지배적디자인 확보를 위한 공정기술혁신의 진화

이수(Su Lee),김길선(Kil Sun Kim),박진한(Jin Han Park) 한국경영학회 2014 經營學硏究 Vol.43 No.4

In this study, we examine the impact of process innovation on the determination of dominantdesign by using “The Model of Evolution of Process Technology Innovation” and establish the theoretical basis for the evolution of process innovation in three stages: the cost innovation stage, the process design innovation stage, and the conversion in innovation stage. Priorstudies on dominant design discussed issues limited to aspects of the product itself or product technology innovation. However, in this study we analyze patterns of process technology innovation generated in the course of creating dominant designs with the Model of Evolution of Process Technology Innovation to present a concept of dominant design that could be applied to the process and process technology behind the products. In process technology innovation, there is an evolution consisting of some characteristic stages occurring after the initial setup of the process system. These stages in the evolution of process technology innovation include: 1) the cost innovation stage, 2) the process design innovation stage, and 3) the conversion in innovation stage. Initial innovation of process technology consists mainly of innovations for cost reduction. The innovation of process design stage, that can divide or reconfigure the process, occurs after accumulating experience and understanding of the corresponding process. In this stage the capability to change process structure by employing the module concept, and the capability to conduct the integrated control of changing the whole process are required. Finally, the advanced capability of process technology innovation that can create a new product concept through integrating and/or fusing associated processes with the knowledge and capabilities of the original process can be implemented. In this study, using the process technology innovation in the shipbuilding industry enabled the collection of feasible data and information to examine and understand the progress of process technology innovation and analyze the relationship between process technology and dominant design. The Korean shipbuilding industry currently has the dominant position globally, along with its products embodying dominant designs, such as oil tankers (in the early days), bulkcarriers, container ships, LNG carriers, ultra large container ships, and the high value added offshore plants. Each product competed with products from other suppliers in Europe, Japan, and China. Based on its superior process technology, the Korean shipbuilding industry attained the largest portion of the global market. This allowed us quite pertinent data and information for the empirical analysis of the relationship between process technology and dominant design. The contributions of the ‘Model of Evolution of Process Technology Innovation’ presented in this study are as follows: First, it shows that the addition of the concept of process design to the concept of dominant design, which had previously been studied mainly in terms of productdesign, is valuable. Second, it provided us with the theoretical framework to explore processinnovation, which has been insufficiently studied when compared with product innovation. Italso complemented the limitations of the Product/Process Innovation Model presented by Utter back & Abernathy (1975) and Abernathy & Utter back (1978). The previous model of product/processinnovation assumed that process innovation followed product innovation. However, this study shows the basis for the model presented, and the product-process-product sequence that integrates and fuses the process innovations and associated process technologies that could lead to theintroduction of a new product. Finally, the capability of process technology innovation that enabled process re-design through a comprehensive understanding of products and production processes beyond cost competitiveness, and provided the integration/fusion of associated processes along with integrated

개방형 기술혁신 기반의 지배적 디자인 기술개발 및 확보 전략 : 현대중공업의 HSP(High Skewed Propeller) 설계 및 생산 시스템

안연식,김화영 한국데이터전략학회 2018 Journal of information technology applications & m Vol.25 No.1

This study presents a research model that demonstrates the dominant design technology strategy for developing and securing dominant design technology based on open innovation. For this purpose, this study developed a strategic model for the development and acquisition of design technology, production technology, and production system of propeller which satisfies the requirements of ship propulsion system required by ship owners and shipbuilders. By studying large propellers for ships, it is possible to embody a strategic model that can be used as a technology development strategy of dominant design that is effective in technology field of other industries. In this study, HSP (High Skewed Propeller) strategy of Hyundai Heavy Industries, which occupies the largest global market share (47.5%, 2007) for more than 30 years until now, is analyzed as a successful case to verify this strategic model. The development and acquisition strategy model of dominant design technology presented in this study consists of four stages : dominant design project strategy, dominant design engineering technology strategy, dominant design production technology strategy, and dominant design production system strategy. The strategic model summarizes the key activities at each stage. In addition, the steps and core activities of this strategic model were confirmed through the case study. As a technology development strategy of HSP products, Hyundai Heavy Industries utilized open innovation technology to cooperate with outside, that is, collaborative research and development with KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) research team, and succeeded in achieving technology development of dominant design of HSP products by linking it with HSP technology development and acquisition strategy.

