pure water is the best solvent for extracting EGCG and caffeine from green tea. The amount of caffeine extracted from green and black tea increased as the temperature, extraction time, and hydrogen ion concentration of the solvent increased. Although the amount of EGCG extracted from green tea increased as the temperature increased, the amount of EGCG extracted from black tea was not affected by temperature. The extraction of EGCG from both green and black tea was not affected by the hydrogen ion concentration of the solvent.

마이크로웨이브 에너지를 이용한 안젤리카로부터 유효성분의 추출

이승범 ( Seung Bum Lee ),김훈기 ( Hoon Gi Kim ),전길송 ( Gil Song Jeon ),홍인권 ( In Kwon Hong ) 한국공업화학회 2016 공업화학 Vol.27 No.3

본 연구에서는 안젤리카로부터 기능성 유효성분을 추출하기 위해 기존의 용매추출법과 마이크로웨이브 추출법을 이용하여 각 변수에 따른 추출량을 확인하였다. 또한 안젤리카로부터 추출된 유효성분의 항산화능 및 플라보노이드성분 함량, 총폴리페놀성분 함량 등을 측정함으로써 유효성분의 기능성을 평가하였다. 기존의 용매추출법의 최적조건인 추출시간(2 h), 주정/초순수의 부피비(60 vol%), 추출온도(60 ℃)에서 20.6 wt%의 유효성분이 추출되었다. 또한 마이크로웨이브 추출법의 최적조건인 마이크로웨이브 조사시간(6 min), 마이크로웨이브 세기(600 W), 주정/초순수의 부피비(60 vol%)의 조건에서 유효성분이 22.8 wt% 추출되어 기존의 용매추출법에 비해 빠른 시간에 추출이 완료됨을 알 수 있었다. 안젤리카로부터 추출된 유효성분의 추출량 유효성분의 항산화능은 DPPH radical scavening activity로 31.46%이었고, 플라보노이드성분 함량은 14.20 mg QE/mg dw, 그리고 총 폴리페놀 함량은 11.70 mg GAE/g으로 나타났다. In this study, the extractable content of each parameters from angelica was confirmed using conventional solvent extraction and microwave extraction in order to extract the functional active ingredient. In addition, the functionality of active ingredients was evaluated by measuring the antioxidant activity and the flavonoids and total polyphenols of the active ingredient extracted from angelica, For the conventional solvent extraction at optimal conditions of the extraction time (2 h), ethanol/pure water volume ratio (60%), the extraction temperature (60 ℃), 20.6 wt% of the active ingredient were extracted. Also, when using microwave extraction at optimal conditions of the microwave irradiation time (6 min), microwave intensity (600 W) and ethanol/ pure water volume ratio (60 vol%) 22.8 wt% of the active ingredient were extracted. The microwave method required shorter time to complete extraction compared to that of using the conventional solvent extraction method. The antioxidant activity of active ingredients extracted from angelica was 31.46% of DPPH radical scavening activity. The flavonoid content was 14.20 mg QE/mg dw, and total polyphenol content was 11.70 mg GAE/g when using the microwave extraction process.

Separation of Pt(IV) and Rh(III) from Chloride Solution by Solvent Extraction with Amine and Neutral Extractants

Sun, P. P.,Lee, J. Y.,Lee, M. S. The Japan Institute of Metals 2011 Materials transactions Vol.52 No.11

<P>Solvent extraction experiments were performed to separate platinum and rhodium from mixed chloride solution by using amine and neutral extractants. Effects of extraction conditions on the separation of the two metals were investigated as a function of extractant concentration in the HCl concentration range from 1 to 9 mol/dm<SUP>3</SUP>. Alamine304-1, Alamine308, Alamine336, Aliquat336, TBP, TOPO and DOS were tested in our study. The concentration of Pt(IV) and Rh(III) in the mixed solution was fixed at 0.001 mol/dm<SUP>3</SUP> and 0.0001 mol/dm<SUP>3</SUP>, respectively. In the extraction with amine, Pt was completely extracted irrespective of HCl concentration, while the extraction percentage of Rh depended on extraction condition. In the extraction with neutral extractants, the extraction percentage of Rh was nearly zero whereas 1 mol/dm<SUP>3</SUP> TOPO completely extracted most of Pt in our experimental range. Separation of Pt from Rh by amines except Alamine336 was possible only from 9 mol/dm<SUP>3</SUP> HCl solution, while complete separation of the two metals by TOPO was possible in the HCl concentration range from 1 to 9 mol/dm<SUP>3</SUP>. From the consideration of the economics of the separation process, our results indicate that TBP is better than TOPO in separating Pt and Rh from chloride solution.</P>

대조 추출물분획이 치은 섬유아세포의 생물학적 활성화에 미치는 영향

양창호,이용무,조기영,배기환,정종평,Yang, Chang-Ho,Lee, Yong-Moo,Cho, Ki-Yeong,Bae, Ki-Hwan,Chung, Chong-Pyoung 대한치주과학회 1994 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.24 No.1

Final goal of periodontal treatment is to reconstruct the destructed periodontal tissue as well as to remove the necrotic pathologic elements. The purpose of this study is to investigate on the effect of Zizyphi extract to the inhibitory ability on collagenolytic activity of P gingivalis, biologic activity of gingival fibroblasts, and on the collagen and protein synthesis of gingival fibroblasts. Gingival fibroblast from giniva of first bicuspids from patient for orthodontic treatment were used and cultured. For the measurement of inhibitory ability of collagenolytic activity, crude enzyme was extracted and used on the basis of modified Ono's method. On the inhibition of collagenolytic enzyme from herbal extracts, collagenokit CLN-100 were used. The cellular activity of gingival fibroblast, were studied using MTT solution and measured optical density on 570mm by ELISA reader. To measure the effects on the ability of whole protein and collagen synthesis, cell membrane was destructed with ultrasonic grinder after culturing, centrifuged and counted by liquid scintilation counter. The inhibitory effects on producing of $IL-l{\beta}$ by monocyte, after promotion of producing $IL-l{\beta}$ by LPS, were compared with the mixture of herbal extracts and other drugs using thymocyte stimulation assay. About inhibitory effects of $PGF_2$. by gingival fibroblasts, herbal extract was compared with the addition of the other control groups using enzyme imunoassay. On the inhibition of collagenolytic activity by P. gingivalis, benzene extracts showed the most efficient inhibitory effects among the $19{\mu}g/ml$ of the compared extracts and 40.5% by Tetracycline. On the cellular activity promoting effects, compared extracts showed a bit of more effects than PDGF of $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentration and IGF of $20{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. All of the PDGF, IGF, Zizyphi Fructus extract should increase in collagen synthesis, but especially 70% ethylalcohol extracts of Zizyphi Fructus showed comparably high effects among the compared extracts. Effects on whole protein synthesis were slightly increased on every extract but especially 70% ethylalcohol extract showed significantly effective than any other estract. On the inhibitory effects of Zizyphi Fructus $IL-l{\beta}$ production by monocyte, compared extracts showed 70% of highly inhibitory effect than that of 60% inhibition effects on controlled group and each extracts showed no significant difference. In $PGF_2$ production inhibitroy effect of Zizyphi Fructus gingival fibroblasts, Herbal extracts showed 70% of inhibition comparing with tat of 90.2% of controlled group, but each extracts showed similar effects excluding the $H_2O$ extracts. These results suggested that Zizyphi Fructus might be useful medicine for inhibition of inflammatory mediator including $IL-l{\beta}$ and $PGF_2$.