산업별 기술혁신패턴에 따른 기업의 R&D 역량 비교 연구

손희전,박문수 한국엔터프라이즈아키텍처학회 2013 정보기술아키텍처연구 Vol.10 No.1

In this paper, we analyze the comparative advantage of industry innovation (R & D) activities. The method is that companies are classified suppliers dominated- industry, productionintensive industries and science-based industries , and data of Statistical analysis were collected HCCP (KRIVET). The result is that Tipping phenomena of science-based is apparent and suppliers dominated- industry is the lack of comparative advantage. The implications are as follows. suppliers dominated- industries that specialize in R & D capabilities, support R & D capability is required. Second, the policy in terms of support for R & BD (linking technology commercialization support innovation) should be strengthened. Third, SMEs in the leveling down of industry R & D capabilities should be supplemented. 본 논문에서는 각 기업의 혁신(R&D) 활동에 의한 산업별 특징 차이와 산업별 혁신(R&D)활동의 비교우위 행태를 살펴보았다. 분석방법은 기업을 공급자지배산업, 생산집약산업, 과학기반산업으로 분류하고 그 산업들 각각의 특징과 기업의 R&D 역량에 대한 산업별 비교우위를 한국직업능력개발원의 HCCP(인적자본기업패널) 자료를 사용하여 실증분석 하였다. 분석결과 R&D 역량의 과학기반산업 쏠림현상과 공급자지배산업의 비교우위 부족현상이 나타났다. 과학기반산업의 R&D 역량 확대에 치우친 경향은 특성화되어야 할 R&D 역량의 발전 속도가 늦어지고 있다는 것을 의미하며, 이에 따른 정책적 함의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, R&D 역량이 저조한 공급자지배산업에 특성화된 R&D 역량 지원이 필요하다. 둘째, 정책적 차원에서 R&BD(사업화 연계 기술혁신 지원)에 대한 지원이 강화되어야 한다. 셋째, 중소기업에서 산업별 R&D 역량의 하향 평준화를 보완해야한다

전기자동차가 생산시스템에 미치는 영향

박근태 ( Park Geun-tae ) 한국산업노동학회 2019 산업노동연구 Vol.25 No.2

전기자동차의 확산이 자동차산업과 사회에 미칠 영향에 대한 연구의 필요성이 커지고 있으나 관련 연구는 아직 부족하다. 이 연구에서는 전기자동차가 생산시스템에 미치는 영향을 제품 혁신 차원에서 고찰한다. 전기자동차는 내연기관차 중심의 기존 지배 디자인에서 이탈하는 급진적 혁신이며, 따라서 생산시스템도 변화할 가능성이 크다. 이 연구에서는 현재 양산되고 있는 대표적인 전기자동차인 BMW i3, 테슬라 모델 S, GM 볼트 EV를 사례로 분석한다. i3는 다른 요인들이 통제된 상태에서 내연기관차에서 전기자동차로 제품이 변했을 때 생산시스템의 변화를 살펴보기에 가장 적합한 사례이며, 모델 S는 전기자동차라는 제품에 최적화된 생산시스템과 작업조직을 살펴 볼 수 있는 사례이고, 볼트 EV는 내연기관차 생산시스템과 작업조직이 전기자동차를 혼류 생산할 때 어떻게 변화하는지 볼 수 있는 대표적인 사례이다. 이 연구 결과에 따르면, 전기자동차가 내연기관차 중심의 기존 지배 디자인에서 벗어남에 따라 생산시스템도 기존 생산시스템에서 달라지고 있다. 현재 전기자동차로 인한 생산시스템의 변화는 기술시스템 위주로 이루어지고 있으며, 사회적 관계인 작업조직의 변화는 크지 않다. 그러나 전기자동차의 확산이 필요 노동력 축소와 일자리 감소, 이로 인한 노사관계 변화로 이어지면 작업조직에도 변화를 가져올 가능성이 크다. 전기자동차의 유형이 결정되면 생산시스템의 유형도 결정된다. 따라서 신차 개발을 시작하는 초기 단계에서부터 노사가 정보를 공유하고 예상되는 문제에 대응하기 위해 공동으로 노력해야 한다. 현재 진행 중인 전동화 등 자동차산업 패러다임 전환이 사회와 노동에 미칠 영향을 분석하고 이에 근거해 ‘공정한 전환’을 준비해야 한다. There is a growing need for research into the impact of the spread of electric vehicles(EVs) on the automobile industry and society, but there is still a lack of related research. In this study, the impact of EV on production systems is considered in terms of product innovation. EVs are radical innovations that break away from conventional dominant design centered on internal combustion engine vehicle(ICEV). Therefore, there is a high possibility that the production system will change. This study analyzes BMW i3, Tesla Model S and GM Bolt EV, leading EVs currently being mass-produced, as cases. i3 is the best case for analyzing changes in the production system when product changes from ICEV to EV under controlling other factors. Model S is a case for production system and work organization optimized for EV. And Bolt EV is a case of how ICEV production system and work organization change when mixed-producing EV with ICEV. According to the findings, the production system is also changing from the conventional production system as EV deviates from the conventional dominant design centered on ICEV. Currently, changes in the production system due to EVs are made mainly to the technical system, and changes in the work organization, which is a social relationship, are not significant. However, if the spread of EVs leads to the reduction of the labor force, job losses and consequent changes in industrial relations, it is likely to bring changes to the work organization as well. Once the type of EV is determined, the type of production system is also determined. Thus, from the initial stage of the development of new vehicles, labor and management should share information and work together to respond to expected problems. The impact of the ongoing paradigm shift in the auto industry, including electrification, on society and labor should be analyzed and based on it, “just transition” should be prepared.

중국 반독점법 2022년 개정법의 실체법적 개정사항

김준호 충북대학교 법학연구소 2023 法學硏究 Vol.34 No.1

On June 24, 2022, at the 35th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress, the amendment to the Anti-monopoly Law of the People's Republic of China was passed. It was decided to go into effect on August 1st. This is the first amendment to China's Anti-monopoly Law since its implementation in 2008. A new purpose was proposed in maintaining an orderly market system. This amendment adds innovation encouragement to the legislative purpose of the Anti-monopoly Law, in line with Xi Jinping's leadership's keynote on state affairs, which has emphasized technological innovation. It is specified in this law that it is responsible. In the 2018 central organizational reorganization, the newly established State Administration for Market Regulation, the Anti-monopoly Bureau, which was in charge of anti-monopoly work that had been distributed among the Ministry of Commerce, Development and Development, and the General Administration of Industry and Trade, was separated into a vice-ministerial level organization and upgraded to the State Anti-monopoly Bureau. The amendment bans monopoly, exclusion, and competition restrictions that abuse administrative power, and strengthens the level of punishment, such as significantly increasing the level of fines and linking antitrust penalties with credit records. Clarify the criteria for screening and classifying managers to strengthen screening of managers related to the national economy and livelihood, while introducing a safe harbor rule to exclude managers from sanctions if they prove that their market share is lower than the anti-monopoly standards made with In addition, managers who provide “substantial help” in concluding and implementing monopoly agreements are also subject to sanctions. The amendment is a review of China's anti-monopoly law enforcement over the past 10 years during the deliberation of the revision of the Chinese anti-monopoly law, and can be seen as a summary of legal practice experience. This is a demand inherent in the development of China's socialist market economy, and can help meet the objective demand of the new development pattern. It is conducive to introducing Chinese anti-monopoly law supervision and strengthening anti-monopoly law enforcement, which will be scientifically and objectively conducive.

중소기업 최고경영자의 기업가역량이 경영성과에 미치는 영향 연구

김수진,이상용 한국전문경영인학회 2020 專門經營人硏究 Vol.23 No.4

글로벌 경제는 미국과 중국의 균열로 인해 심화된 분열과 갈등의 탈세계화라는 뉴노멀 시대로 접어들고 있고, 이로 인해 한국경제는 미국과 중국 사이에서 방향성을 정하기가 쉽지 않은 상황이다. 자주적 자립경제 전환이 어려운 현 상황에서 한국에서 중국, 중국에 서 미국으로 수출 경로가 구조화되어 있는 수출의존형 경제구조에서 중국의 대미 수출 약화는 곧바로 한국의 대중 수출의 약세로 이어지기 때문이다. 여기에 제4차 산업혁명시 대의 도래와 맞물려 신기술의 개발, 스마트 팩토리의 도입을 통한 지속적 경쟁우위 확보 등이 글로벌 경쟁의 화두가 되고 있는 현 상황에서 자본과 인력 등 자생 능력이 취약한 중소기업의 지속성장을 위한 핵심역량에 관한 연구는 부족한 현실이다. 자원이 부족한 중소기업은 전 부문에 대한 포괄적 핵심역량의 강화보다는 산업별, 업종별 전문화, 부분화 된 핵심역량의 강화가 필요하며, 이러한 핵심역량으로는 중소기업의 특성 상 기업가역량 과 신기술 창출과 사업화를 위한 혁신역량 그리고 시장 확보 및 확대를 위한 글로벌마케팅 역량을 들 수 있다. 본 연구는 지속적 경쟁우위 확보를 위한 중소제조기업의 핵심역량으로 기업가역량, 혁신역량, 글로벌마케팅 역량을 정의하고 이들 역량과 시장지배력을 중심으 로 한 경영성과 간의 영향을 확인하였다. The global economy is entering a new normal era of deglobalization due to intensifying divisions and conflicts between the US and China, and the Korean economy is in a difficult situation to determine the direction between the US and China. This is because the weakening of China's exports to the U.S. directly leads to weaker exports of Korea to China in an export-dependent economic structure. In conjunction with the advent of the 4th industrial revolution, the development of new technologies and securing a competitive advantage through the introduction of smart factories are becoming the topic of global competition. Research on core competencies for the future is insufficient. SMEs lacking resources need to strengthen their core competencies by industry and sector, rather than reinforcing comprehensive core competencies in all sectors. These core competencies are enterprise competency and innovation for the creation and commercialization of new technologies due to the characteristics of SMEs. competencies and global marketing competency to secure and expand the market. This study defines enterprise competency, innovation competency, and global marketing competency as the core competencies of SMEs to secure a sustainable competitive advantage, and confirmed the impact between these competencies and business performance centered on market dominance.

경쟁법과 지식재산권의 긴장관계에 대한 이해

최난설헌 ( Nansulhun Choi ) 한국경쟁법학회 2016 競爭法硏究 Vol.33 No.-

It is often explained that there are tensions between competition law and intellectual property law due to different purposes and natures of two systems. Those who have intellectual property rights hold not only legal rights of an access to the intellectual rights but also monopolistic rights to charge loyalty of intellectual property rights. Accordingly, tensions could be generated between intellectual property law and competition law (and policies) that regulates abusive market power. It is noteworthy that an intellectual property right holder’s monopolistic power to impose loyalty is not same as the concept of monopoly in Fair Trade Act. As more goods and services are protected by intellectual property rights, there are many cases where the two different regulatory regimes should be considered in a careful way. The recent legal discussion has been deepened in terms of coexistence and coherence between competition regulation and intellectual property rights. In addition, in search of harmonious policies and legal enforcement, many countries including Korea have proposed many theories and guidelines. To achieve the balance between competition law and intellectual property law, it is of significance that intellectual property protection should be accompanied with and be understood in the context of competition law enforcement. For the balance and harmony between two regulatory systems, authorities should treat intellectual property rights and competition law in an equal manner. Accordingly, only after sufficient discussion and the fine-tuning process, the stable relationship of the two regulatory systems will be maintained. Based on the stability, the goals of the two regulatory systems-i.e., the efficient competition and innovation-will be achieved. * Assistant

첨단기술시장에서 상호운용성과 경쟁법의 관계 - EU 법원의 Microsoft 판결(Case T-201/04, Case T-167/08)을 중심으로 -

최난설헌 ( Nansulhun Choi ) 한국경제법학회 2013 경제법연구 Vol.12 No.1

상호운용성(Interoperability)이란 ‘시스템 또는 제품이 다른 시스템이나 제품과 함께 동작하기 위한 능력’이다. 상호운용성은 서로 다른 시스템 간에 효과적으로 정보교환을 하도록 하는데 중요한 역할을 하며, 나아가 시장에서의 경쟁이나 혁신의 모습을 변화시킬 수 있다. 경쟁법과 지적재산권법은 경쟁 또는 혁신과 관련된 대표적인 법률이다. 지적재산권으로 보장받는 기술정보의 공개거절행위(라이선스 거절행위)에 대하여 경쟁법이 개입할 경우 경쟁법과 지적재산권법의 충돌문제가 발생할 수 있다. 지적재산권의 관점에서 공개거절행위 그 자체는 권리 남용에 해당하지 않으나 그 행위자가 시장지배적 사업자이거나 표준보유자일 경우에는 사실상 시장에서의 경쟁을 봉쇄할 수 있다. 특히 첨단기술산업분야에서 상호운용성이 요구되는 기술이나 정보는 필수기술이나 정보인 경우가 많기 때문에 이러한 라이선스 거절행위는 궁극적으로 시장에서의 경쟁을 해하고 소비자의 선택의 폭을 축소시키는 역할을 한다. EU 법원의 2007년과 2012년의 Microsoft 판결은 2004년의 IMS Health 판결에 이어 지적재산권의 라이선스 거절에 대하여 경쟁법상 남용을 인정한 대표적인 판례로서 시장지배적 사업자의 경쟁 촉진의무를 강조하였다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 우리나라의 경우에는 아직 명문의 규정은 없지만, 「독점규제및공정거래에관한법률」이나 「시장지배적지위남용행위의심사기준」의 해석을 통하여 시장지배적 사업자에 의한 라이선스 거절행위의 경우 경쟁법의 법리를 적용할 여지가 있을 것으로 보인다. In 2004, the European Commission (EC) ordered that Microsoft provide interoperability of Windows Sever Operation System (O/S) software protocol. Interoperability is referred to as ability where a system or a product operates compatibly with other systems or products even without consumers’ particular efforts. Interoperability is not only important in cutting-edge technology areas. It plays a key role in fields such as health-medical industry and telecommunication industry where interoperability is used to exchange information efficiently. It is true that interoperability generally improves innovation. However, the relationship between interoperability and innovation is very complicated and takes various shapes on case-by-case basis. Therefore, the direction that interoperability should pursue is dependent on what kind of goals is pursued. For instance, goals such as innovation, consumers’ right to choice, convenience, and promotion of competition in the market can generate different effects. The competition authority’s longstanding enforcement of corrective action with respect to interoperability means that business entities are supervised and monitored by the competition authority in the long run. Such corrective actions can make huge impacts on corporations’ research and development (R&D) and business strategies for innovation. In addition, standards and protocols in relation to interoperability are closely associated with intellectual property rights because corrective actions with respect to interoperability generally include a document which stipulates that intellectual properties would be provided without charge or at a deep discount. Recent cases show that enforcing agencies and policy-makers make their efforts to search for a balance point. Interoperability should be used to foment competition in the market ultimately for the welfare of consumers and national economy.

한국 인삼 물류산업에서의 지배제품 분석

조형래 ( Jo Hyung Rae ),장세윤 ( Jhang Se Yoon ) 한국물류학회 2016 물류학회지 Vol.26 No.5

기술혁신 분야에서 지배제품에 대한 연구는 여러 가지 시사점을 제공하므로 분석을 통한 의미가 크지만 우리나라에서 관련 연구는 거의 수행이 되지 못하였다. 본 연구는 지배제품에 대한 연구를 한국의 대표적 특산품인 인삼제품에서의 사례분석을 통하여 수행하고 그에 따른 이론적 실무적 차원의 기여를 하기 위해 수행되었다. 본 연구에서는 인삼산업 분야에서의 제품 개발 연혁을 조사하고 지배제품이 되기 위한 근거 도출을 통하여 지배제품을 선정하였다. 그 지배제품들은 홍삼, 홍삼정, 홍삼드링크 세 가지 제품이었다. 다음으로 그 지배제품들의 탄생 근원과 과정을 고찰하였다. 그 고찰은 제품의 특성, 관련된 기술 개발, 관련 환경 등을 중심으로 이루어졌다. 그를 통해 지배제품 개발에 관련된 중요한 공통적인 요인들을 파악하고 그에 따른 시사점들을 논의하였다. 중요한 결과들은 다음과 같다. 해당 산업에서의 지배제품들은 소비자의 욕구 및 욕구 변화 등이 아이디어 도출과 개발의 동기가 되어 시작이 되었다. 그와 동시에 그런 소비자 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있는 기술 문제 해결을 위한 기술적 기반 등이 다른 요건이었다. 그리고 다른 거시적 배경으로서 그와 관련된 주요 환경요인들이 있었다. 본 연구는 이런 분석을 통하여 이론적으로 지배제품 및 기술혁신 분야 연구에 분석의 기초를 제공하였고 실무적으로 지배제품 도출을 위한 주요 시사점들을 제공하였다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다고 보여진다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 자료 획득의 난점으로 인해 지배제품 선정의 근거를 제시하는데 있어서 다소 객관성이 미흡한 부분이 있었다. 그러나 최대한 자료에 기반을 둠으로써 또한 관련 분야의 전문가의견을 통하여 그 선정의 타당성을 기하였다. 그리고 관련 산업에서의 연혁을 볼 때 모든 지배제품을 도출했다고 보기에 어렵고 또 사례연구로서 수행되었으므로 보편타당성 관점에서 그 한계점을 가진다. 향후 이런 탐색적 연구를 기반으로 하여 더 객관적인 연구 기반을 확보하여 관련 분야연구의 진전을 기하는 것이 필요할 것으로 보여진다. Though the research on the dominant design has been meaningful because it give us many useful implications about industry, those researches have been rare in Korea. This study has been performed to contribute to both of academic and practical field by analyzing the dominant designs in Korean ginseng industry as representing Korean brand. At first, we reviewed long history of Korean ginseng industry and products. And we have been selected dominant designs among total ginseng products by establishing proper criteria of dominant design in that industry. Those dominant designs are Red ginseng(product), Red ginseng tablet, Red ginseng drink. Next step was to review and investigate the origin and process of birth of those products. Those analyses were done in terms of 3 aspects, which were product characteristics, related technological development, environmental factors. Major findings are: Those dominant designs start from customer needs or change of customer needs which were the source of product ideas and motives of product development. And technological advancement followed after first step which could solve the main problems of technology to address the needs of customers. And the other element was environmental factors which made the driving of innovation powerful. This research seems to contribute academically in that it gives the foundation of analysis in the area of dominant design research and technological innovation specially in industry of long history, and to contribute practically in that it produces major implications to develop dominant design. But this research contains some limit in that the selection of dominant designs lacks objectivity to a certain extent because of difficulties of data collection. But we tried to improve the objectivity of the analysis by working on the base of data and reflecting the opinions of industry specialists. In the future, the effort to research in this field seems to be needed that is based on more objective research framework by considering the result of this research.

Efficiency Management of the Enterprises Activity Based on the Principles of Innovative Development

Chernoivanova, Hanna,Kozlova, Inna,Kryvobok, Kateryna,Nemashkalo, Karina,Yermolenko, Oleksii International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.12

The article examines the economic essence and approaches to determining the efficiency of the enterprise. The author in the study considers the effectiveness and from the standpoint of qualitative analysis of the effectiveness of change and implementation of enterprise development goals. It is established that the tool for ensuring qualitative impacts on the efficiency of the enterprise is the innovative development of the economic space of the enterprise. The article considers the dominant innovations that have influenced the means and methods of production. An organizational and economic mechanism has been recommended to coordinate the costs of innovation activities in order to ensure the efficiency of enterprises. The object of management in the organizational and economic mechanism is the innovation process in the enterprise: from the design of strategic goals of innovation, search and commercialization of innovations, to building and implementing innovation potential. The efficiency of the enterprise under the condition of realization of innovative potential will be characterized by steady competitive advantages and strategically-oriented behavior in the market.